中美高校环境教育比较研究

通过比较中国和美国高校的环境教育模式,总结出网络课程教育与社区密切结合的实践教学两大特色,进而对我国高校环境教育体系中存在的专业和课程设置、学科建设提出建议。高校环境教育旨在培养能够推动整个社会环境教育的专业人才,高校学生作为实践生态文明建设的主力军,对未来促进环境教育中的公众参与机制起着重要作用[1]。美国的环境教育由于具备完善的法律体系、专业的人才培养项目和资金支持,为其推行实施提供良好的社会保障,美国高校的环境教育专业设置和师资培训较为完善,环境课程分布

新时代我国土壤环境规划思路初探

在我国生态文明建设大背景下,土壤环境污染问题正受到广泛关注。如何通过规划手段加强土壤污染防控和管治,已成为学术界和管理部门的共同关注点。本文结合《土壤污染防治行动计划》和《..

基底力学微环境对干细胞生物学功能的影响

目的:干细胞是一类没有分化的多潜能细胞,具有无限自我增殖和分化成多种细胞的能力。干细胞生长的生理微环境称为壁龛(niche),基底硬度、拓扑结构和三维尺寸等物理力学特征决定干细胞的命运。尽管越来越多的证据证明基底力学微环境对干细胞干性及分化具有重要影响,但基底硬度、拓扑结构和三维尺寸单因素及多因素耦合如何影响干细胞的特性及其分子机制还不够清楚。方法:为模拟体内干细胞生长力学微环境,考察不同基

Children's Educational Achievements:The Perspective of School Readiness

本研究旨在以回溯方式瞭解兒童過去的幼兒園經驗、家庭背景因素與兒童教育成就及其幼兒就學準備度之相關情形，並更進一步探討就學準備度對於目前學童在教育成就表現上的影響 本研究以問卷調查法進行研究，問卷調查樣本以立意取樣的方式選取臺北市文山區、萬華區與信義區之公立小學三年級兒童為研究對象，共387位，樣本回收162份，回收率為42%，可用樣本為133份，可用率為34%。研究工具主要分為三大部分，第一部分為瞭解兒童教育成就現況，分別使用兒童小三上學業成績與生活適應能力表現（自評問卷）做為替代指標；第二部份則以家長問卷的方式瞭解兒童個人與家庭背景現況；第三部份為蒐集兒童過去幼兒就學準備度的表現，使用兒童在小一上學期五個學習領域之成績做為替代指標。本研究所使用的統計方法包含描述性統計分析、交叉表（Crosstabs）與卡方檢定（Chi-square test）、皮爾森積差相關(Pearson’s product -moment correlation)、斯皮爾曼等級相關（Spearman's rank correlation）、t考驗（t- test）與多元階層迴歸分析(Multiple hierarchical regression analysis)方法進行分析。 根據分析結果歸納之結論如下： 一、過去就讀公私立幼兒園的兒童在教育成就表現上無顯著差異；二、就讀幼兒園年數與兒童教育成就無顯著相關；三、家庭社經地位與兒童學業成績有顯著正相關，與兒童生活適應能力則無顯著相關；四、小學時期家長參與與兒童教育無顯著相關情形，幼兒時期家長參與與兒童學業成績有顯著正相關，與兒童生活適應能力則無顯著相關；五、兒童教育成就與幼兒就學準備度有顯著正相關；六、「母親教育程度」、「幼兒就學準備度」與「生活適應能力」對兒童學業成績有顯著預測力，「學業成績」對兒童生活適應能力有顯著預測力；七、過去就讀公、私立幼兒園的兒童在幼兒就學準備度上無顯著差異；八、就讀幼兒園年數與幼兒就學準備度無顯著相關；九、家庭每月總收入與幼兒就學準備度有顯著正相關；十、幼兒時期家長參與與幼兒就學準備度有顯著正相關。 最後，本研究根據分析結果，俾供相關建議給家長、教育工作者、教育單位及未來欲從事相同主題之研究者。The main purpose of this study is to investigate children’s experience in kindergarten, their family’s background, educational achievements and school readiness by ex-post-factor research. This study tries to explore the relationship between children’s educational achievements and school readiness. By questionnaires investigation, researcher collects data from the third grade students in Wenshan, Wanhua, and Xinyi district in Taipei City. Out of 387 questionnaires handed out, 162 were returned, of which 29 were invalid or partially answered, resulting in a total of 133 effective surveys. There are three questionnaires in this study, including children’s educational achievements, parents’ socioeconomic background, and school readiness. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, Crosstabs, Chi-square test, Pearson’s product -moment correlation, Spearman's rank correlation, t- test, and multiple hierarchical regression analysis. Based on the statistics analysis of the questionnaire, the results of this study are as follow: A. There is no significant difference towards children’s educational achievements between public and private kindergarten. B. There is no significant correlation between children’s school year in kindergarten and children’s educational achievements. C. There is a significant and positive correlation between parent’s socioeconomic status and children’s academic achievement. D. There is a significant and positive correlation between parents’ participation in early childhood and children’s academic achievement. E. There is a significant and positive correlation between children’s educational achievements and school readiness. F. Mother’s education level, school readiness, and the ability of life adaptation are appropriate indicators in predicting children’s academic achievement. G. Children’s academic achievement is an appropriate indicator in predicting children’s ability of life adaptation. H. There is no significant difference towards school readiness between public and private kindergarten. I. There is no significant correlation between children’s school year in kindergarten and school readiness. J. There is a significant and positive correlation between family’s income and school readiness. K. There is a significant and positive correlation between parents’ participation in early childhood and school readiness

