Environmental risk assessment of intensive animal production in Jiulong River Watershed

在G IS支持下采用养分收支平衡法对九龙江流域规模化生猪养殖的环境风险进行评价。规模化养殖污染负荷在不同类型养殖场的分配、空间分布规律以及规模化养殖的环境风险评价结果表明:规模化养猪业年产粪尿量达107万t,以小型规模化养殖场产生的污染负荷最高;整体来看,规模化生猪养殖的环境风险不大,但由于养殖场的地理分布集中,造成近郊区域规模化养殖的环境风险极高;由于过多施用化肥,中远郊规模化养殖粪尿未得到合理利用而流失。位于水系附近的养殖场对水体影响较大,根据“福建省畜禽养殖污染防治管理办法”,为减少规模化生猪养殖对九龙江水质的直接威胁,需搬迁主要支流沿岸1 km范围内的规模化养猪场250个。 【英文摘要】 With the rapid growth in the number and size of intensive livestock enterprises in China,livestock waste in a huge amount has become one of the main sources of water pollution.Environmental risk assessment of the intensive animal production in the Jiulong River Watershed was conducted with the aid of GIS and the nutrient balance method.The findings of the study of spatial distribution of pollution loads and the environmental risk assessment show that a total of 1 070 000 tons of manure is produced annually ...福建省重大科技攻关项目(2002H009

Environmental Benefit Research of Longyan Wastewater Treatment Plant

详细分析了龙岩市新罗区污水处理厂2001年-2005年间的投入和运行成本,在此基础上结合龙岩市新罗区污染物排放量的削减情况对该污水处理厂的环境效益进行分析。本文着重研究了该厂由于COD、氨氮和总磷减排所产生的环境效益,分析了COD、氨氮和总磷的削减情况,结合总投资计算了它们的效益-投入比并比较它们环境效益的大小。将COD、氨氮和总磷减排量所产生的环境经济效益分别相加,就可以得到2001年-2005年期间龙岩市新罗区污水处理厂所获得的环境效益值;结合各年度的投入成本值,则可以得到该污水处理厂分年度的效益-投入比。最后,本文对九龙江流域污水处理厂的环境效益做了预测。This article analyzed the investment and the running cost of Longyan City Wastewater Treatment Plant between 2001 and 2005,and on this basis we analyzed this plant's environmental benefit combining with the reduce situation of pollutants discharge amount of Longyan City Xinluo District.We focused on this wastewater treatment plant's environmental benefit due to the reduction of COD,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus,and analyze their reduce situation,and compared their environmental benefit combining the investment.Then,we add the environmental benefit of discharge reduction of COD,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus and we could get the environmental benefit of Longyan Xinluo District Wastewater Treatment Plant during 2001 and 2005.Furthermore,we could get the annual ratio of benefit to investment of this wastewater treatment plant combining with annual investment.At last,we predicted the environmental benefit of wastewater treatment plants of Jiulong River Catchments

耦合生态系统服务供求关系的生态安全格局动态分析——以闽三角城市群为例

实现分区管理是缓解城市群生态安全空间差异的有利途径。基于供求理论构建了生态系统服务供求关系动态模型框架,并利用供给与需求的象限区划表征闽三角城市群生态安全格局;在不同的尺度变换上,运用价值单量修正模型、INVEST生境质量模型、景观指数模型、生态韧性模型、熵权法等方法综合测度城市群生态系统服务供求水平,实现生态安全格局的分区化;引入环境库兹涅茨曲线理论解析区域生态安全格局现状和成因;数据分析借助Arc GIS可视化表示。研究发现:(1)闽三角城市群存在50%区域属于生态安全高供给失衡区,其中70%属漳州市境内;32.14%属于高需求失衡区,集中于市辖区与沿海地区;17.86%属于双维度失衡区;未存在单元位于双维度共赢区上。(2)区域生态系统服务供给颇佳而需求滞后,城市群东南沿海区域与周边区域格局差异明显,供给(需求)呈现由沿海向内陆梯次增(减)的空间分异规律。(3)城市群尚处于生态安全库兹涅茨曲线的\"两难阶段\",同时导致了城市群生态安全格局空间异质性的产生。国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0502901);;国家自然科学基金项目(41771500

