The Research on the Local Government Debt--Based on the Data of LY City, Fujian Province

为应对2008年国际金融危机，稳定国内经济增长，持续我国良好的增长趋势，2009年我国政府实施总额4万亿元的两年投资计划，持续多年实施了适度宽松的货币政策和积极的财政政策，以保证经济平稳较快发展。但由于政府投资基本依靠债务驱动，并且投资项目效益低、周期长、体量大，导致地方政府性债务规模不断膨胀，短期内流动性紧张，债务风险凸显。地方政府性债务风险，关乎政府信用，直接影响经济与社会的持续、健康发展。因此，加强对地方政府性债务问题的研究，具有重要的理论和实践意义。 1988年，LY市产生首笔地方政府性债务金额160万元，经过26年发展，特别是2008年以后政府投资力度加大后，债务规模不断膨胀，截至...In order to cope with the 2008 financial crisis and keep the domestic economy’s growth steady, the Chinese Government implemented the total amount of 4 trillion Yuan of investment plan for two years in 2009, and implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy for many years to achieve steady and rapid economic development in our country. However, as the government inves...学位：金融硕士院系专业：经济学院_金融硕士学号：1562013115213

A STUDY OF ENTERPRISE STRATEGY ABOUT XY COMPANY

随着电力体制改革的不断深入，电力行政管理部门对供电企业监管的力度不断加大，《供电服务监管办法（试行）》（电监会8号令）和《供电监管办法》（电监会27号令）先后颁布实施，作为电业局下属的电控设备制造企业的垄断地位逐渐丧失，在这种情况下，这些企业应该如何应对？XY公司作为Z市电业局下属的电控设备制造企业，具有典型的案例作用，本文就以其作为研究对象。 本文应用到了竞争战略、战略管理等理论以及PEST分析、五力模型分析、SWOT分析等分析方法。通过分析XY公司相关的宏观环境（国家层面、Z市层面）和Z市电控设备制造行业的竞争结构，理清了其拥有的外部机会和面临的外部威胁；通过对XY公司内部各方面情况的分...With the increasingly deepening into the reformance of electricity rigime, the regulations exercised by electricity regulatory units on firms are constantly strengthened. Since “The Regulatory Rule on Electricity Services Providers (SERC Rule No. 8)” and “The Regulatory Rule on Electricity Providing (SERC Rule No. 27)” were issued by The State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC), the monopoly...学位：工商管理硕士院系专业：管理学院工商管理教育中心（MBA中心）_工商管理硕士(MBA)学号：X20041531

Developing On-site,Quick Screening Platform for Artificial Pigments in Food Using Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

已有研究表明食品加工过程中添加的人工合成色素不仅不能提供营养物质,而且可能是导致小儿多动症的来源之一,影响儿童智力发育.基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)原理和便携式拉曼光谱仪,提出了一种非定向的现场快速筛查方法.该方法只需对疑似含有人工合成色素的固体或液体状食品样品进行简单前处理,即可进行SERS检测.样品前处理和检测的总时长不超过15 min,检出质量浓度在1 mg/L水平,可有效满足政府职能部门的现场执法需求.除具有快速、方便、灵敏度高等特点之外,该检测方法的最大优势在于实现了未知样品的现场非定向测试:在同一种前处理过程和检测方法下,可对食品中常添加的亮蓝、胭脂红、日落黄、柠檬黄、苋菜红和诱惑红6种人工合成色素进行快速鉴定和半定量分析.As widely used additives in food processing,artificial pigments have no any nutrition but are potential sources of hyper-activity and affect the intellectual development of children.On the basis of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy( SERS) and portable Raman instrument,we developed a non-targeting,on-site and quick screening platform for artificial pigments in food matrix. SERS measurement could be carried out after the food matrix( either in solid or liquid states) being simply pretreated for 15 min.The detectable concentration is as low as 1 mg / L,a level meeting the demand of the on-site enforcement by the government.Besides the advantages of quick,easy-on-going,and high sensitivity,the most distinguished point of SERS is the non-targeting qualitative on-site detection for the typical pigment additives,including brilliant blue,carmine,sunset yellow,lemon yellow,amaranth and allura red,et al.,while both the pretreatment procedure and the SERS detection remain the same.国家自然科学基金(21473140);; 福建省高校产学合作项目(2016Y4012);; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2072016011

