普胸外科术后应激性溃疡的原因与防治

随着普胸外科技术的提高,手术适应症日益扩大,造成术后应激性溃疡的发生率逐渐增多。近5年来我科术后发生应激性溃疡伴消化道出血6例;应激性溃疡伴消化道出血、十二指肠球部穿孔1例。现报告如下。1临床资料1995年12月～2000年6月,我科共施行开胸手术860例,术后发生应激性溃疡7例,发病率为0.81%,且伴有重要脏器功能紊乱,死亡率28.0%。其中男6例,女1例,平均年

ENERGY FOR MIXED FOREST OF CUNNINGHAMIA LANCEOLATA AND TSOONGIODENDRON ODORUM

对杉木观光木混交林群落能量的研究结果表明 :混交林中观光木地上部分灰分含量以皮最高 ,而杉木则以叶最高 ,两者GCV(干重热值 )和AFCV(去灰分热值 )均以叶为最高 ;观光木、杉木地下各部分的灰分含量均随径级的减小而增加 ,GCV均以粗根最高 ,细根最低 ;观光木的平均灰分含量高于杉木 ,但GCV和AFCV均低于杉木 ;从乔木层、灌木层到草本层 ,灰分含量依次增加 ,GCV和AFCV则依次降低 .混交林群落的能量现存量、年净增量、归还量和净固定量分别是纯林的 1.2 6倍、1.15倍、1.0 2倍和 1.0 9倍 ,其中以乔木层的占大部分 ,林下植被虽然能量现存量仅占群落的很小一部分 ,而其能量年净增量、归还量和净固定量却占有一定比重 .混交林群落的太阳能转化率为 1.5 7% ,而纯林为 1.44 % .表明杉观混交林是一种能量生产力较高和维持地力能力较强的杉阔混交类型 .同时 ,混交林的能量累积比大于纯林 ,能量流动速率则低于纯林 ;乔木层的能量累积比高于林下植被 ,能量流动速率则低于林下植被 .从能量的角度看 ,构建合理的群落结构必须选择高能量累积比的乔木层树种 ,同时须促进能量流动速率快的林下植被的发育以维持和提高地力 .表 4参 2 2Based on the measurement of biomass and productivity, the caloric value of plant samples, the standing crop of energy, net energy production and energy conversing efficiency of mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Tsoongiodendron odorum were determined. Among the aboveground fractions, ash content was highest in barks of Tsoongiodendron odorum and in leaves of Cunninghamia lanceolata , and GCV and AFCV were both highest in leaves of the two species. For underground fractions, ash content increased with the increase of root diameter size, and GCV was highest in coarse roots and lowest in fine roots. The mean ash content was higher, and the mean of GCV and AFCV of Tsoongiodendron odorum were lower than those of Cunninghamia lanceolata . The mean ash content increased in an order from tree layer, shrub layer to herb layer, while those of GCV and AFCV decreased. The standing crop, net accumulation, production and returning of energy of mixed forest were 1.26, 1.15, 1.09 and 1.02 times as much as that of pure forest, respectively. The undergrowth played an important role in energy process, though it accounted for only a slight proportion in community. The energy conversing efficiency was 1.57% for mixed forest and 1.44% for pure forest. The ratio of energy accumulation was higher, and the rate of energy flow was lower in mixed forest than in pure forest. The tree layer had a higher ratio of energy accumulation and a lower rate of energy flow than undergrowth did. In view of energy efficiency, trees with high accumulated rate of energy should be introduced and growth of undergrowth should be promoted in a managed forest community. Tab 4, Ref 22中国博士后科研基金;; 福建省科委重大基础研究项目 (2 0 0 0 F 0 4 );; 高等学校骨干教师资助计划资

Litter production, nutrient return and leaf-litter decomposition in natural and monoculture plantation forests of Castanopsis kawakamii in subtropical China

