Photosynthetic capacity of three common species of macroalgae and the application in coral aquarium

利用水下饱和脉冲调制叶绿素荧光仪(dIVIng-PAM)测定了珊瑚养殖水处理中3种常见大型海藻石莼(ulVA lACTuCA)、条浒苔(EnTErOMOrPHA ClATHrATA)和羽状蕨藻(CAulErPA MEXICAnA)光能转化效率(fV/fM),快速光曲线(rlC)相关参数和非光化学淬灭(nPQ)。结果表明:石莼和条浒苔的fV/fM分别为0.808±0.004和0.816±0.009,显著高于羽状蕨藻。最大相对电子传递速率rETrMAX(17.52±2.92和19.59±4.43μMOl E·M-2·S-1)、半饱和光强Ik(53.41±8.18和59.71±13.52μMOl PHOTOnS·M-2·S-1)也明显高于羽状蕨藻(rETrMAX和Ik分别为13.72±5.41μMOl E·M-2·S-1和32.67±14.06μMOl PHOTOnS·M-2·S-1),表明石莼和条浒苔有着比羽状蕨藻更高的光合能力和对强光的耐受能力,光保护能力更强;羽状蕨藻较高的rlC初始斜率α表明其在弱光下拥有更强的光捕获能力,弱光下光合效率更高;随光照的增强(0~373μMOl PHOTOnS·M-2·S-1),羽状蕨藻nPQ的增幅有限(0~0.2),最大值仅为条浒苔和石莼的38.1%和62.5%,表明这种藻类更容易受到强光的抑制。因此,在珊瑚养殖的水处理中,可以根据不同的光照选择适宜的藻种或藻种组合并根据光梯度进行布局,反之也可以根据藻种来选择合适的光源,以达到最佳的处理效率。This study investigated the difference of photosynthetic capacity in three macroalgae species( Ulva lactuca,Enteromorpha clathrata,and Caulerpa mexicana) commonly used for nutrient removal in coral aquariums.The photochemical efficiency( Fv/Fm),parameters relevant to rapid light curve( RLC) and non-photochemical quenching( NPQ) in the macroalgae were measured by underwater saturation pulse modulated chlorophyll fluorometer( Diving-PAM).The results showed that Fv/Fmwas 0.808 ± 0.004 for U.lactuca and 0.816 ± 0.009 for E.clathrata,which were higher than that for C.mexicana.Higher maximum relative electron transfer rates( rETRmax)( 17.52 ±2.92 and 19.59 ±4.43 μmol e·m- 2·s- 1) and half-starved value of light intensities( Ik)( 53.41 ±8.18 and 59.71 ±13.52 μmol photons·m- 2·s- 1) were observed in U.lactuca and E.clathrata than that in C.mexicana( 13.72 ± 5.41 μmol e·m- 2·s- 1for rETRmaxand 32.67 ± 14.06 μmol photons·m- 2·s- 1for Ik),indicating that U.lactuca and E.clathrata have stronger photosynthetic capacities,photo-protection capacities and tolerance to higher intense light than C.mexicana.A significantly lower RLC initial slope α in C.mexicana implied that this algal species has a higher photosynthetic capacity under weak light condition.With increasing the light intensity( 0- 373 μmol photons·m- 2·s- 1),however,C.mexicana had a limited increase of NPQ( 0- 0.2),the maximum of which was equivalent to 38.1% of that in U.lactuca and 62.5% of that in E.clathrata.These results indicate that the photosynthesis of E.clathrata may be more easily limited by intense light.Our study suggests that the selection of algal species for nutrient removal in a coral aquarium should be adapted to the light intensity.Single species or the combination of different species of macroalgae can be selected according to the illumination of the coral aquarium in order to maximize the efficiency of nutrient removal.国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务项目(海三科2011033); 厦门海洋研究开发院共建项目; 海洋公益性行业科研项目(201105012)资

Low temperature electrolytes for Li-MnO_2 batteries

研究了电解质盐为lIClO4的一系列新型电解液体系,在-40~25℃温度区间内,测定了各体系的离子电导率,并进行比较。选择电导率较好的1MOl/llIClO4/PC/MA(1∶3)电解液体系组装成扣式lI-MnO2电池,进行常温和低温放电性能的测试,并与使用常用电解液体系1MOl/llIPf6/EC/dMC(1∶1)及1MOl/llIClO4/PC/dME/dOl(1∶1∶1)的lI-MnO2的常温和低温放电性能进行了比较。探讨了电解液低温电导率提高的机理,特别是线性羧酸酯的加入对电解液低温电导率和放电性能的影响。In this paper, ionic conductivity of a series of LiClO4-based electrolytes was measured from-40 ℃ to 25 ℃.A comparison of the discharge performance of Li-MnO2 batteries which used different electrolytes including 1 mol/L LiClO4/PC/MA(1∶3), 1 mol/L LiClO4/PC/DME/DOL(1∶1∶1) and 1 mol/L LiPF6/EC/DMC(1∶1) was made.It is found that the electrolyte:1 mol/L LiClO4/PC/MA(1∶3), shows good ionic conductivity both at room temperature and low temperatures.Moreover, the mechanisms of improving the low temperature conductivity of the electrolytes and particularly, the effects of adding linear carboxylate on the conductivity and discharge performance were discussed

