类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家

Fiscal Competition Strategy Choice of Local Governments:Macro Tax Burden or Public Expenditure?

本文借助博弈模型从理论上探讨了包含多重竞争策略的政府竞争问题。我们导入了两种不同竞争策略:税率竞争和财政支出竞争,全面分析了政府财政竞争问题,并利用我国2006-2010年间的253个地级市相关数据,采用广义空间两阶段最小二乘法(gS2SlS)进行实证分析。结果表明政府间的竞争具有多样性和灵活性,例如,当相邻的地级市降低税率时,本地级市将试图通过降低税率或(和)提高公共支出水平来吸引流动资本。Using game theory model,this paper discusses the government competition of multiple competition strategies theoretically.In order to analyze local government competition comprehensively,two different competitive strategies are introduced in our model: tax rate competition and public expenditure competition.Then using GS2SLS regression,we have made a case study based on the data of China's 253 prefecture-level cities from 2006 to 2010.We find that government competition is diverse and flexible.For example,if neighbors decrease their tax rates,the government will try to restore competitiveness by lowering their tax rate and increasing public expenditure.福建省社科规划项目“我省积极稳妥推进城镇化战略研究”(项目批准号:2013C076)的阶段性成果; 福建省教育厅项目“福建省加快推进人力资本型城镇化问题的研究”的资助; 厦门大学经济学院国际经济与贸易系引进人才科研启动经费的支

Toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics and pyrene on Ruditapes philippinarum

The pollution of microplastics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine environment is increasingly serious. The toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics and pyrene on the clam Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated in this study. R. philippinarum was exposed to two polystyrene microplastics sizes (0.3 mum and 6 mum, 20 mug/L) and two pyrene concentrations (10 mug/L and 100 mug/L) for 21 days, respectively. For individuals in each treatment, physiological responses (condition index and clearance rate), immune defense and oxidative stress parameters were measured. It was found that except for the pyrene single exposure group, the clearance rate of R. philippinarum in the other exposure groups was significantly lower than that of the control group, but the two pollutants had no significant effect on the condition index of R. philippinarum. Exposure to microplastics and pyrene led to impaired immune function of R. philippinarum, manifested by increased hemocyte apoptosis and inhibited phagocytosis. The apoptosis rate of hemocytes in the exposure group with small size microplastics and high concentration pyrene was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the apoptosis rate of hemocytes in the combined exposure group was the highest. Except for the large size microplastic exposure group,the phagocytic activity of hemocytes in each exposure group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The antioxidant system of R. philippinarum could not remove the free radicals produced in the body in time,leading to oxidative damage in the body,which was manifested as the change of antioxidant enzyme activity and the increase of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content. The combined exposure of microplastics and pyrene significantly increased the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in gill tissues, and significantly decreased the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in digestive gland tissues. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) analysis showed that the stress caused by combined exposure on R. philippinarum was higher than that of the single exposure group