On the Rights and Obligations of Military Activities in the Exclusive Economic Zone

*李广义,西安政治学院军事法学系武装冲突法教研室教授。电子邮箱:mmm19880215 @yahoo.com.cn。 **万彬华,西安政治学院国际军事法专业研究生。 ***朱宏杰,西安政治学院国际军事法专业研究生。［文摘］世界主要海洋国为拓展其在沿海国专属经济区军事活动的自由空间,对《联合国海洋法公约》专属经济区有关规定,做出了自私性和扩大性解释。这是违背海洋法公约本意的。任何国家在沿海国专属经济区的军事活动,都是受限制的;军事活动必须体现“和平目的”和相互尊重合法权利;军事活动必须优先“适当顾及”沿海国的权利;在“剩余权利”的分配上,沿海国处于主导和优先地位。［Abstract］To justify the expansion of military activities onto the exclusive economic zone of coastal States,some of the world’s major maritime powers have adopted one-sided,extended interpretations over relevant provisions on the exclusive economic zone in UNCLOS,which go against the original intention of the Convention.According to this document,any military activity of any State in any exclusive economic zone of any coastal State shall be subject to restriction;any military activity must reflect“peaceful purposes”and mutual respect of legitimate rights;any military activity shall give“due regard”to the rights of coastal States;and in terms of allocating“residual rights”,coastal States shall occupy the dominant and preferential position

基于空间感知的旅游城市居民游憩忠诚度前因关系研究

公共游憩空间是承载居民日常游憩的主要空间,度量居民对公共游憩空间的忠诚度对改善居民游憩品质具有重要意义。该文以厦门城市居民为实证研究对象,以游憩环境感知与空间感知为潜变量,以游憩满意度为中介变量,通过结构方程模型方法验证、构建旅游城市居民游憩忠诚度前因关系模型。研究结果表明:(1)空间感知对游憩满意度具有正向显著的影响;(2)游憩满意度对游憩忠诚度具有正向显著的影响,且游憩满意度对空间感知和游憩忠诚度的影响关系具有正向显著的中介调节效果;(3)游憩环境感知与游憩忠诚度无显著的直接相关性,但可通过游憩满意度对游憩忠诚度产生间接影响。文章将空间感知引入游憩忠诚度的前因关系模型,在理论上完善了游憩忠诚度形成的动力机制,可作为旅游城市居民政策制定的参考依据。厦门市社会调查项目“厦门市公共游憩空间服务承载力研究”资助~

基于质谱技术分析补骨颗粒对软骨细胞蛋白质组学的影响

目的:通过定量观察补骨颗粒对大鼠膝关节软骨细胞蛋白质表达的影响,探讨补肾活血中药对软骨细胞的作用机制。方法:将软骨细胞经补骨颗粒含药血清传代培养后通过定量蛋白质组学串联质谱标签标记技术进行检测,使用Maxquant(v1.5.2.8)进行检索。选择UniProt-GOA数据库注释工具对差异蛋白进行基因功能聚类GO分析;采用KEGG在线服务工具KAAS对提交的蛋白进行注释,之后通过KEGG mapper将注释过的蛋白匹配入数据库相应的通路中进行检索分析;使用预测亚细胞定位的软件wolfpsort对所提交的蛋白进行亚细胞定位注释。结果:通过数据库检索,补骨颗粒含药血清及空白血清干预软骨细胞后共鉴定到5028个蛋白质,包含25 423个肽段,其中4297个蛋白质包含定量信息。以1.3倍为变化阈值,t检验中P <0.05为标准,空白血清组中163个蛋白表达发生上调,188个蛋白表达发生下调;补骨颗粒含药血清干预后有164个蛋白表达发生上调,58个蛋白表达发生下调。其中,具有生物学信息的目标差异蛋白有腺苷酸转位酶1、热休克蛋白27、肌浆/内质网钙ATP酶1、钠/钾转运ATP酶、果糖二磷酸醛缩酶A、3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶、磷酸甘油酸变位酶1、β-烯醇化酶、L-乳酸脱氢酶、糖原合成酶、肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1。结论:补骨颗粒能够影响软骨细胞的腺苷酸转位酶1、热休克蛋白27、醛缩酶A、β-烯醇化酶及肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1等表达,对于揭示软骨细胞的凋亡机制具有重要意义。福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2016J01597)福州市科技计划项目(2017-S-130-5

Effect of NaCl Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Two Manilkara Species Leaves

