Studies on the cultivation of all-female in Mugil cephalus

研究了性腺未分化年幼鲻鱼 ,通过口服不同剂量的 17β -雌二醇控制其雌性化。研究结果表明 ,高剂量组被诱导为全雌鲻鱼 ,低剂量组雌性率达 90 % ,而对照组则为雄鱼。雌性性分化早于雄性。 17β -雌二醇在肌肉和胃肠道残留量低 ,残留时间短The paper was to investigate the control of sexual differentiation by oral administration of varying doses of 17β estradiol(E 2) in juvenile grey mullet, Mugil cephalus with sexual undifferentiation. The results indicated that the grey mullets in the high dosage group were induced to be all female, and 90% of the juvenile grey mullets in the low dosage group differentiated into female. The control group differentiated into all males. Sexual differentiation into females occured significantly earlier than in males. The residue level and residue time of 17β estradiol were low and short in the muscle and gut of grey mullets.福建省重中之重资助项目 (全雌鲻鱼培育的研究

Constraint of a ruthenium-carbon triple bond to a five-membered ring

含过渡金属碳三键(M≡C)的金属卡拜化合物是许多有机反应的催化剂或关键中间体。对其合成及性质的研究是金属有机化学的热点之一。由于卡拜碳的sp杂化方式，大部分金属卡拜化合物均为链状结构（卡拜碳键角理想值为180 °），环内金属卡拜化合物因存在很大的环张力而难于合成。夏海平教授课题组发展了由链状多炔（称之为碳龙）构筑碳龙配合物的高效方法（Nature Communications, 2017, 8, 1912），实现了锇杂戊搭炔/烯及其衍生物的一锅法合成。现在，他们把该方法进一步拓展到了第二过渡系金属钌，通过碳龙与市售的RuCl2(PPh3)3反应一锅合成了钌杂戊搭炔I。本研究是碳龙化学的进一步延伸和发展，首次把碳龙化学的金属中心由锇拓展到了其它金属，展示了碳龙化学广阔的发展空间。该研究工作在夏海平教授指导下完成，能源材料化学协同创新中心（iChEM）博士后卓庆德和张弘副教授为共同第一作者。iChEM博士后周小茜、博士生陈志昕、林剑锋、卓凯玥、硕士康慧君、林鑫磊参与了部分实验工作。博士生华煜晖负责理论计算。【Abstract】The incorporation of a metal-carbon triple bond into a ring system is challenging because of the linear nature of triple bonds. To date, the synthesis of these complexes has been limited to those containing third-row transition metal centers, namely, osmium and rhenium. We report the synthesis and full characterization of the first cyclic metal carbyne complex with a second-row transition metal center, ruthenapentalyne. It shows a bond angle of 130.2(3)° around the sp-hybridized carbyne carbon, which represents the recorded smallest angle of second-row transition metal carbyne complexes, as it deviates nearly 50° from the original angle (180°). Density functional theory calculations suggest that the inherent aromatic nature of these metallacycles with bent Ru≡C–C moieties enhances their stability. Reactivity studies showed striking observations, such as ambiphilic reactivity, a metal-carbon triple bond shift, and a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with alkyne and cascade cyclization reactions with ambident nucleophiles.This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 21490573,21332002, and 21561162001). 研究工作得到国家自然科学基金项目（21490573、21332002 和21561162001）和国家重点研发计划（2017YFA0204902）的资助

H. 「新パルプ資源ケナフの栽培と利用に関する研究」

本研究は、エコマテリアルとしての非木材繊維資源に最も適切である一年生植物ケナフ(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)の栽培とその利用を目的に、1\u27993年より開始した研究である。従来の成果は、すでに本年報1\u27992、\u2794、\u2795、\u2796、\u2797および\u2798年に報告した。昨年度は、特に従来のケナフ栽培の成果の総決算として、平塚市と共同研究を行ない、休耕田にケナフを栽培した。栽培したケナフは、秋に採集し、二度に渡ってパルプ工場でパルプにした。このパルプは、第一回目は、封筒として平塚市が使用し、第二回目は、名刺、封筒、便箋紙として市民に還元した。この本年の平塚市との一貫した共同作業は、産官学プロジェクト作業の一大モデルとして全国にアピールし、各地のケナフ栽培を進展させ、今日に至っている。途上、数多くの講演会、シンポジウム、栽培の立ち会いと指導などでの啓蒙と普及をはかった。本年度もこの共同研究と共同作業は続いている。一方、栽培したケナフを用いる環境保護・保全に対する野外実習と室内学習に際し、各小学校・公民館・作業所におけるパルプ化と紙すきの実施にあたり、従来の化学薬品を用いるパルプ化とその漂白では、危険があり真の環境保全ではない(薬品を流すことから)と感じ、無薬品漂白を試みた。その結果、新しい方法として水だけで蒸解し、その前後処理や叩解をうまく組み込む方法を確立した。この方法は、「ケナフパルプの作製方法」(特許願第320811号)として出願し、1\u27999(平成11)年7月30日付で審査合格し、特許第2960063号として認可登録された。こうした背景から各所での無薬品パルプ化と漂白の指導を行い、学生と一環となって啓蒙運動を行なった。このような成果を非木材紙普及協会の機関誌JELBAへ掲載した。また、第3回ケナフ栽培・利用研究発表会(非木材紙普及協会主催)みおいて"ケナフは熱帯雨林を救えるのか?(1)ケナフの光合成代謝系の同定と二酸化炭素CO_2同化の特性について"と題した研究発表を行ない、地球温暖化防止賞を授賞した。以下論文の要旨と概要を記載する

