PHILOSOPHICAL THINKING ABOUT OPPORTUNITIES

机遇是一种具有重大价值的客观存在,对这种客观存在我们有必要从哲学的角度加以研究。从哲学的角度看,机遇是指在事物发展过程中,偶然出现的却能促使事物向着有利于特定主体方向发展的事件或条件。作为客观事件或条件的机遇具客观性,偶然性,价值性,时效性等特征。机遇的价值属性表明,无论在科学研究和发现中,还是在社会历史发展中,机遇都起着重大作用。因此,我们要及时捕捉和利用好机遇。Opportunities are a kind of objective existence of great value, hence, worthwhile of philosophical studies. From the philosophical point of views, opportunities refer to the accidental events or conditions which can promote the things to develop in a favorable way for certain subject. Opportunities are featured as being objective, accidental, valuable, practical and so on.They play an important role in scientific researches and the development of social histories as well. So, it's important for us to grasp the opportunities

Electric-field-induced selective catalysis of single-molecule reaction

随着单分子电学检测技术的迅速发展，分子电子学的研究不再局限于分子电子学器件的构筑及其电学性质的测量，而且扩展到单分子尺度化学反应过程的探索。然而目前相关的研究仍然局限于理论计算方面，在单分子尺度上实时监测和调控化学反应的活性和选择性是化学领域的长期目标和挑战。针对这一挑战，洪文晶教授课题组与程俊教授课题组合作，自主研发了精密科学仪器，将单个有机分子定向连接在两个末端尺寸为原子级的电极之间，解决了化学反应中分子取向控制的问题.理论计算结果证实了定向电场可以有效地稳定化学反应的过渡态，从而降低反应能垒。该研究工作在化学化工学院洪文晶教授、程俊教授、能源材料化学协同创新中心（iChEM）刘俊扬副研究员的共同指导下完成，由硕士研究生黄晓艳、iChEM博士研究生唐淳、博士研究生李洁琼以及兰州大学的陈力川博士作为共同第一作者，化学化工学院师佳副教授、陈招斌高级工程师、夏海平教授和田中群教授，萨本栋微纳研究院杨扬副教授、环境与生态学院白敏冬教授以及兰州大学张浩力教授参与了研究工作的讨论并给予指导，博士后乐家波、博士研究生郑珏婷、张佩（已毕业）、李瑞豪、李晓慧也参与了研究工作。Oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) offer a unique chance to tune catalytic selectivity by orienting the alignment of the electric field along the axis of the activated bond for a specific chemical reaction; however, they remain a key experimental challenge. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigated the OEEF-induced selective catalysis in a two-step cascade reaction of the Diels-Alder addition followed by an aromatization process. Characterized by the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique in the nanogap and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in bottles, OEEFs are found to selectively catalyze the aromatization reaction by one order of magnitude owing to the alignment of the electric field on the reaction axis. Meanwhile, the Diels-Alder reaction remained unchanged since its reaction axis is orthogonal to the electric fields. This orientation-selective catalytic effect of OEEFs reveals that chemical reactions can be selectively manipulated through the elegant alignment between the electric fields and the reaction axis.This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21722305, 21703188, 21673195, 21621091, 51733004, 51525303, and 91745103), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622060), and the Young Thousand Talents Project of China. 该工作得到国家自然科学基金委（21722305、21703188、21673195、51733004、51525303、91745103），国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFA0204902），中国博士后面上基金（2017M622060）的资助，以及固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、醇醚酯化工清洁生产国家工程实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持

中国国有企业改革的战略思路与存在的问题 = State owned enterprise reform in China : problems and strategies

自1978年以来中国一直在经历一个经济革命'打开门'的政策。国有企业是主要收入来源，不能胜任对刨切系统没有基础的政府保护。在此背景下，国有企业改革的建议是由中国政府。取而代之的是一个个企业的初步改善，改革经历了放权，放松管制和建立现代企业制度企业内部分开。截至目前，国有企业的改革战略发挥中国经济结构转型的一个越来越重要的作用。在一个系统中刨经济生活长达30年，这些国有企业的管理，以适应竞争激烈的市场经济。 Since 1978 China has been experiencing an economic revolution with ' open the door ' policy. The state owned enterprises which are the main source of revenue, proved incompetent without government protection based on planing system. Under this background, reform of state owned enterprises was recommended by Chinese government. Instead of the initial improvement of one by one enterprises, the reform underwent decentralization, deregulation, and setting up a modern corporate system inside the enterprises separately. Up to now, the state owned enterprise' s reform play a more and more critical role in strategic transforming of economic structure of China. Living in a planing economics system up to 30 years, these state owned enterprises manage to adapt themselves to a competitive market economy.​Master of Science (Managerial Economics

"Neijuan" in China: The psychological concept and its characteristic dimensions

随着中国社会的发展,&ldquo;内卷&rdquo;引发了全民关注与讨论,但研究者对内卷的心理内涵、特征维度及其测量工具仍在探索中。本研究首次以文化心理学作为研究视角,提出中国社会的内卷极具新时代意义,是与中国社会文化紧密相连的多维心理概念。研究1采用访谈法,通过分析在校学生与在岗社会人员对内卷看法的一手资料,结合扎根理论初步提出内卷的心理内涵及其特征维度,即资源稀缺、社会规范、心理压力、竞争行为。研究2在访谈研究的基础上编制了内卷感知测量问卷,通过探索性因素分析得到包含18个条目的四维度问卷。研究3通过验证性因素分析和效标效度检验,在跨人群样本中验证了内卷的4个特征维度。研究4采用内卷情境任务发现,在高校情境和组织情境中,内卷感知更高的个体均更易表现出内卷行为倾向。综上,本研究首次明晰中国社会中内卷的心理内涵及其特征维度,并提供了测量个体感知内卷的有效工具,有助于未来探究内卷对个体心理以及社会性发展的影响机制。</p