钢管混凝土叠合柱-H形钢梁外套筒式连接节点抗震性能试验与有限元研究

以钢管混凝土叠合柱为研究对象，设计了一种高强对穿螺栓连接的外套筒式梁柱节点。为了研究该新型节点的抗震性能和破坏机理，进行了3个缩尺比为1：2的节点拟静力试验。观察节点损伤过程及破坏模式，分析梁端荷载-位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线、节点延性及耗能能力，采用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型，研究套筒宽厚比和加强肋板厚度对节点抗震性能影响。试验及有限元研究结果表明：节点滞回曲线饱满，延性系数介于3.13~4.19之间，等效粘滞阻力系数介于0.211~0.296之间，节点域的变形和耗能能力较强；随着套筒厚度增加，核心区混凝土开裂减少，破坏截面由节点外移至梁端截面；减小套筒宽厚比和增大加强肋板厚度可以有效提高节点刚度。为保证外套筒式节点达到刚性节点要求，建议套筒宽厚比不大于25，加强肋板厚度不小于梁翼缘厚度

钢管混凝土叠合柱-H型钢梁外套筒式连接节点抗震性能试验与有限元研究

以钢管混凝土叠合柱为研究对象，设计了一种高强对穿螺栓连接的外套筒式梁柱节点。为了研究该新型节点的抗震性能和破坏机理，对3个缩尺比为1∶2的节点进行了拟静力试验。观察节点损伤过程及破坏模式，分析了梁端荷载-位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线、节点延性及耗能能力，采用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型，研究套筒宽厚比和加强肋板厚度对节点抗震性能影响。试验及有限元研究结果表明：节点滞回曲线饱满，延性系数介于3.13~4.19之间，等效黏滞阻尼系数介于0.211~0.296之间，节点域的变形较大且耗能能力较强；随着套筒厚度增大，核心区混凝土开裂减少，破坏位置由节点外移至梁端截面；减小套筒宽厚比和增大加强肋板厚度可以有效提高节点刚度。为保证外套筒式节点达到刚性节点要求，建议套筒宽厚比不大于25，加强肋板厚度不小于梁翼缘厚度

基于状态观测器的刮板链张力分布特性研究

针对链传动系统结构复杂以及刮板链张力分布分析困难的问题，基于状态观测器设计研究了刮板链的张力分布特性。利用Adams仿真软件构建刮板输送机的链传动虚拟样机模型，并基于有限元分析法建立了链传动系统的离散化数学模型，通过设计状态观测器实现对刮板链张力分布的估算，为刮板输送机的运行状态评估提供了有效依据

Nihongo no kiso I; Terjemahan bahasa Indonsia

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Gravity-Vector Induces Mechanical Remodeling of rMSCs via Combined Substrate Stiffness and Orientation

Distinct physical factors originating from the cellular microenvironment are crucial to the biological homeostasis of stem cells. While substrate stiffness and orientation are known to regulate the mechanical remodeling and fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) separately, it remains unclear how the two factors are combined to manipulate their mechanical stability under gravity vector. Here we quantified these combined effects by placing rat MSCs onto stiffness-varied poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates in upward (180 degrees), downward (0 degrees), or edge-on (90 degrees) orientation. Compared with those values onto glass coverslip, the nuclear longitudinal translocation, due to the density difference between the nucleus and the cytosol, was found to be lower at 0 degrees for 24 h and higher at 90 degrees for 24 and 72 h onto 2.5 MPa PDMS substrate. At 0 degrees, the cell was mechanically supported by remarkably reduced actin and dramatically enhanced vimentin expression. At 90 degrees, both enhanced actin and vimentin expression worked cooperatively to maintain cell stability. Specifically, perinuclear actin stress fibers with a large number, low anisotropy, and visible perinuclear vimentin cords were formed onto 2.5 MPa PDMS at 90 degrees for 72 h, supporting the orientation difference in nuclear translocation and global cytoskeleton expression. This orientation dependence tended to disappear onto softer PDMS, presenting distinctive features in nuclear translocation and cytoskeletal structures. Moreover, cellular morphology and focal adhesion were mainly affected by substrate stiffness, yielding a time course of increased spreading area at 24 h but decreased area at 72 h with a decrease of stiffness. Mechanistically, the cell tended to be stabilized onto these PDMS substrates via beta 1 integrin-focal adhesion complexes-actin mechanosensitive axis. These results provided an insight in understanding the combination of substrate stiffness and orientation in defining the mechanical stability of rMSCs