Synthesis optimization,characterization and electrochemical performance of Li[Li_(0.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)]O_2 as cathode material of lithium ion battery

采用共沉淀法合成锂离子电池用富锂正极材料lI[lI0.2Mn0.54nI0.13CO0.13]O2。通过X射线衍射光谱法(Xrd)、扫描电子显微镜法(SEM)和电池充放电测试方法来考察高温烧结时间和烧结温度对所合成材料的结构和性能的影响。结果表明:900℃烧结15 H合成的样品材料具有较好的层状结构和较优越的综合电化学性能;在1.0 C充放电时,首次放电比容量高达181.6 MAH/g(2.0~4.6 V),充放电效率为68.2%,80圈循环后的放电比容量为176.5 MAH/g,具有较高的容量保持率(97.2%);同时,该富锂正极材料表现出较好的倍率性能,在3.0 C充放电时还有148.8 MAH/g的放电比容量。The conditions of sintering time and sintering temperature were optimized to prepare the cathode material Li [Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 with co-precipitation method.The prepared materials were characterized and tested by means of XRD,SEM and electrochemical measurements.It is found that the material synthesized by sintering at 900 ℃ for 15 h exhibits the best electrochemical performance,including high initial discharge capacity & coulombic efficiency and good cycling stability in the first 80 charge/discharge cycles at 1.0 C rate in comparison with materials synthesized under other conditions.Meanwhile,the material synthesized at the optimized condition also shows good rate capability,delivering high specific discharge capacity of 148.8 mAh/g at 3.0 C.深港创新圈合作项目(SG200810200106A

STUDY ON THE LITFSI-BASED ELECTROLYTES FOR Li/MnO_2 BATTERIES

为改善lI/MnO2电池的低温放电性能,制备了一系列新型lITfSI系电解液,并且溶剂中加入适量乙酸甲酯.研究结果表明,电解液lITfSI(1 MOl/l)/PC∶dME∶EC∶MA是一种较好的体系.To improve the discharge performance of Li/MnO2 batteries at low temperatures,a series of new LiTFSI-based electrolytes were prepared.The methyl acetate was added into the mixed solvent.The experiments indicate that the LiTFSI(1 mol/L)PC∶DME∶EC∶MA(1∶1∶1∶3) is a good electrolyte

数字微流控技术及其在生物分析中的应用

数字微流控技术是一种基于微电极阵列来实现离散液滴精确控制的新型液滴操纵技术。这种基于介电润湿现象实现的液滴电操纵体系,相比于传统微流控芯片具有自动化、可寻址、可动态配置、易集成等特点。该文介绍了数字微流控技术液滴驱动原理,总结了芯片的结构和常用的制作方法,举例阐述了现阶段该技术在生物分析化学领域的应用,并对其应用前景做了展望。国家自然科学基金资助项目(21735004,21435004,21775128,21705024,21521004);;长江学者和创新研究团队项目(IRT13036

SPECIATION ANALYSIS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN GANODERMA ATRUM

研究黑灵芝中微量元素含量及溶出特性对黑灵芝质量控制、灵芝产品的合理开发利用有重要作用。用ICP-MS法同时测定黑灵芝中十余种微量元素的初级形态含量及分布,考察了黑灵芝中微量元素在不同极性溶剂中的浸出率,并通过国家一级标准物质验证了分析结果的准确性。结果表明,随着溶剂极性增大,大部分元素的溶出率增大。水提取黑灵芝,铜、锰、铁、锌等元素的提取率均小于40%,对黑灵芝样品进行了加标回收试验,回收率在88.2%~110.6%。It is important to study the trace element contents and transference characteristics and element speciation in the extract of Ganoderma atrum for the quality control and reasonable exploitation. In this experiment the contents and speciation of more than ten elements in Ganoderma atrum were simultaneously determined with microwave assisted digestion of sample combined with inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). The dissolution percentage of trace element in different solvents were also studied and the veracity of the analytical results were validated with CRMs′ under the same conditions.The results indicated that the dissolution percentage of most elements in solvents were increased with its polarities. In the aqueous solution of the Ganoderma atrum, the extraction percentage of Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn were all lower than 40%. The recoveries of the elements were ranged from 88.2% to 110.6%