采用盆栽试验法,对铁线子属果树人心果[MAnIlkArA zAPOTA(l.)VAn rOyEn]和古巴牛乳树[MAnIlkArA rOXburgHIAnA(WIgHT)dubArd]进行nACl胁迫处理,测定叶片的叶绿素、超氧化物歧化酶(SOd)、过氧化物酶(POd)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白等指标及盆土的实际盐度。结果表明,人心果在盐度1.98‰以内、古巴牛乳树在盐度2.42‰以内没有盐害;在nACl胁迫下,两树种的叶绿素合成受到明显抑制;随着处理浓度增加,人心果叶片的SOd活性升高,各处理浓度下的活性都显著高于对照,但POd和CAT活性呈现先升后降趋势,古巴牛乳树叶片的CAT活性升高,但SOd和POd活性降低,三者活性在各处理浓度下都显著高于对照;人心果叶片的脯氨酸含量在各处理浓度均显著高于对照,可溶性蛋白含量在处理浓度为4‰及以上时显著高于对照,古巴牛乳树叶片的脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白在处理浓度为4‰及以上时显著高于对照,推测脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白作为渗透调节物质在人心果、古巴牛乳树受nACl胁迫过程中起着重要的作用。The physiological characteristics of Manilkara zapota(L.)van Royen and Manilkara roxburghiana(Wight)Dubard were studied by watering the potted plants with NaCl solution.The characteristics include chlorophyll,proline,soluble protein,SOD,POD,CAT and so on.The results showed that Manilkara zapota(L.)van Royen grew well below 1.98‰ NaCl stress condition,so did Manilkara roxburghiana(Wight)Dubard below 2.42‰ NaCl stress condition.Under NaCl stress,chlorophyll synthesis was significantly restricted;For Manilkara zapota(L.)van Royen,the activity of the SOD increased,however the activity of POD or CAT increased first and then dropped.The content of proline was higher significantly than that of the control,so did the content of soluble protein when the concentration of NaCl was between 4‰--8‰.For Manilkara roxburghiana(Wight)Dubard,the activity of CAT increased and that of SOD or POD decreased.The activities of the SOD,POD and CAT differed significantly from that of the control.The content of proline or soluble protein was higher than that of the control when the concentration of NaCl was between 4‰--8‰.The small organic molecules working as osmotic potentials in cells played a key role in salt tolerance for the two species.厦门市科技计划项目(No.3502Z20092023

Separation and identification of auraptene from grapefruit peel oil

橙油素是广泛存在于柑橘类果实中的天然抗癌活性成分。选用SP70大孔吸附树脂分离纯化葡萄柚精油中的橙油素,该树脂对于橙油素的吸附容量和解吸率分别达到14.53 Mg/g和83.32%,并成功地从树脂床层的洗脱液中结晶分离出橙油素晶体。对所得晶体分别采用差示扫描量热仪(dSC)、紫外吸收光谱(uV)、红外吸收光谱(Ir)、电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)进行定性分析,分析结果与橙油素标准品相符合。进一步采用高效液相色谱(HPlC)对所得晶体进行定量分析,结果表明所得晶体中橙油素的质量分数可达85%。Auraptene exists widely in the peels and juice sacs of citrus species and is reported to be an effective inhibitor of chemical carcinogenesis in some rodent models.The separation and purification of auraptene from the grapefruit peel oil was performed by SP70 macroporous resin adsorption.The amount adsorbed and the recovery of auraptene were 14.53 mg/g and 83.32% respectively.Auraptene was crystallized out from the concentrated eluate of macroporous resin bed successfully.Differential scanning calorimetric(DSC),ultraviolet spectrum(UV),infrared spectroscopy(IR) and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy(ESI-MS) were all used to analyze the obtained crystals qualitatively.The analytical results are in accordance with that of auraptene standard.Furthermore,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was utilized to quantify auraptene of the crystals obtained.The mass fraction of auraptene in the obtained crystals can reach 85%.福建省新世纪人才支持项目(0000-X04157

Mechanism of geniposide in improving free fatty acid metabolism in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