Environmental Economic Analysis in the Application of Chemical Fertilizer

本文通过对化肥使用的收益成本分析及其对环境造成的影响,利用二次生产函数模型,以洞庭湖区农民的化肥投入为案例,分别考虑粮食产量最大、农民经济收益最大和净经济效益最大3种情况的化肥投入量,进而提出化肥控制和管理对策的最佳管理措施建议。This article study on the cost-effectiveness analysis and the environmental impact of chemical fertilizer,using secondary production function model to the case of farmer’s application of chemical fertilizer in the Dongting Lake area.Considering the application amount of chemical fertilizer in three situations:the biggest output of food production,farmers’ largest economic benefit,net value of the most cost-effectiveness.And then put forward some best management practice suggestions in controling and managing chemical fertilizer.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40671116);福建省高校新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(闽教科[2006]35号

Study on the Process of Xiamen City Sea Reclamation Based on Remote Sensing Image

以1973年、1993年、2001年和2007年4个时相的lAndSAT MSS/TM/ETM+影像为数据源,在遥感分析处理软件ErdAS IMAgE 8.6的支撑下,对厦门市填海造地进程分1973年-1993年、1993年-2001年和2001年-2007年三个时段进行研究。研究表明,三个时段的填海造地规模呈上升趋势,特别是2001年以后的填海占总填海面积的近50%。填海区土地利用类型主要为公共设施用地、居住用地和港口用地。填海活动与人口等社会经济因素密切相关,随着厦门市人口的增长和社会经济发展的需求,填海活动将继续进行。Using four remote sensing images and the software of Erdas Image 8.6 to study the process of Xiamen City sea reclamation from 1973 to 2007.The results show that the sea reclamation scale clearly tend to increase,especially after 2001,the sea reclamation accounts for nearly 50%.The reclaimed land has mainly been used in public facilities,housing,quayage and industry.There is an affinity between sea reclamation and socio-economic factor.The process of Xiamen City reclamation will be proceeding.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40671116);福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目(D0720002);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目;福建省高校新世纪优秀人才支持计划项

Assessing Nitrate Leaching With GLEAMS Model in an Agricultural Small Catchment in Southeast China.

应用GLEAMS模型估算我国东南亚热带地区农业小流域硝态氮的渗漏淋失。在五川流域8种不同土地利用方式的农田中埋设渗漏监测装置,每月采集水样分析硝态氮含量。用2002年4—12月作物生长季节的实测数据进行模型校验的结果表明,模型对水稻田除外的其他土地利用方式下硝态氮渗漏淋失模拟效果较好。五川流域2002年硝态氮淋失模拟计算结果表明,不同土地利用方式下硝态氮淋失时空差异显著,全年渗漏量(以氮计)为4.6438.39 kg.hm-2,流域面积加权平均为29.99 kg.hm-2。甘蔗地、香蕉地和蔬菜地的年硝态氮渗漏量最高,渗漏峰值一般出现在7—8月。降雨、土地利用和化肥施用等人类活动是影响硝态氮渗漏淋失的主要因素。GLEAMS model was introduced to calculation of nitrate leaching in an agricultural small catchment in Southeast China.Field experiments were carried out in farmlands under different land uses,such as paddy, banana,and vegetable cultivation,at Wuchuan catchment,Fujian Province.Lysimeters were set up in 8 plots different in land use to monitor nitrate leaching from April to December in 2002.After calibration and validation,the model displayed an acceptable performance in simulating nitrate leaching in all plots,except for the plot of paddy field.Results of the simulations show that nitrate leaching in the catchment varied from 4.64 to 38.39 kg·hm~(-2) with land uses.Sugarcane,banana and vegetable fields had maximum nitrate leaching and peaked in July and August.Rainfall,land uses and management were significant factors influencing nitrate leaching in the catchment.The model simulations can be used to specifically establish best management practices for nutrient management and pollution mitigation in the catchment.国家自然科学基金(40301045,40671116

Evolution of Scientific Models and Its Characteristics of Epistemology

模型是人们科学理解和解释研究对象的重要桥梁。模型作为对研究对象“数学筹划“的结果,必然具有简约近似的特征。模型的不同形态和精细程度表征了科学研究的不同发展阶段。随着科技的发展,科学模型从实体到观念化、从理论到数学化、从定性到定量、从计算机模拟到仿真,逐步从形象变得抽象,最后却又从高度抽象回归到形象。另外,理解科学模型具有的主体性、诠释学特征,这对于理解当今科学哲学发展的新动向具有启发性。In scientific research,model is an important bridge to understand and explain the objects of study.Model,as the research object,is the result of "mathematical projection" and it is bound to be simple and approximate.The different forms and sophistication degree of Models show different stages of development in scientific research.With the development of science and technology,science models have evolved from being physical to conceptualized,theoretical to mathematical,qualitative to quantitative,and computer simulation to reality simulation,which means a gradual development from concrete to abstract,but finally returned to concrete from the high level of abstraction.This process reflects the essential requirements of visualization nature of human thinking

