中国海及邻近区域碳库与通量综合分析

中国海总面积约470万平方公里,纵跨热带、亚热带、温带、北温带等多个气候带.其中,南海北依\"世界第三极\"青藏高原、南邻\"全球气候引擎\"西太平洋暖池,东海拥有全球最宽的陆架之一,跨陆架物质运输显著,黄海是冷暖流交汇区域,渤海则是受人类活动高度影响的内湾浅海.中国海内有长江、黄河、珠江等大河输入,外邻全球两大西边界流之一的黑潮.这些鲜明的特色赋予了中国海碳储库和通量研究的典型代表意义.文章从不同海区（渤海、黄海、东海、南海）、不同界面（陆-海、海-气、水柱-沉积物、边缘海-大洋等）,以及不同生态系统（红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床、海藻养殖、珊瑚礁、水柱生态系统等）多层面对海洋碳库与通量进行了较系统地综合分析,初步估算了各个碳库的储量与不同碳库间的通量.就海气通量而言,渤海向大气中释放CO2约0.22Tg Ca-1,黄海吸收CO2约1.15Tg Ca-1,东海吸收CO2约6.92～23.30Tg Ca-1,南海释放CO2约13.86～33.60Tg Ca-1.如果仅考虑海-气界面的CO2交换,中国海总体上是大气CO2的\"源\",净释放量约6.01～9.33Tg Ca-1.这主要是由于河流输入以及邻近大洋输入所致.河流输入渤黄海、东海、南海的溶解无机碳（DIC）分别为5.04、14.60和40.14Tg Ca-1,而邻近大洋输入DIC更是高达144.81Tg Ca-1,远超中国海向大气释放的碳量.渤海、黄海、东海、南海的沉积有机碳通量分别为2.00、3.60、7.40、7.49Tg Ca-1.东海和南海向邻近大洋输送有机碳通量分别为15.25～36.70和43.39Tg Ca-1.就生态系统而言,中国沿海红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床有机碳埋藏通量为0.36Tg Ca-1,海草床溶解有机碳（DOC）输出通量为0.59Tg Ca-1;中国近海海藻养殖移出碳通量0.68Tg Ca-1,沉积和DOC释放通量分别为0.14和0.82Tg Ca-1.总计,中国海有机碳年输出通量为81.72～103.17Tg Ca-1.中国海的有机碳输出以DOC形式为主,东海向邻近大洋输出的DOC通量约15.00～35.00Tg Ca-1,南海输出约31.39Tg Ca-1.综上,尽管从海-气通量看中国海是大气CO2的\"源\",但考虑了河流、大洋输入、沉积输出以及微型生物碳泵（DOC转化输出）作用后,中国海是重要的储碳区.需要指出的是,文章数据是基于中国海各海区碳循环研究报道,鉴于不同研究方法上的差异,所得数据难免有一定的误差范围,亟待将来统一方法标准下的更多深入研究和分析.国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2016YFA0601400);;国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:91751207、91428308、41722603、41606153、41422603);;中央高校基础研究项目(编号:20720170107);;中海油项目(编号:CNOOC-KJ125FZDXM00TJ001-2014、CNOOCKJ125FZDXM00ZJ001-2014)资

Stabilization of anti-aromatic and strained five-membered rings with a transition metal

1981年诺贝尔化学奖获得者、美国康奈尔大学RoaldHoffmann教授评价该项工作说：'The　paper is an excellent one--it's　quite a mazing that the parent Os　system,molecule 1,chooses to give the osmapentalyne'。德国化学家Uwe Rosenthal教授等在同期《自然—化学》杂志的《News and Views》栏目以《Breaking the rules》为题撰文评述了这一研究成果。全文地址：http://www.nature.com/nchem/journal/vaop/ncurrent/pdf/nchem.1702.pdfAnti-aromatic compounds, as well as small cyclic alkynes or carbynes, are particularly challenging synthetic goals. The combination of their destabilizing features hinders attempts to prepare molecules such as pentalyne, an 8π-electron anti-aromatic bicycle with extremely high ring strain. Here we describe the facile synthesis of osmapentalyne derivatives that are thermally viable, despite containing the smallest angles observed so far at a carbyne carbon. The compounds are characterized using X-ray crystallography, and their computed energies and magnetic properties reveal aromatic character. Hence, the incorporation of the osmium centre not only reduces the ring strain of the parent pentalyne, but also converts its Hückel anti-aromaticity into Craig-type Möbius aromaticity in the metallapentalynes. The concept of aromaticity is thus extended to five-membered rings containing a metal–carbon triple bond. Moreover, these metal–aromatic compounds exhibit unusual optical effects such as near-infrared photoluminescence with particularly large Stokes shifts, long lifetimes and aggregation enhancement

