The cause of truth of science being asleep and references

科学史上,有不少“真理沉睡“的事例。分析发现:既有内在原因,也有外在原因;内在原因是理论自身表述不够完善,缺乏应有的实践指称,相关学科发展滞后,仪器技术水平落后等;外在原因是意识形态的遏制、权威的压制、范式理论的束缚和时代认识水平的限制等。从中可以得到如下启示:作为年轻的科学工作者要敢于冲破范式理论的束缚,学术上应该追求完善,面对权威和习俗的阻力需要策略和冷静;作为知名科学前辈要有与时俱进的思想品格和精心育人的意识。In the history of science,there are many sleeping examples of truth.Through analyzing found that:there are both internal causes and external factors;the internal causes are that the theory itself are inadequate representation,lack of proper allegated practices,the relevant disciplinary subject development and the technological level of equipment lag behind,etc.;the external reasons are that the impact of ideologies,the repression of authorities,the restrictions of traditional ideas and contemporary level of awareness.From these analyses we can obtain the following references: as a young science workers must dare to break through the traditional concept,pursue academic excellence,facing resistances from authorities and customs need the policies and calming;as a well-known scientific predecessors need change by the times and educate youths carefully

Evolution of Scientific Models and Its Characteristics of Epistemology

模型是人们科学理解和解释研究对象的重要桥梁。模型作为对研究对象“数学筹划“的结果,必然具有简约近似的特征。模型的不同形态和精细程度表征了科学研究的不同发展阶段。随着科技的发展,科学模型从实体到观念化、从理论到数学化、从定性到定量、从计算机模拟到仿真,逐步从形象变得抽象,最后却又从高度抽象回归到形象。另外,理解科学模型具有的主体性、诠释学特征,这对于理解当今科学哲学发展的新动向具有启发性。In scientific research,model is an important bridge to understand and explain the objects of study.Model,as the research object,is the result of "mathematical projection" and it is bound to be simple and approximate.The different forms and sophistication degree of Models show different stages of development in scientific research.With the development of science and technology,science models have evolved from being physical to conceptualized,theoretical to mathematical,qualitative to quantitative,and computer simulation to reality simulation,which means a gradual development from concrete to abstract,but finally returned to concrete from the high level of abstraction.This process reflects the essential requirements of visualization nature of human thinking

Interpretation of“Babel”on the Philosophy of Technology:An Interpretation of the Relationship between Technical Fact and Technical Value

从技术哲学的角度来看,“巴别塔“揭示了两个问题:技术的事实问题和技术的价值问题。“巴别塔“的破灭是技术事实与技术价值相分离的结果。新的技术“巴别塔“是人的“原罪“和技术的“原罪“相结合的产物。人和技术的“自我救赎“不可能通过建造“巴别塔“,即通过技术事实和技术价值的统一来实现,“救赎“之路在于技术事实与技术价值的分离。From the perspective of philosophy of technology,"Babel"reveals two problems:technology's problems of its fact and value.The collapse of Babel is the result of separation of technical fact and technical value.New technical"Babel"is the product of combining man's"original sin"and technology's"original sin".To realize"self-salvation"of man and technology is impossible by building the tower of"Babel",namely through the unification between technical fact and technical value.The road to"salvation"lies in the separation of technical fact and technical value.湖南省社会科学基金项目“技术价值异化的本质、成因及弱化机制研究”(14YBA037

科学经验的重新解读及其价值——基于与非科学经验的比较

科学经验与非科学经验同属经验的范畴,都是“记忆的“、“被给予的““所予物“。科学经验是概念化反思的经验,具有形式化和总体化的意向特征,而非科学经验则不然,这是理解科学经验的关键。科学经验是抽象思维与形象思维的统一体,凸显了抽象思维的形象基底性。科学经验是技术制造的,具有诠释性,理解科学经验的内涵与特征对于解答“李约瑟难题“具有启发性