通过对中亚热带格氏栲天然林 ( natural forest of Castanopsiskawakamii,约 1 5 0年生 )、格氏栲和杉木人工林 ( monoculture plantations of C.kawakamii and Cunninghamia lanceolata,33年生 )凋落物数量与季节动态、养分归还及凋落叶分解与其质量的关系为期 3a的研究表明 ,林分年均凋落量及叶所占比例分别为 :格氏栲天然林 1 1 .0 1 t/hm2 ,5 9.70 t/hm2 ;格氏栲人工林 9.5 4 % ,71 .98% ;杉木人工林 5 .47t/hm2 ,5 8.2 9%。格氏栲天然林与人工林凋落量每年只出现 1次峰值 ( 4月份 ) ,而杉木林的则出现 3次 ( 4或5月份、8月份和 1 1月份 )。除杉木林的 Ca和格氏栲人工林的 Mg年归还量最大外 ,N、P、K及养分总归还量均以格氏栲天然林的为最大 ,杉木人工林的最小。分解 1 a后格氏栲天然林中格氏栲叶的干重损失最大( 98.1 6% ) ,杉木叶的最小 ( 60 .78% )。C/N及木质素 /N比值与凋落叶分解速率呈显著负相关 ,而 N、水溶性化合物初始浓度与分解速率呈显著正相关。与针叶树人工林相比 ,天然林的凋落物数量大、养分归还量高、分解快 ,具有良好自我培肥地力的能力。因此 ,保护和扩大常绿阔叶林资源已成为南方林区实现森林可持续经营的重要措施之一。The amount and pattern of litterfall, its nutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) returns, and leaf-litter decomposition associated with its quality were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) in Sanming, Fujian, China. Mean annual total litterfall over 3 years of observations (from 1999 to 2001) was 11.01 t·hm -2 in the NF, 9.54 t·hm -2 in the CK and 5.47 t·hm -2 in the CF respectively. Of the total annual litterfall in the three forests, leaf contribution constituted 59.70%, 71.98% and 58.29%, respectively. Litterfall in the NF and CK showed similar litterfall pattern with a distinct peak in April of each year. While for the CF, the litterfall peaks occurred in April (or May), August and November, respectively. Except for the highest annual Ca returns in the CF and Mg returns in the CK, the three forests could be arranged in this sequence with respect to annual nutrient returns: NF>CK>CF. The annual percent leaf litter mass loss was the highest for C. kawakamii in the NF (98.16%) and the lowest for Chinese fir (60.78%). Ratios of C/N and lignin/N had significantly negative influences on decay rate coefficients, while initial N and water soluble compounds exerted significantly positive influences. The results of this study demonstrate that the natural forest has a greater capability for maintaining site productivity than monoculture plantations due to higher amount and quality of litter coupled with greater nutrient returns and faster litter decomposition. Therefore, conservation of the natural forest is recommended as a practical measure in forest management to realize sustainable development of forestry in mountainous areas of southern China.中国博士后科研基金资助项目;; 教育部高等学校优秀青年教师奖资助项目;; 教育部高等学校骨干教师资助计划资助项目;; 福建省重大基础研究资助项目 ( 2 0 0 0 F0 0 4)~

原位心脏移植（7例报告）

【目的】总结7例心脏移植经验，探讨心脏移植的近远期疗效。【方法】1998年10月至2005年4月施行7例原位心脏移植，7例均为心肌病，其中5例为扩张型，2例为限制型，手术方法采用标准法4例、双腔静脉法3例，供心平均冷缺血时间为（167．4±22．1）min，术后定期行心内膜活检，使用四联免疫抑制剂。【结果】第1例存活5d，死于低心排及主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）的并发症，第4例存活18月，死于中一重度的急、慢性并存的排斥反应，余5例至今存活，至今存活时间分别为6年9个月、5年6个月、1年7个月、10个月、3个月。【结论】心脏移植是治疗终末期心脏病的有效手段，处理好术后并发症，密切监测和处理排斥反应，能取得良好的近远期疗效，长期生存病例需特别注意慢性排斥反应的发生

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

Research Advances on Analog-to-Information Converter Based on Union of Subspaces Model

依据Shannon采样定理的模拟-数字转换器(Analog-to-Digital Convertor,ADC)越来越难以满足对高频、宽频信号的采样需求,为实现低速率采样同时缓解数据传输、存储及处理的压力,基于亚Nyquist采样的模拟信息转换器(Analog-to-Information Convertor,AIC)成为研究热点。本文首先概述了压缩感知(Compressed Sensing,CS)理论、单向量空间(Single Vector Space,SVS)和联合子空间(Union of Subspaces,UoS)采样理论,着重总结和对比了几种符合UoS模型信号的AIC采样架构及恢复算法,进一步提出了一种多天线采样系统架构及基于子空间分解的增强型重构方法,最后展望了AIC未来研究方向。</p

用于解决薄钢板热处理退火粘结问题的冷轧工作辊

本实用新型涉及一种冷轧工作辊，尤其是用于解决薄钢板冷轧后热处理退火粘结问题的冷轧工作辊。本实用新型具体的解决方案为：用于解决薄钢板热处理退火粘结问题的冷轧工作辊，其特征在于：该轧辊表面轮廓高度中心线算术平均值(即：表面粗糙度Ra)在1.0～3.0微米这个范围内，构成上述表面粗糙的显微形状为椭圆形封闭式微坑，在椭圆形长边走向的周边处有一马蹄形的突起，马蹄形的突起呈圆滑状。本实用新型用激光毛化方法制得。本实用新型大大提高了成材率和生产效率

THE PROPERTIES of THE ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITED CdSe NANOCRYSTALLINE THIN FILMSAND THE MACHANISM of DEPOSITION

电化学沉积CdSE纳晶薄膜的性能及沉积机理王维波林瑞峰林原萧绪瑞（中国科学院感光化学研究所，光电化学中心，北京100101）陈旭光杨勇（厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室，厦门361005）关键词CdSE纳晶薄膜，电化学沉积，扫描隧道显微镜...? Nanocrystalline CdSe thin Films were prepared by electrochemical deposition.SEM and XRD measurements indicate that this thin Film was composed of CdSe nanocrystalline particles.A blue shiFt in the absorption onset is seen For the thin Film with quantum size eFFects.Laser scanning microzone photocurrent spectra were used to observe the eFFects of microstructure on photoelectrochemical properties of CdSe Film.From the Fractal characteristic of STM images recorded at diFFerent stages of electrochemical deposition.Fractal dimension was calculated to be 1.50.Kinetic clusters aggregation model was suggested For electrochemical deposition of CdSe nanocrystalline thin Film in terms of kinetic theories of Fractal growth.到国家自然科学基金;中国科学院感光化学所光化学开放实验室资