グラスルーツグローバリゼーション －草の根・地域からの人類一体化の推進－

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Simulation of Temperature Field and Flow Field Inside Refrigerator and Structure Optimization

Household refrigerating appliances play an important role in our family life for their function of improving food storage-quality and prolonging food storage-time. Arrangement of the refrigerating chamber and the freezer greatly influences the temperature field and the flow field inside the refrigerator and energy cost of the refrigerator. Simulation of the temperature field and flow field inside the refrigerating chamber and the freezer in different arrangement indicates that household refrigerating appliances with the freezer on top, compared with the refrigerating chamber on top, have many advantages, such as rationality of temperature distribution, convenience of food-storage, and lower energy cost

圆锥滚子轴承配合精度对温升特性影响规律的试验研究

圆锥滚子轴承作为机械传动系统中起支撑旋转轴系的重要精密基础关键元件，其性能参数及工作状态会对装备的传动特性产生重要影响，轴承运行中的温升效应是影响轴承性能的关键因素。为了深入研究圆锥滚子轴承配合精度对温升特性的影响机理，研制了轴承智能检测试验台，通过实验手段研究了在不同配合精度情况下的轴承温升状况，分析了圆锥滚子轴承内外圈配合精度变化与温升的耦合规律，获取了圆锥滚子轴承不同配合精度下的温升特性曲线，为高端装备中圆锥滚子轴承参数的精确选取提供了理论支撑

烧结双多孔介质中沸腾换热的实验研究

對由銅粉燒結而成的三種雙多孔介質結構進行了沸騰換熱的實驗。為了便于比較,同時對兩種單多孔介質進行了沸騰換熱實驗。結果發現:當雙多孔介質的微孔徑和單多孔介質的孔徑相同時,雙多孔介質的換熱系數和臨界熱流密度比單多孔介質高得多;對于同樣微孔徑的雙多孔介質,存在最佳的粗孔徑,其換熱系數和臨界熱流密度最大;當逆靜水壓頭減小的時候,換熱系數和臨界熱流密度增加

想像力量表之編製 The Development of an Imagination Scale

本研究目的在發展「想像力量表」，視其信度與效度，全量表共包含13 題開放式題項。研究者透過項目分析、Cronbach’s α、重測信度、個別項目信度、成分信度、組合信度及驗證性因素分析等統計方法來分析處理實證資料。根據驗證性因素分析結果顯示，實證資料尚且支持Vygotsky之想像力概念理論（Vygotsky’s theoretical conceptions of imagination）暨想像力激發機制（the arousing mechanism of imagination）之「想像力量表」的假設模式，兩者適配尚稱符合。本研究初步發現「想像力量表」可分為「發想力」、「流暢力」、「變通力」，以及「獨創力」四個分量表，而四個分量表分數表徵之一級潛在因素，可以被「想像力量表」解釋的百分比分別為 .46、 .96、 .55、 .20。 This study develops and examines the reliability and validity of an imagination scale (IS) with 13 open-ended items categorized into 4 subscales: initiation, fluency, flexibility, and originality. Item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis are used to determine Cronbach’s α, test-retest reliability, individual item reliability, composite reliability, and criterion-related validity of the IS. Second-order confirmatory factor analysis shows that there was an acceptable goodness-of-fit among the IS, Vygotsky’s theoretical conceptions of imagination, and the arousing mechanism of imagination. The IS accounted for .46, .96, .55, and .02 of the variance associated with the 4 subscales