466 research outputs found

    从合子到种子──胚胎发生的基因调控

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    从合子极性与不对称分裂,胚胎发育格局的形成,胚分生组织发育,胚体、胚柄和胚乳发育的相互关系及胚的成熟和休眠等5个方面对基因调控胚胎发生的过程作了简要介绍

    Research of Artificial Neural Network Arithmetic Based on FPGA

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    [中文文摘]基于FPGA的神经网络实现方法已成为实际实时应用神经网络的一种途径。本文就十多年来基于FPGA的ANN实现作一个系统的总结,例举关键的技术问题,给出详细的数据分析,引用相关的最新研究成果,对不同的实现方法和思想进行讨论分析,并说明存在的问题以及改善方法,强调神经网络FPGA实现的发展方向和潜力及提出自己的想法。另外,还指出基于FPGA实现神经网络存在的瓶颈制约,最后对今后的研究趋势作出估计。[英文文摘]FPGA implementation of Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs)has been an approach of actual real-time neural network.This paper systematically reviews the progress that has been made in this research area over a decade,and lists the typical technology issues,shows detailed data analysis and newest research results,Simultaneously different implementation techniques and design are discussed,then existing problems and realizition constrains can be presented as well as improvement solutions,the development direction and potential of FPGA implement of ANN are proposed.Eventually future developments are expected.大学生创新性实验项目(2007年78号

    In situ dynamic tracking of heterogeneous nanocatalytic processes by shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

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    原位监测纳米催化反应过程对深入认识反应机理、设计高效催化剂具有重要意义。作为一种具有超高灵敏度的表面分析技术,表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)是可提供反应过程中催化剂表面吸附物种的丰富信息。然而,仅有Au、Ag、Cu等少数金属在形成特定纳米结构时才能提供较强的拉曼增强,且它们会对催化剂的性质及反应过程产生严重干扰。这就极大地限制了SERS在实际多相催化体系中的应用。鉴于此,该论文发展了一种利用壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱原位监测纳米催化过程的方法。通过将纳米催化剂组装于壳层隔绝纳米粒子表面,形成SHIENRS卫星结构,利用内核Au纳米粒子增强催化剂表面的拉曼信号,SiO2壳层隔绝Au对催化剂及反应的影响,从而直接获得了纳米催化剂表面物种的真实信息。利用这种SHINERS卫星策略,他们实现了CO氧化反应的原位监测,直接观测到了反应条件下催化剂表面吸附物种。并结合DFT计算,对反应机理进行了阐述。该研究表明SHINERS卫星策略可作为原位跟踪催化反应过程的有效方法,为纳米催化的原位研究提供了一种新的思路。 同时,我校也将在今年12月5-9日举办表面增强拉曼光谱国际会议(International Conference on SERS),讨论SERS领域的最新进展。会议期间,SERS领域的先驱与权威Richard P. Van Duyne、Martin Moskovits、Andreas Otto以及相关学科的顶级学者Peter G. Bruce、Stefan A. Maier等将作大会报告(会议官方网站http://sers2017.xmu.edu.cn/)。【Abstract】Surface molecular information acquired in situ from a catalytic process can greatly promote the rational design of highly efficient catalysts by revealing structure-activity relationships and reaction mechanisms. Raman spectroscopy can provide this rich structural information, but normal Raman is not sensitive enough to detect trace active species adsorbed on the surface of catalysts. Here we develop a general method for in situ monitoring of heterogeneous catalytic processes through shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) satellite nanocomposites (Au-core silica-shell nanocatalyst-satellite structures), which are stable and have extremely high surface Raman sensitivity. By combining operando SHINERS with density functional theory calculations, we identify the working mechanisms for CO oxidation over PtFe and Pd nanocatalysts, which are typical low- and high-temperature catalysts, respectively. Active species, such as surface oxides, superoxide/peroxide species and Pd–C/Pt–C bonds are directly observed during the reactions. We demonstrate that in situ SHINERS can provide a deep understanding of the fundamental concepts of catalysis.This work was supported by the NSFC (21522508, 21427813, 21373167, 21521004, 21573178 and 21673187), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2016A030308012), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20720150039 and 20720160046), ‘111’Project (B16029), and the Thousand Youth Talents Plan of China。 研究工作得到国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金、谱学分析创新研究群体和青年千人计划等资助

    First-Principles Study of Effect of Strain on the Band Structure of ZnO Monolayer