观察栀子苷改善非酒精性脂肪性肝病的效果,从游离脂肪酸探讨栀子苷调节非酒精性脂肪性肝病的作用机制。健康雄性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为4组:正常组、模型组、栀子苷组和血脂康组,每组大鼠10只,正常组大鼠给予正常大鼠饲料喂养,其余3组大鼠均采用高脂饲料喂养以诱导非酒精性脂肪性肝病,造模时间为8周,从第5周起至第8周末,栀子苷组和血脂康组分别灌服相应的药物。记录大鼠体重、肝湿重、脂肪质量;用相应方法检测肝组织TG,FFA,FAS,AMPK,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量,血清CHO,LDL-C的含量,血清AST,ALT的活性;观察肝脏组织肉眼及病理变化(HE染色法)。结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠的体重;肝湿重;脂肪重;血清CHO,LDL-C,ALT,AST;肝组织TG,FFA,FAS,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量皆显著升高(P<0.01);肝组织AMPK活性显著降低(P<0.01),肝组织肉眼外观及病理切片脂肪变性明显,并出现炎症损伤;与模型组相比,栀子苷组大鼠体重、脂肪质量、肝组织FFA含量、血清ALT,AST活性均显著降低(P<0.01),肝湿重,肝组织TG,FAS,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量明显降低(P<0.05),肝组织AMPK活性明显增多(P<0.05),肝脏肉眼外观及病理学表现均有所改善;与模型组相比,血脂康组大鼠的肝湿重、脂肪质量、肝组织TG,FFA和血清LDL-C水平明显降低(P<0.05);与血脂康组相比,栀子苷组大鼠的体重、脂肪质量、肝组织FFA含量均显著降低(P<0.01),其他方面无明显差异。结果表明,栀子苷具有显著的改善高脂饮食诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的药理效应;其改善大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的游离脂肪酸代谢是通过调节"AMPK-ACCase-Malonyl-Co A-FFA"轴来实现的。To observe the effect of geniposide on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease( NAFLD),and discuss the mechanism of geniposide for NAFLD from the aspect of free fatty acid,forty healthy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,geniposide and Xuezhikang group. The rats in normal group were fed with normal diets,and the rats in other 3 groups were given with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce the NAFLD models. From the week 5 to end of week 8,the rats in geniposide and Xuezhikang group were intervened with corresponding medicines. The body weight,liver wet weight,and fat weight of the rats were recorded.Visual and pathological changes in hepatic tissues were observed with HE staining. The contents of TG,FFA,FAS,AMPK,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A in hepatic tissue,contents of CHO and LDL-C in serum and activities of AST and ALT in serum were detected by using corresponding methods. The results showed that the body weight,liver wet weight,and fat weight of the rats,CHO,LDL-C,ALT and AST levels in serum,TG,FFA,FAS,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A levels in hepatic tissues of the rats in model group were significantly higher than those in normal group( P < 0. 01),while AMPK activity was significantly lower than that of the normal group( P < 0. 01),with obvious visual and pathological steatosis in hepatic tissues,and inflammatory injury occurred in model group. Compared with the model group,body weight of the rat,fat weight,levels of FFA in hepatic tissues,ALT and AST activities in serum,liver wet weight,TG,FAS,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A levels were significantly decreased in geniposide group( P < 0. 01),while the AMPK activity in hepatic tissues was significantly increased( P < 0. 05),with improvement in visual and pathological performance.Compared with the model group,liver wet weight,fat weight,TG and FFA levels in hepatic tissues,and LDL-C level in serum were significantly decreased in Xuezhikang group( P < 0. 05). Compared with Xuezhikang group,the body weight of rat,fat weight and FFA level in hepatic tissues were significantly lower in geniposide group( P < 0. 01),but with no significant difference in other aspects. These findings indicated that geniposide was highly effective in improving the pharmacological effect of NAFLD induced by highfat diet,and the mechanism was achieved through AMPK-ACCase-Malonyl-Co A-FFA axis.国家自然科学基金项目(81274155;81503529);; 福建省自然科学基金项目(2014J01374);; 福建省高等学校新世纪人才计划项目;; 厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20134020);; 福建省中医药科研项目(WZPW201308

桂枝芍药知母汤联合甲氨蝶呤治疗寒热错杂型类风湿关节炎41例临床观察

目的:观察桂枝芍药知母汤联合甲氨蝶呤治疗寒热错杂型类风湿关节炎的临床疗效和安全性。方法:将82例寒热错杂型活动期类风湿关节炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组41例。对照组口服甲氨蝶呤治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用桂枝芍药知母汤治疗,2组均根据疼痛程度酌情使用塞来昔布胶囊。2组均以12周为1个疗程。观察2组中医证候疗效、实验室指标及DAS28-ESR积分。结果:治疗组脱落1例,显效10例,有效28例,无效2例,总有效率为95.00%;对照组脱落2例,显效6例,有效18例,无效15例,总有效率为61.54%。2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。治疗后,2组患者C-反应蛋白、红细胞沉降率、类风湿因子、免疫球蛋白(Ig G、Ig A、Ig M)水平及DAS28-ESR积分较治疗前均明显降低(P <0.05),且治疗组低于对照组(P <0.05)。在塞来昔布胶囊使用的数量、天数及不良反应发生率方面,治疗组均明显少于对照组(P <0.05)。结论:桂枝芍药知母汤联合甲氨蝶呤治疗寒热错杂型活动期类风湿关节炎,能进一步改善患者实验室指标及关节功能,减轻疼痛,临床疗效与安全性更优。福建省卫生系统中青年骨干人才培养项目(2014-ZQN-JC-34

类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家