Study on the Feeding and Starvation of Meretrix meretrix Larva

通过文蛤幼体对几种单胞藻的摄食及饥饿实验，研究了几种单胞藻的饵料效果及适宜投饵密度，幼体营养贮存饱和点（PrS）和幼体发育变态不可恢复点（Pnr）.等边金藻和扁藻为文蛤幼体的适宜饵料，混合投喂效果更佳.饵料的适宜密度为：扁藻0.5~1万/Ml，等鞭金藻2.5~5万/Ml，混合投喂（金藻＋扁藻）（1.25＋0.5）万/Ml.老化金藻藻液对幼体的生长发育有限制作用.文蛤幼体的Pnr和PrS50各为5d左右The diet eFFiciency and optimal concentration of two species algae, the PNR(Poit of No Retern) and PRS(Pont of Reserved Saturtion) of Meretrix meretrix larvae were studied during a Feeding and starvation experiment. Isochrysis galbana and Platymonas sp. were suitable Food For larvae culture.The larvae grew more rapidly when Feed on mixed diet.The optiomal concentration of algae For larval culture was 0.5×10 4 cells/mL to 1×10 4 cells/mL For Platymonas sp., 2.5 (2.5+1)×10 4 cells/mL For mixed diet Isochrysis galbana + Platymonas .The metabolic products of Isochrysis galbana had an inhibitory eFFcet on larval growth and aged Isochrysis galbana might kill larvae.Both of PNR and PRS 50 is about 5 days For larvae

The EFFects of Temperature and Salinity on the Development of Meretrix meretrix Larvae

本文研究了温度和盐度对文蛤幼体的生长发育的影响。适宜于文蛤幼体生长、存活和变态的盐度范围在20.5—28.5之间,温度范围在22—32℃之间。方差分析表明,盐度对幼体的存活和变态有显著的影响,而对生长没有显著影响,温度对幼体的生长、存活和变态都有显著的影响。The eFFects of temperature and salinity on the development of Meretrix meretrix larvae was carried out in the laboratory.Results showed that the optimal range of salinity For larvae survival and development was between 20.5 to 28.5,and temperature between 22 C to 32 C.Salinity had a signiFicant eFFect on the survival and metamorphosis of larvae,but not on larval growth.Temperature had a signiFicant eFFect on all of the three

Analysis of privatization of public housing in Hong Kong: a case study of resident's attitude towards TenantsPurchase Scheme

published_or_final_versionHousing ManagementMasterMaster of Housing Managemen

A Research of the Relationship among Corporate Governance, Information Transparency and Non-Performing Loan--An Empirical Study of Banks in Taiwan

[[abstract]]近年來國內外陸續爆發財務醜聞與資產掏空案，使得公司治理問題重到重視。台灣的金融機構競爭激烈，銀行業者為了爭取客戶而導致授信水準嚴重降低，內部資產品質逐年惡化，如何從公司治理董事會及股權結構流露出的訊息找出體質不佳的銀行，為本研究欲了解的第一目標。第二目的為，銀行業者資訊透明度之揭露程度高低是否對不良債權造成影響。因此本研究用縱橫資料模型進行迴歸探討公司治理、資訊透明度與不良債權間之關連性。實證結果發現公司治理變數對不良債權具顯著關係；資訊透明度對不良債權呈現顯著負向影響；而在依資訊透明度分數分類後，發現資訊透明度較好之銀行可因設立獨立董監事而有效監督不良債權資訊的揭露，且其投票權比率與現金流量權比率之偏離差越大時，越能有效減少不良債權；資訊透明度較差之銀行在控管資金貸放金額方面，必須較資訊透明度較好之銀行加強控管，使得銀行本身不良債權降低。[[abstract]]The burst of financial scandal and the assets scooped out attracted great attention to corporate governance in recent years. The high competition of the bank industry in Taiwan and the non-performing loan ratio is increasing. How to find out weak banks from information of board composition and ownership structure is the first target we want to know. And the second object of this research discusses the relationship among information transparency and non-performing loan. Thus, this research used panel data model to probe into the relationship among corporate governance, information transparency and non-performing loan. The empirical results display significant effect between corporate governance and non-performing loan. The empirical results also display significant negative effect between information transparency and non- performing loan. After classifying by score of information transparency of every bank, this research found the banks of better score could reduce non- performing loan through the institution of independent directors (supervisors) and the bigger degree of deviation between voting rights and cash flow rights. The banks of worse information transparency score have to control lending fund amount to ensure banking assets

AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE EARLY OOGENESIS IN STRIPED MULLET, MUGIL CEPHALUS

用电子显微镜技术观察鲻鱼早期卵子发生进入第一次成熟分裂前期联会丝复合体期、粗线期、双线期和网状期卵原细胞和初级卵母细胞生发泡和胞质的超微结构特点。在联会丝复合体期，生发泡内同源染色体配对，联会丝复合体中央出现重组节。胞质中不同发育类型的核仁样体及其相关线粒体的分布及其数量可作为划分鲻鱼早期卵子发生各个时期的依据。另外，首次观察到靠近膜细胞有一种不规则形细胞，推测是分泌成熟抑制肽细胞。Ultrastructural characteristics of oogonia and primary oocyte in the synaptonemal complexes, pachytene, diplotene and dictyate stages of the first meiotic prophase of striped mullet in the early oogenesis were observed hr using transmission electron microscopy. Two homologous chromosomes pair within the germinal vesicle(GV) and recombination nodules occurred at the central region of synaptonemal complex during synaptonemal complex stage. The distribution and number of different types of nucleolus-like bodies and related mitochondria in the cytoplasm of oocyte might differentiate each stage of early oogenesis in striped mullet. In addition, we observed for the first time that there was an irregular cell close to the theca cell and we guessed secretory mature inhibiting pep-tide.福建省重中之重资助项

Three New Species of Anthomedusae(Hydrozoa,Hydroidomedusae) from the Fujian Sea Water