Analysis of the Approaches of the Feminist Critique of Science

女性主义以“性别分析“为核心展开其科学批判与科学研究,在传统科学观、建构论与科学实践论三种视域中形成三条不同的研究进路:(1)在传统科学观视域中,女性主义主要以“概念分析“为进路,试图通过对理性、客观性等概念的男性中心主义批判,揭示科学中的性别歧视与男性气质,并以女性气质、女性主义新客观性等概念构建其理论(;2)在建构论视域中,女性主义以“理论建构“为进路,试图通过对建构表征与反身性困境的批判和反思来构建女性主义科学衍射新模式与科学主客体交互关系理论;(3)在科学实践论视域中,女性主义以“异质性因素的动态分析“为其进路,使其科学研究视域转向性别、种族、阶级等异质性因素与科学的动态作用研究,揭示性别差异的多层次性与科学文化的多样性。The feminists conduct their critique of science and scientific research focused on gender analysis.In the following three domains, that is, in the traditional view of science, in constructivism, and in the scientific practice theory, three different approaches have formed: (1) In the perspective of the traditional view of science, the feminists mainly appeal to the approach of ìthe conceptual analysisī.It attempts to criticize such androcentric concepts as rationality and objectivity, and then reveal the gender discrimination and the masculinity in science, and construct its theory with the femininity and the new objectivity of feminist concept; (2) In t constructivism, the feminists appeal to the approaches of ìthe theoretical constructionsī, attempt to construct the new feminist mode of science diffraction and the theory of host-guest interaction of science by the critique and reflection on the dilemmas of construction representation and reflexivity.(3) In the scientific practice theory, the feminists appeal to the approaches of ìthe dynamic analysis of the heterogeneity factorī, turn to the research into such heterogeneity factors as gender, race, class, etc, and the dynamic role of science, and reveal the multi-level differences of gender and the diversity of scientific culture.教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目:技术与性别:女性主义技术哲学研究(12YJC720049

From Gender Culture of Science to Diversity of Science Culture——the Science Culture from the Perspective of Feminism

传统女性主义从性别维度分析传统科学文化,揭示出传统科学文化中存在的性别歧视与科学的“菲勒斯中心主义“。受后现代主义与后殖民主义理论的影响,新时期女性主义解构传统科学文化的一元结构,从阶级、民族、地域等方面坚持科学文化的多元立场,女性主义科学文化观从科学的性别文化转向了科学文化的多样性研究。后现代主义对女性身份的消解与后殖民主义对差异性与多元性的强调为女性主义多元文化发展带来新动力与巨大挑战,唯有建立一种使后现代主义的解构、多元主义的差异与女性主义批判完美结合的女性主义文化,女性主义多元文化才能继续发展。From the perspective of feminism,science culture changes with the development of feminism.Based on gender analysis,traditional feminism holds that there are gender discrimination and "Phallus Centrism" of science culture views in traditional science culture.With the development of feminism,the new feminism deconstructs traditional monistical science culture under the influence of postmodernism and postcolonialism,holding that science culture is plural in such aspects as classes,nations,regions and so on.Thus,the study of science culture views turn from gender culture of science to diversity of science culture.There is doubtless that the study will keep developing with the inspiration of new theories in future

Review on Study of Scientific Spirit in China

科学精神是科学中的“灵魂“,它贯穿于科学实践中、凝结于科学建制中、体现于科学方法中、内化于科学家的“范式“中。国内关于科学精神问题的研究,主要集中在四个方面:科学精神的本质与内涵;科学精神与人文精神的关系;科学精神的价值与社会功能;中国科学精神的历史与现状。存在的主要问题有:缺乏对科学精神进行全面系统的研究;缺乏从科学史、科学与经济、科学政治学等维度对科学精神进行解释;忽视结合历史与现实中的科学家的科学实践对科学精神进行具体微观分析;研究结论的抽象性导致对科学实践缺乏真正的引导作用。Scientific spirit is the "soul" of science.It exists in scientific practice,condenses into scientific system,reflected in scientific method,internalized in scientists' "paradigm".The research about scientific spirit in China focuses on four aspects: the nature and the content of scientific spirit;the relationship between scientific spirit and humanistic spirit;the value and social function of scientific spirit;the history and the status quo of scientific spirit in China.The main problems are mainly found in the lack of overall integrated research on scientific spirit,lack of explanation of scientific spirit in the dimensions of history of science,science and economy,science of science and politics,ignoring specific micro-analysis of scientific spirit by combining scientific practices by scientists in history and reality,while the result being too Abstract to guide scientific practice.湖南省高等学校科学研究项目重点项目“理工科大学生科学精神培育研究”(11A006