关于我国建立环境责任保险制度的再思考

近来全国范围内的空气污染、雾霾天气,使治理环境污染成为今年两会的热点话题,建立实质意义上的环境责任保险制度迫在眉睫。由于环境责任保险具有技术要求高、赔偿责任大等特点,以及我国相关的立法不完善、制度的缺失、保险公司分散自身风险渠道不足和国内保险公司的学习精神不足等问题,造成我国环境责任保险虽有试点推出,但自身却发展不够理想。本文通过分析环境责任保险在我国的发展现状及掣肘原因,结合国外的优势经验,进而探讨我国环境责任保险制度建立的可行性和必要性

A method of coastal ecological security management and its application

论述了海岸带生态安全管理的内涵,提出战略环境评价作为一种海岸带生态安全管理的方法,是有效的辅助决策工具,分析了面向海岸带生态安全管理的战略环境评价的对象、主要内容与范围以及评价方法,介绍了自然资源可持续利用评价的一种方法———资源定位法。并以象山港作为实例研究,运用资源定位法进行战略环境评价,评价结果表明象山港的主导功能应是水产养殖,同时兼顾滨海旅游是最佳的选择,港口建设应以小型的民用码头为主。The connotation of the management of coastal ecological security is discussed.Strategic Environmental Assessment is put forward as a method of the management of coastal ecological security which is an effective tool for assistant decision making.The object,main content and range as well as assessment method of Strategic Environmental Assessment are analyzed facing to management of coastal ecological security,and the resources-oriented method is introduced as a assessment method for resource sustainable utilization.By taking Xiangshan Harbor as a case study,the resource-oriented method is applied to the Strategic Environmental Assessment for managing the coastal ecological security of Xiangshan Harbor.Te result shows the main function of resource utilization in Xiangshan Harbor should be aquaculture with compromising the coastal tourism.The port should be constructed to commercial wharf in pocket size.福建省自然科学基金项目(D044005

STUDY ON ADSORPTION OF A BACILLUS STRAIN TO CADMIUM AND COPPER

从土壤中分离并纯化获得1株芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)。通过该菌菌液对Cd2+和Cu2+的吸附实验,探讨了该菌株对上述2种重金属离子的吸附特性。结果表明:该菌株对2种重金属离子都有较强的吸附能力,但对Cu2+的吸附能力比对Cd2+强;其吸附行为可以用Langmu ir和Freund lich吸附方程描述,但更符合Freund lich吸附方程。与此同时,研究还考察了吸附条件的影响,并获得了最佳的吸附实验条件。A bacteria strain was separated and purified from the soil and identified as Bacillus.In an adsorption experiment,its biosorption characteristics to Cd~(2+) and Cu~(2+) were studied.The strain was shown to have a strong adsorptive capacity to the above two metal ions,with a stronger adsorptive capacity to copper ions than to cadmium ions.Its adsorption behavior could be described by either the Langmuir adsorption equation or the Freundlich adsorption equation,the latter equation being the better.The effect of experimental conditions on adsorption was examined and the optimum experimental conditions were identified

聚乙烯醇超选择性栓塞子宫动脉治疗子宫肌瘤

【目的】探讨聚乙烯醇超选择性栓塞子宫动脉治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。【方法】收集22 例子宫 动脉栓塞术治疗肌瘤的患者, 观察临床表现。【结果】① 患者子宫体积均数、肌瘤体积均数在栓塞术前后变化 有统计学的差异( P0.05) 。③ 患者月经 量在栓塞术前后变化有统计学差异( P< 0.05) 。【结论】① 本疗法能有效地缩小子宫和肌瘤的体积; 改善月经 过多等临床症状。②本疗法对近期卵巢体积影响不大。③ 本疗法近期疗效良好, 远期效果有待进一步的研究。 ④ 本疗法有一定的副作用和并发症, 应加以重视

Developments and Applications of Paper-based Microfluidics

纸芯片微流控技术是一种新型微流控技术。相比于以玻璃、石英、高聚物等为基底的传统微流控芯片,纸芯片具有成本低、易操作、可携带、耗样量小等优点。该文介绍了纸芯片的发展及常用的制作方法,并举例说明了光度法、荧光法、化学发光及电化学发光法和电化学法在纸芯片检测中的应用;归纳了纸芯片技术在临床诊断、环境监控以及食品安全分析等方面的应用;最后对纸芯片微流控的应用前景进行了展望。Paper-based microfluidics stand out as a new class of microfluidic technology,and present distinguishing features such as low cost,ease of use,portability,and low reagent consumption compared with the conventional microfluidic devices.In this paper,the development of μPADs was first introduced,and the common fabrication techniques were presented.Then the methods for quantitative analysis on μPADs were summarized including colorimetry,fluorescence,chemiluminescence,electrochemiluminescence and electrochemistry with their applications in clinical diagnostics,environmental monitoring as well as food quality control.Finally,the potential and future outlooks ofμPADs were discussed.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB732402;2013CB933703); 国家自然科学基金项目(91313302;21205100;21275122); 国家杰出青年科学基金项目(21325522

Determination of Lead Content in Standard Materials of Lake Sediment and Tea by ID-ICP-MS