MySQL密码认证算法的FPGA优化实现

My SQL数据库软件被广泛地应用于WEB项目中,因此它的安全性极为重要。本文针对My SQL密码认证算法的FPGA实现以及应用进行研究,利用并行化、流水线架构实现My SQL认证算法。提出一种基于BRAM的SHA-1算法流水线架构并对其流水线级数进行优化,从而实现高性能。同时利用多模块并行,多密码验证算法,以提高硬件运行速度和计算资源的利用效率。通过优化,高性能实现了基于FPGA硬件的My SQL认证算法,单块芯片的口令恢复速度为18亿个口令密码每秒,多个FPGA构成子板的认证速度为72亿/秒,比采用GPU GTX 690平台的速度提高了5倍。本研究项目获得集成电路设计与测试分析福建省高校重点实验室建设资金.厦门市科技局科技专项经费以及2017年厦门大学教学改革研究项目资金的支持

光环境生物效应及其模拟实验装备研究进展

光是人、动物和植物赖以生存的基本条件。光环境作为一种物理环境因素,其生物效应具有十分重要的理论和应用价值。光环境对人的生理、心理及行为产生重要影响,对动物昼夜节律、定位系统和生长繁育的影响也已受到诸多关注;同时,光是植物赖以生存的基础,是植物一切生化反应的能量来源。综述了光环境生物效应的研究进展,指出已有的文献仅限于以复色光为研究对象,对特定波长的光效应、光暴露时间及光质效应的研究甚少。进一步阐明目前光环境模拟实验装备的研制所遇到的关键\"瓶颈\"是缺乏能够在一定波长范围内输出较高功率的单色光光源,且无配备生物学培养装置,不可能在实验室实现对单色光环境的模拟。因此,其发展当务之急是先构建光环境暴露的科学实验平台。同时对光环境生物效应的研究方向及光模拟实验装备的应用前景进行了展望。中国科学院科研装备研制项目(YZ201104,YZ201303);中国科学院STS计划(Y6I0921A20)资

MnO/Nitrogen-doped graphene composite cathode for high performance lithium oxygen batteries

本文采用水热法制备了MnO/氮掺杂石墨烯复合材料. 作为非水锂空气电池的正极催化剂, 该复合材料表现出了优异的电化学性能以及循环稳定性.; 在充放电电流密度为0.05 mA cm~(-2)时, 其能量效率高达84.6%, 远高于目前文献所报道的非贵金属催化剂的能量效率,; 也超过了基于贵金属的催化剂. 其氧还原反应(ORR)和氧析出反应(OER)的过电势分别仅为0.11和0.41 V.; 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果表明, 所制备的MnO纳米颗粒能够均匀地分散在氮掺杂石墨烯的表面.; 密度泛函理论(DFT)计算揭示, MnO(100)面是主要的催化活性面, 其理论ORR和OER的过电势分别仅为0.21与0.24 V,; 充放电电势差为0.45 V, 与实验结果0.52 V相当.MnO/nitrogen-doped graphene (MnO/NG) composite cathode was fabricated by; a facile one-pot method as cathode catalyst for non-aqueous lithium; oxygen batteries. It exhibited superior electrochemical performance with; higher round-trip efficiency and better cyclic stability. It showed a; high round-trip efficiency of 84.6% at the current density of 0.05 mA; cm~(-2) with the discharge and charge overpotentials of 0.11 and 0.41 V,; respectively. Through scanning electron microscopy, transmission; electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it was; confirmed that MnO nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed on NG; surface. The density functional theory calculations demonstrated that; the superior electrochemical performance of MnO/NG might be attribute to; the exposure of stoichiometric MnO (100) surface, with the ORR and OER; overpotential only to be 0.21 and 0.24 V, respectively. The; discharging-charging voltage gap is 0.45 V, in good agreement with the; experimental value of 0.52 V.国家重点基础研究发展计划; 国家自然科学基金; 国家基础科学人才培养基

EFFECTS OF CORTICOSTERONE ON MORPHINE-INDUCED CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE AND CONDITIONED LOCOMOTION ACTIVITY

目的 :研究皮质酮作用下吗啡条件性位置偏爱 (CPP)及条件性精神运动的变化趋势及其可能机制 ,为探讨应激、环境线索诱发复吸的机制提供基础。方法 :32只♂SD大鼠分成 4组。训练 2d ,1次药物匹配训练 (吗啡 2mg·kg- 1 ,皮质酮 5mg·kg- 1 ,ip ,提前 2 0min注射 ) ,1次生理盐水训练。观察训练前后大鼠在伴药侧停留的时间 ,急性给药后的运动及条件性精神运动的变化。结果 :(1)吗啡组训练后在伴药侧停留的时间显著长于对照组 (P 0 0 5 ) ; (2 )在 5 0、6 0min时皮质酮吗啡组的急性精神运动显著大于吗啡组和对照组 (P <0 0 1) ; (3)皮质酮吗啡组大鼠的条件性精神运动显著大于对照组、吗啡组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 )。结论 :5mg·kg- 1 的皮质酮显著抑制吗啡CPP的获得 ,但促进吗啡条件性精神运动的获得以及急性精神运动。CPP与条件性精神运动获得的机制可能存在差