记述了分别采自福建南部泉州沿诲、厦门同安湾和福建宁德东部等福建海域花水母亚纲3个新种,即福建隔膜水母Leuckartiara fujianensis,泉州枝萨水母Cladosarsia quanzhouensis和眼刺铃水母Cnidocodon ocellata,详细描述了其形态特征,并与近似种进行了比较,为今后海洋生物资源调查提供参考.模式标本保存在厦门大学海洋学系.In this paper,it is reported that samples of anthomedusae collected from neritic water of Quanzhou and Tong'an bay of Xiamen during August 2006~May 2007 and a sample from the east sea water of Ningde of Fujian at July 1988.Through the analysis of 73 samples,three new species are found,i.e.Leuckartiara fujianensis n.sp.,Cladosarsia quanzhouensis n.sp.and Cnidocodon ocellata n.sp..All type samples are deposited at the Department of Oceanography,Xiamen University.Specific characteristics of new species are described as follows: Leuckartiara fujianensis n.sp.(Fig.1) The new species with conical apical projection;with large stomach attached to radial canals by mesenteries;mouth with much folded and crenulated lips;gonads interradial,horseshoe-shaped with folds directed peradially.So the new species belongs to the genus of Leuckartiara Hartlaub,1914.At the present time only 19 valid species in Leuckartiara are known.This new species has four developed perradial tentacles.Only 8 species of Leuckartiara have 4 developed tentacles,i.e.L.abyssi(G.O.Sars,1874),L.brownei Larson and Harbison,1990,L.eckerti Bouillon,1985,L.gardineri Browne,1916,L.jiangyinensis Xu and Huang,2004,L.neustona Xu and Huang,2005,L.simplex Bouillon,1980,and L.zhangraoting Xu and Huang,2006.The differences of the new species from these species of Leuckartiara are showed in Table 1.The main characteristics of the new species:umbrella with conical apical projection;4 developed perradial tentacles,with lateral depressed bulbs,with a abaxial long spur and with ring cnidoblast;4 rather large interradial club-shaped rudimentary tentacles and 8 small adradial club-shaped rudimentary tentacles,without tentacles bulbs,with adnate to the exumbrella at bell margin,all tentacles none ocelli;2 adradial series of gonads connected in the uppermost part and medium transverse bridges.The closest species is L.jianyinensis Xu et Huang,2005,which also has 4 developed marginal tentacles,4 interradial rudimentary tentacles with adnate to exumbrella and 2 adradial series of gonads connected by medium transverse bridge,though their distinctions are:nearly spherical apical projection,4 perradial developed marginal tentacle bulbs with ocelli;only 4 interradial rudimentary tentacles with ocelli at the end;2 adradial series of gonads connected with each other only by medium bridge,no in the uppermost part. Cladosarsia quanzhouensis n.sp.(Fig.2) This new species with marginal bulbs presenting large adaxial pads of cnidocysts;4 perradial tentacles similar with 8~14 long pedunculated cnidocysts knobs and two bifurcating at their ends,each branch provided with a terminal cnidocyst knob;with gonads surrounding completely the manubrium;with ocelli.So the new species belongs to the genus of Cladosarsia Bouillon,1978.At the present time,only 3 species are known in Cladosarsia,i.e.C.minima Bouillon,1978,C.capilata Bouillon,1978 and C.gulangensis Xu et Huang,2006.The closest species is C.gulangensis Xu et Huang,2006,which also has 5~10 pedunculated cnidocyst knobs on tentacles,though their distinction are:manubrium short,without apical cavity,marginal tentacle base without ocelli,with 5~10 abaxial pedunculated cnidocyst knobs at upper and below of bending in several sides and one bifurcating at their ends.These features of C.gulangensis Xu et Huang,2006 differ from those of the new species(See Tab.2).Cnidocodon ocellata n.sp.(Fig.3) The new species has exumbrella with dispersed cnidocysts,manubrium cylindrical;gonads surrounding completely the stomach,4 marginal rather short tentacles,with adaxial cnidocyst cushion on the base,with 6~9 short capitate branches in several levels and sides near the distal part of tentacle.So the new species belongs to genus Cnidocodon Bouillon,1978.New genus Ramus was reported by Zhang et Wu,1981,of which exumbrella without dispersed cnidocysts,without apical projection,with 4 short tentacles,with capitate branches near the distal part of tentacle.These features are similar to Cnidocodon Bouillon,1978.According to the rule of naming,the Ramus xiamenensis Zhang et Wu,1981 was combined as Cnidocodon xiamenensis(Zhang et Wu,1981) by Xu,1993.At present time,two species in genus Cnidocodon were known,i.e.C.leopoldi Bouillon,1978 and C.xiamenensis(Zhang et Wu,1981).Bouillon(2000) regards C.xiamenensis is a doubtful species.But more probably corresponds to the C.leopoldi.In fact,these two species differ from morphological characteristics.C.leopoldi:exumbrella with dispersed cnidocysts,4 short marginal tentacles ending in a cluster of 3~5 capitate branches.C.xiamenensis:exumbrella without dispersed cnidocyst,near distal part of tentacles with 5~8 short capitate branches in several levels and sides.So C.xiamenensis is a valid species.The new species exumbrella with dispersed cnidocyst,4 marginal bulbs with an adaxial cnidocyst cushion and an abaxial ocelli,marginal tentacle with cyclical cnidoblast and near the distal part with 6~9 short capitate branches in several levels and sides.So the new species differs from other two species.国家自然科学基金重点项目(40331004)资

A histological study on spermatogenesis of grey mullets, Mugil cephalus

本文报道用组织学方法研究了不同季节鲻鱼的精巢结构和精子发生过程 .结果表明 ,鲻鱼精巢属于叶状结构 .根据精子发生的特点 ,分为 5个时期 :精原细胞增殖期、初级精母细胞期、次级精母细胞期、精子形成期和精子成熟期 .依雄性鲻鱼精子发育和成熟的季节来看 ,厦门鲻鱼繁殖季节为每年 1 1～ 1 2月 ,系一次性排精类型 .文中详细描述各级生精细胞的特征 ,并讨论了Sertoli细胞在精子发生中的生理作用During the different seasons, the testicular structure and process of spermatogenesis in grey mullets were investigated using histological methods in this paper. The results indicate that the testis of grey mullets belongs to lobular structure. According to the characteristics of spermatogenesis, the development of testis was divided into five stages: the multiplicative spermatogonia stage, primary spermatocyte stage, secondary spermatocyte stage, spermatogenesis stage and mature sperm stage. According to the development and mature seasons of sperm of male fish, we suggested that the reproductive season of grey mullets in Xiamen is from November to December every year, and is once released type. In addition, the characters of spermatogenic cell in each stage were discribed in details and the physiological function of Sertoli cell during spermatogenesis was discussed in this paper.[WT5F1]福建省重中之重资助项