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    采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算对单层znO薄膜能带结构的应变调控进行了研究.计算结果表明:沿着之字形方向的压缩应变和扶椅形方向的拉伸应变对薄膜带隙的调控都是线性的,而且带隙调控的范围最大;相反地,在沿着之字形方向的拉伸应变和扶椅形方向的压缩应变的调控下,带隙则呈现出非线性的变化.对于双轴应变的拉伸与压缩,带隙的变化都是非线性的.这种通过不同的应变加载方式来实现对带隙不同程度的调控,对znO薄膜在光学和催化等领域的应用具有重要的指导意义.The effect of strain on the band structure of the ZnO monolayer has been investigated by firstprinciples calculations based on density functional theory.The results reveal that the band structure of the ZnO monolayer presents different dependences on three types of strain.The band gap linearly and steeply varies under uniaxial zigzag compressive strain and armchair tensile strain, while it shows nonlinear dependence on the other types of strain.Therefore, uniaxial zigzag compressive strain and armchair tensile strain should be the most effective to tune the band gap.This work has significant implications for application of strain to tune the optical and catalytic properties of ZnO nanofilms.国家自然科学基金(10702056;11204252); 四川省教育厅(12ZA072)资助项目~

    Traumatic superficial temporal artery aneurysm:analysis of 7 cases

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    目的探讨外伤性颞浅动脉瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析7例外伤性颞浅动脉的临床表现、手术方法和治疗结果。所有病例均因外伤后额部或颞部进行性增大肿物就诊,无颞浅动脉瘤破裂出血病例,全部病例在局部麻醉下切除动脉瘤囊肿,其中1例为分叉部梭形动脉瘤。结果病理报告均为假性动脉瘤,动脉外膜存在。无术后头皮缺血、坏死发生。结论根据外伤史、颞浅动脉走行上搏动性肿物的特点,颞浅动脉瘤即可明确诊断。动脉壁中膜弹力层断裂,局部因动脉血流搏动冲击膨出形成可能是颞浅动脉瘤形成的另一个机制。动脉瘤切除术是治疗颞浅动脉瘤的有效方法。Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment for traumatic superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm.Methods Clinical manifestations, operation and prognosis of 7 patients with traumatic superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm were analyzed retrospectively.There was the same complaint of progressive swelling mass on the frontal or temporal area post brunt injury, but no complaint of rupture of the aneurysm in all the patients.All the patients underwent resections of the aneurysm capsule under local anesthesia, including one fusiform aneurysm at the bifurcation of the superficial temporal artery in 1 case.Results All the cases were pseudoaneurysm with intact outlayer of the artery.There was no complication of scalp ischemia or necrosis.Conclusion Traumatic superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm can be diagnosed according to the history of head injury and progressive pulsatile swelling or mass on the line of the superficial temporal artery.It may be another mechanism of forming pseudoaneurysm that breakdown of the elastic layer in the tunica media of the arterial wall and beating of arterial blood flow arterial lead to lumen enlargement on the local point.Resection of the aneurysm is an effective way of the treatment

    口服益生菌改善铝诱发的小鼠海马炎症

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    【目的】探讨口服益生菌能否改善铝暴露诱发的小鼠海马炎症。【方法】通过给予小鼠口服氯化铝,建立海马炎症模型,将24只8周龄雄性小鼠C57BL/6随机分成对照(CON)组、氯化铝处理(Al)组、益生菌处理(PO)组和联合处理(Al+PO)组,每组各6只,分别持续给予口服氯化铝和(或)益生菌6周。海马神经炎症的评估,采用免疫荧光染色法检测小鼠海马组织中激活的小胶质细胞(Iba-1+/CD68+)数量以及脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的表达量,酶联免疫吸附测定法检测血清和海马组织中白介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量。【结果】免疫荧光染色法研究结果显示:与CON组相比,Al组海马组织中Iba-1+/CD68+细胞数量显著增加(<0.01),而BDNF表达量显著减少(<0.01);与Al组相比,Al+PO组海马组织中Iba-1+/CD68+细胞数量显著减少(<0.01),而BDNF表达量增加(<0.01)。酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)研究结果显示:与CON组相比,Al组血清和海马组织中的IL-1β和TNF-α含量均有显著增加(<0.01);与Al组相比,Al+PO组血清IL-1β含量显著减少(<0.01),海马组织中的IL-1β和TNF-α含量均显著减少(<0.01)。【结论】口服益生菌可改善铝暴露诱发的小鼠海马炎症