Inter-regional biological invasion in China:Present status and countermeasures

区域间生物入侵是指国家内部不同区域间物种入侵所引发的危害。由于我国生态系统错综多样,国内人员、物品流动频繁且不易监控,因此区域间生物入侵危害已经十分严峻。本文主要以我国以及国外已有的区域间生物入侵事件为例,分析其主要的入侵途径、危害与防治措施。区域间生物入侵主要通过引种、运输、人为干扰等途径,可以造成土著种灭绝、基因污染、生物多样性降低等危害。全球气候变化、南水北调等大型工程建设以及海峡两岸交流等领域是今后我国区域间生物入侵研究的主要方向。Inter-regional biological invasion is a new concept,which is defined as the invasion of alien species from one region to another region within a country.Because of the intensive personnel-and goods flow and its difficulty to control,the inter-regional biological invasion is now very serious in China.Based on the cases of the inter-regional biological invasion at home and abroad,this paper analyzed the main pathways of the invasion and its dangers,and put forward some countermeasures.Alien species introduction,transportation,and anthropogenic disturbances are the main pathways of the inter-regional biological invasion,which can cause the native species extinction,genetic contamination,and biodiversity decrease,etc.Some future research directions on the inter-regional biological invasion in China,including climate change,South-to-North Water Diversion Project,and Cross-Straits exchanges,were proposed.国家自然科学基金项目(40671116);福建省自然科学基金重点项目(D0720002);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划;福建省高校新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项

Nitrogen mineralization and denitrification in bamboo riparian systems in Southeastern China

采用原位培养法和乙炔抑制-静态土柱培养法,对南方丘陵地区竹林河岸系统的矿化、反硝化作用进行了研究.结果表明,研究区土壤氮矿化速率为-0.28~0.30Mg·kg-1·d-1(以n计,下同),且与土壤含水量存在显著正相关(P河岸入口>河岸中部,并呈现出较大的时空差异.硝化和反硝化过程存在较强的耦合作用.较河岸区入口处和中部区而言,毗邻河道的河岸区的生物地球化学过程更为活跃.In situ nitrogen mineralization and denitrification rates in top soils are measured using soil core incubation methods and acetylene inhibition technique within a bamboo riparian system in Southeastern China.The results show that the net nitrogen mineralization rate ranges from-0.28 to 0.30 mg · kg-1 · d-1,and has an obvious positive correlation with soil moisture(p<0.05).The peak nitrogen mineralization rate occurs in the zones adjacent to the river.The soil ammonification and nitrification rates vary from-0.43 to 0.35 mg · kg-1 · d-1 and from-0.32 to 0.61 mg · kg-1 · d-1,respectively.Continuous incubations indicate that nitrification in surface soils could contribute as much as 24% to 80% of nitrate nitrogen content,accounting for 56%(in average) of the final nitrate nitrogen content of the soil.Denitrification rate ranges from 0.03 to 3.88 mg · m-2 · d-1,with high spatial and temporal variation.In addition,the peak denitrification rate happens in riverfront zones.As a result,stronger biogeochemistry processes are observed in the riparian zone adjacent to the river than those in the middle or cultivated field front,and nitrification and denitrification processes within the zone are closely coupled.国家自然科学基金项目(No.40671116;41175130);福建省自然科学基金重点项目(No.D0720002);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划;福建省高校新世纪优秀人才支持计划---

Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management in Canada.

介绍了加拿大森林可持续管理标准和指标的产生过程 ,详细介绍了该标准和指标的特点和其中的 6个标准、若干个要素、指标等 ,结合我国的实际分析了该标准和指标对我国可持续森林管理的启示和借鉴作用。The formation processes and the characteristics of the criteria and indicators (C&I) of sustainable forest management in Canada were described. Six criteria, several elements and indexes were introduced in detail. The apocalypse and the revelatory references that the Canadian Criteria and indicators could provide to China for a sustainable forest management have been analyzed on the bases of the Chinese situation.福建省重大课题基金!资助 项目号 98- Z- 17