乳腺癌术后皮瓣坏死的预防对策

皮瓣坏死是乳腺癌术后最常见的并发症之一。国外报道其发生率为10%—60%,国内报道51%—71%不等[1],我科1990~1994年施行乳腺癌手术35例,发生皮瓣坏死15例,坏死率43%;1995年以来,改进了操作和处理方法后施行乳腺癌手术38例,未发生皮瓣坏死。报告如下

内蒙古大兴安岭南麓山区绵羊胰阔盘吸虫及中华双腔吸虫流行病学的调查

本调查研究发现在内蒙古大兴安岭南麓山区中亦普遍存在胰阔盘吸虫(Eurytrema pancreaticum)和中华双腔吸虫(Dicrocoelium chinensis)二病原。调查了共 11地点的羊队,此二吸虫的感染情况如下:浩特饲羊场:胰阔盘吸虫32％(16/50),中华双腔吸虫8％(4/50);扎旗种畜场:40％(6/15)、66.7％(10/15);突泉保石乡羊队:51.4％(19/37)、21.6％(8/37);中旗杜尔基苏木牧场:10％(1/10),30％(3/10);中旗杜尔基西里花牧场:50％(4/8),62.5％(5/8);前旗绿水种畜场:0(0/20),0(0/20);索伦马场公羊群:40％(2/5),60％(3/5);索伦马场三队:43.8％(7/16),25％(4/16);索伦马场二队:80

内蒙古大兴安岭南麓山区绵羊胰阔盘吸虫、中华双腔吸虫流行病学调查

内蒙古大兴安岭南麓山区绝大多数羊群均感染有胰阔盘吸虫(Eurytrema pancrea-ticum)和中华双腔吸虫(Dicrocoelium chinensis)。经调查前者染感率为10％～84％(平均43.9％),后者为8％～92％(平均33.5％)。以感染比较严重的突泉双城水库羊队的放牧地点进行流行病学调查。该山区此二吸虫的贝类宿主是枝小丽螺(Canesella virgo)。山上采获的蜗牛不多,胰阔盘吸虫感染率为6.18％,中华双腔吸虫为11.29％。山下草场蜗牛密度大,它们感染分别为2.8％和6.03％。胰阔盘吸虫昆虫宿主中华草螽(Conocephalus chinensis)主要捕获于山下草场,感染率为5.26％;中华双腔吸虫的昆虫宿主黑玉蚂蚁(Formica gagates),山上的1965只蚂蚁中检出144粒本吸虫囊蚴,山下草场397只蚂蚁中检出4751粒本吸虫囊蚴

宋代铜钱的金相分析

在中国货币史上,宋代铜钱数量之大,种类之多,制作之精良,都达到了高峰。近年来,赵匡华、华觉明等先生对其化学成分及铸造工艺进行了较深入的研究。本文选取部分有代表性的宋钱作了金相分析

Expression of ALCAM in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance

目的检测ALCAM在胃癌组织中表达的情况,探讨其与临床病理参数的关系及对胃癌预后的临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测61例胃癌组织中ALCAM的表达情况并分析ALCAM与胃癌临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果 ALCAM在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率明显高于癌旁组织,癌旁组织未见表达。TNM分期Ⅲ+Ⅳ期、伴淋巴结转移者癌组织中ALCAM表达明显高于对应组,而与患者的年龄、性别、术前CEA水平、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小无关。单因素分析显示术前TNM分期、淋巴结转移、分化程度、ALCAM与胃癌患者总生存期相关;COX风险模型提示TNM分期、淋巴结转移、ALCAM为胃癌总体生存时间预后的独立危险因素。结论 ALCAM可能参与胃癌发展的恶性进程,其高表达提示胃癌患者预后不良。Objective To investigate the expression of ALCAM in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance.Methods The different expression levels of ALCAM protein in gastric carcinoma and peritumoral tissues in 61 gastric carcinoma patients were determined by the immunohistochemistry method,respectively.The clinical significance of ALCAM was further explored.Results The ALCAM protein expression was significantly higher in the gastric carcinoma tissues than that in the perfumoral tissues.No ALCAM expression was shown in the perfumoral tissues.Further more,the expression of ALCAM protein in the gastric carcinoma tissues was higher in gastric carcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis,and with TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ and lymph node metastasis.The univariate analysis showed that preoperative TNM stage,lymph node metastasis,degree of differentiation,and the expression of ALCAM were significantly associated with the overall survival of patients with gastric carcinoma.The multivariate analysis showed that TNM stag,lymph node metastasis,and the expression of ALCAM were independent predictors of gastric cancer overall survival.Conclusion ALCAM may be involved in the malignant progression of gastric cancer,and the over-expression of ALCAM is associated with poor prognosis

中国始用硫化矿炼铜的一个线索

早期炼铜技术的研究,对于阐明先秦物质文化及社会发展有着重要意义。自然界存在的铜矿物已知有240多种,但目前有开采价值的仅10种,分为三类,即天然铜、氧化铜矿(赤铜矿、黑铜矿、蓝铜矿、孔雀石、硅孔雀石)和硫化铜矿(辉铜矿、铜蓝、黄铜矿、斑铜矿)。天然铜是稀少的,氧化铜矿都是由地质作用形成的次生矿,蕴藏量较小。所以,当铜合金被大量使用,铜矿采掘向深部拓展时,硫化矿之使用就是必然的。硫化铜矿须经焙烧、精选才能入炉熔炼,它的使用无疑是炼铜技术到达更高水准的一个标志