    亚硫酸氢钠在马铃薯切片过程中防褐变作用机理的研究

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    多酚氧化酶(PPO)是蔬果酶促褐变的关键酶,抑制该酶活性是防止蔬果褐变的有效措施.在实验中发现NaHSO3对马铃薯PPO具有显著的抑制作用及在马铃薯切片护色中具有防褐变功能.实验结果表明:马铃薯PPO催化L-多巴形成的褐变物质在475 nm波长处有特征性的吸收峰,并且该吸收峰随着NaHSO3浓度的增加明显降低.NaHSO3的抑制作用表现为不可逆效应,既可以延长酶促反应的迟滞时间,也降低了稳态的酶活力.当NaHSO3浓度增至0.12 mmol/L时,酶促反应的迟滞时间从0延长至56 s,稳态的酶活力下降了35.5%.在马铃薯切片保鲜实验中,对照组在第3天褐变指数达到2,第6天已经完全褐变,而50 mmol/L NaHSO3处理的实验组在第6天褐变指数仅为0.6,有效遏制了马铃薯切片的酶促褐变,实验显示,NaHSO3通过抑制马铃薯PPO活力实现防褐变的效应

    人脐血单个核细胞移植对大鼠急性心肌梗死后血管再生的作用

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    [目的]探讨人脐血单个核细胞移植对急性心肌梗死后血管再生的作用.[方法]雄性Wistar大鼠60只随机分为对照组(心肌梗死)和移植组(心肌梗死+细胞移植)各30只.结扎冠状动脉左前降支制作大鼠急性心肌梗死模型,以羟乙基淀粉沉淀加密度梯度离心的方法制备人脐血单个核细胞,并以5-溴脱氧尿核苷(BrdU)标记细胞.移植组大鼠模型制作成功后即在梗死区周边注射经分离并标记的人脐血单个核细胞混悬液(2×10^5/μL),在对照组相同位置注入等量达尔伯克必需培养基(DMEM).移植4周后用左心导管检测血流动力学改变,并取心脏组织行抗第Ⅷ因子(vWF)和BrdU免疫组化染色,观察毛细血管密度、移植细胞成活情况.并分别在移植后第4天、第7天、第14天、第28天取梗死周边区组织作血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)RT-PCR的半定量研究.[结果]移植组移植的单个核细胞可在梗死心肌内存活.移植组比对照组心功能明显改善,左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)明显降低(21.08±8.10)mmHg vs(30.82±9.59)mmHg,P<0.05;左心室内压力最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)明显增快(4.29±1.27)mmHg/ms vs(3.24±0.75)mmHg/ms,P<0.05;最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)亦显著提高(3.71±0.79)mmHg/ms vs(3.00±0.49)mmHg/ms,P<0.05.移植组梗死区周边毛细血管数显著增加(5.7±0.3)/HP vs(2.3±0.4)/HP,P<0.01.VEGF mRNA表达在移植组于第7天明显增加,并持续至第28天,对照组于第4天及第7天可见少量表达,第14天与第28天明显减弱,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).[结论]人脐血干细胞在未使用免疫抑制剂的条件下可成功移植到大鼠急性心肌梗死区,改善急性心肌梗死大鼠心功能,促进新生血管形成

    低浓度三氯乙烯诱发L-02 肝细胞蛋白质组异常表达

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    【: 目的】研究低剂量三氯乙烯对人 L-02 肝细胞蛋白质表达谱的影响, 以助于阐明三氯乙烯引起细 胞早期应答反应的分子机制。【方法】L-02 肝细胞暴露于低剂量( 3 μmol/L) 三氯乙烯24 h 后, 提取细胞总蛋 白, 双向电泳分离蛋白质, 软件分析凝胶图像, 基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间串联质谱(MALDI-TOF-TOFMS) 对相关异常变化斑点进行鉴定。【结果】和对照组比较, 低剂量三氯乙烯处理后L-02 肝细胞蛋白质表达发 生改变, 初步鉴定出7 个差异蛋白。低剂量三氯乙烯刺激后, 上调的蛋白有核糖体样蛋白( similar to ribosomal protein) 和SET protein, 下调的蛋白有异柠檬酸脱氢酶( isocitrate dehydrogenase, NADP) 和腺苷二磷酸- 核糖基 化因子鸟苷酸因子6 ( ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide factor 6) , 微管- 肌动蛋白交叉连接因子1 (microtubule-actin crosslinking factor 1) 特异表达, 肽基脯氨酰顺- 反异构酶PPI ( peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase) 缺失。【结论】低剂量的三氯乙烯处理后, L-02 肝细胞中的蛋白表达谱发生明显变化, 这为三氯乙烯 毒作用机制的进一步研究提供了线索
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