采用2种微波消解体系(HNO3-H2O2和HNO3-H2O2-HF)及3种定量模式(同位素稀释法、标准工作曲线法和标准加入法),对沉积物和茶叶标准物质中的铅进行测定,结果表明:同位素稀释质谱法的各项检测指标显著优于其它两种定量模式(茶叶中铅含量测定值为4.30μg/g),标准加入法次之(3.75μg/g),标准工作曲线法较差(3.61μg/g)。二种微波消解体系中,加HF酸优于不加HF酸,不加HF,茶叶中铅的回收率仅有89%,加入HF则上升为98%。Three different quantitative modes,namely external calibration,standard addition and isotope diluˉtion were compared for the determination of lead contents in lake sediment and tea standard materials with two digestion systems.The results showed that the isotope dilution gave the highest accuracy and precision in comˉparison with the other two modes.But the results were affected by the digestion system.For example,the reˉcoveries of lead content for tea were98%and89%for HNO 3 -H 2 O 2 -HF and HNO 3 -H 2 O 2 digesting sysˉtem,respectively.福建省重大科技项目子课题(2003Y005-04);; 厦门大学现代分析科学教育部重点实验室开放课题(B40402

低温胁迫对长苞铁杉幼苗的生理影响

经模拟低温(-12、-8、-4、0、4℃)胁迫处理后,长苞铁杉幼苗叶片和根系相关生理指标均发生明显变化.随着温度降低,叶片光合色素含量增加,但反映光合活性强弱的Chla/Chlb降低;叶片中渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量增加,呈极显著正相关(r=0.804,p<0.01),根系中可溶性糖含量的减少说明根对低温胁迫的渗透调节更依赖于脯氨酸的累积.幼苗在-4℃及更低温度胁迫下受到严重的冻害使SOD活性持续下降,叶片中POD活性与SOD活性变化呈极显著负相关(r=-0.908,p<0.01),但根系中POD活性与SOD活性没有相关性,说明长苞铁杉幼苗对抗外界胁迫机理的复杂性.叶片MDA含量比根系低可能与叶片中Car能缓解1O2对细胞的伤害有关

Real-space imaging with pattern recognition of a ligand-protected Ag374 nanocluster at sub-molecular resolution

厦门大学化学化工学院郑南峰教授团队长期致力于研究固体功能材料的表界面化学行为，在分子水平上实现对固体功能材料的化学性能的调控与优化。得益于固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室的多学科合作以及能源材料化学协同创新中心的多单位优势互补，郑南峰教授课题组通过与校内外多个课题组的密切合作，近期在功能材料的可控制备、复杂表界面结构的高分辨表征和表界面过程分子机制的深入理解等方面取得系列重要进展，相关成果近期均在Nature Communications发表。 针对纳米颗粒表面配体难被高分辨直接成像的特点，与厦门大学郑兰荪、谢兆雄等教授以及中科院大连化物所杨学明研究员、马志博副研究员和芬兰于韦斯屈莱大学HannuHäkkinen教授等多个团队紧密合作，在利用扫描隧道显微镜表征金属纳米团簇的表面配体层结构方面取得重要进展。以原子结构精确的 Ag374纳米团簇为研究对象，利用超高真空扫描隧道显微镜分别在液氦及液氮温度下获得了单个团簇亚分子高分辨率的拓扑图像。【Abstract】High-resolution real-space imaging of nanoparticle surfaces is desirable for better understanding of surface composition and morphology, molecular interactions at the surface, and nanoparticle chemical functionality in its environment. However, achieving molecular or sub-molecular resolution has proven to be very challenging, due to highly curved nanoparticle surfaces and often insufficient knowledge of the monolayer composition. Here, we demonstrate sub-molecular resolution in scanning tunneling microscopy imaging of thiol monolayer of a 5 nm nanoparticle Ag374 protected by tert-butyl benzene thiol. The experimental data is confirmed by comparisons through a pattern recognition algorithm to simulated topography images from density functional theory using the known total structure of the Ag374 nanocluster. Our work demonstrates a working methodology for investigations of structure and composition of organic monolayers on curved nanoparticle surfaces, which helps designing functionalities for nanoparticle-based applications.The experimental work done in Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, was supported both by Xiamen University (The National Key R&D Program of China grant 2017YFA0207302, National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant 21731005, 21420102001 and 21721001 the National Key R&D Program of China grant 2017YFA0207302) and DICP (National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 21688102, the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science, grant XDB17000000, the National Key Research and Development Program of the MOST of China, grant 2016YFA0200603 and the open fund of the state key laboratory of molecular reaction dynamics in DICP, CAS, grant SKLMRD-K201707). Q.Z. thanks Dr. Huayan Yang for providing the samples for STM imaging. S.M. and H.H. thank T. Kärkkäinen and P. Nieminen for discussions on pattern recognition algorithms. The theoretical and computational work in the University of Jyväskylä was funded by the Academy of Finland (grants 294217, 315549, AIPSE program, and H.H.’s Academy Professorship). H.H. acknowledges the support from China’s National Innovation and Intelligence Introduction Base visitor program. S.K. thanks the Vilho, Yrjö, and Kalle Väisälä Foundation for the grant for doctoral studies. The DFT simulations were done at the Finnish national supercomputing center CSC and at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (PRACE project “NANOMETALS”). 研究工作得到了科技部、国家自然科学基金委和教育部，中科院先导项目，国家重点研发计划，分子反应动力学国家重点实验室开放课题基金等项目的资助