Effects of Soil Salinity on the Quality of Carrot

采用土壤盆栽试验,设置6个盐度水平(0、500、1000、1500、2000、2500 Mg/kg),研究胡萝卜种植过程中盐度对其叶绿素、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质及硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明,种植胡萝卜的土壤盐度控制在500 Mg/kg,可以提高胡萝卜的品质,减少盐分对土壤的损伤。具体表现为,500 Mg/kg盐度处理对胡萝卜叶绿素含量无显著影响,而高盐度使胡萝卜叶绿素总含量降低;500~1000 Mg/kg盐度可增加胡萝卜维生素C和可溶性蛋白质含量;可溶性总糖含量以500 Mg/kg处理的降低幅度最小,500~2000 Mg/kg处理使胡萝卜硝酸盐含量呈降低趋势,但高盐度(2500 Mg/kg)则会增加其硝酸盐含量。A soil pot experiment with different levels of saltnity(0,500,1500,2000,2500 mg/kg) were carried out to study the effects of salinity on the quality of carrot.The results showed that controlling certain salinity 500 mg/kg,could improve the quality of carrot.Because the salinity of 500 mg/kg had no effect on the chlorophyll content of carrot,and high salinity caused total chlorophyll content decreased,low salinity was conducive to the promotion of carrot synthesis of vitamin C and soluble protein,soluble sugar content of carrot was decreased by the increasing of salinity levels,Nitrate content in carrots increased at the high salinity(2500 mg/kg) treatment.厦门市科学技术局项目(3502Z20071098

Developing fast laboratory screening platform for sulfate dioxide in food by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的指纹图谱的高能量分辨率,以位于~630; cm~(-1)亚硫酸根的特征峰为定性和定量依据,本文开展了食品中滥用和非法添加二氧化硫的直接检测研究:一种检测流程实现了不同食品基质中二氧化硫的; 高灵敏检测,最低检出浓度达1 mg; kg~(-1)的水平.针对实际样本的传统蒸馏法前处理流程的一些不足以及SERS检测的指纹图谱优势,本文进行了三方面显著改进:; (1)碳酸钙和沸石取代氮气以提高二氧化硫的挥发提取效率; (2)草酸取代盐酸酸化蒸馏溶液,以有效避免挥发性强酸对操作环境的危害;; (3)氢氧化钠溶液代替乙酸铅溶液作为吸收液,以防止二次污染.环境友好、灵敏度高和不受基质干扰等特点使得本方法有望取代经典蒸馏法和比色法,用于食品; 中非法添加二氧化硫类添加剂的快速高效筛查.The direct detection of sulphur dioxide has been realized in various; food matrixes with high sensitivity and high selectivity, on the basis; of the integration of the high energy resolution of the finger-print; spectrum of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and the universal but; easy-on-going pretreatment procedure. The characteristic peak of sulphur; dioxide at ~630 cm~(-1) was applied as the qualitative and quantitative; standard, which displayed a lowest detectable concentration at the 1 mg; kg~(-1) level for the spiked food samples. The key point of the high; sensitivity and selectivity is the effective pretreatment born out of; the standard distillation one, which has been improved in the three; parts. (1) Using CaCO_3 and Zeolite instead of N_2 gas as the bubbling; reagent. (2) Using oxalic acid as the acidic distillation solution to; eliminate the hazards from acid volatilization, such as hydrochloric; acid. (3) Using diluted sodium hydroxide solution as the absorption; reagent instead of lead acetate solution to avoid the secondary; pollution. With the three distinguished advantages of environment; friendly, high sensitivity and free of matrix interference, the proposed; method has great potential to replace the traditional ones for the fast; screening of the illegal or abused sulphur dioxide in food.国家自然科学基金; 福建省高校产学合作项目; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资

中国海及邻近区域碳库与通量综合分析

中国海总面积约470万平方公里,纵跨热带、亚热带、温带、北温带等多个气候带.其中,南海北依\"世界第三极\"青藏高原、南邻\"全球气候引擎\"西太平洋暖池,东海拥有全球最宽的陆架之一,跨陆架物质运输显著,黄海是冷暖流交汇区域,渤海则是受人类活动高度影响的内湾浅海.中国海内有长江、黄河、珠江等大河输入,外邻全球两大西边界流之一的黑潮.这些鲜明的特色赋予了中国海碳储库和通量研究的典型代表意义.文章从不同海区（渤海、黄海、东海、南海）、不同界面（陆-海、海-气、水柱-沉积物、边缘海-大洋等）,以及不同生态系统（红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床、海藻养殖、珊瑚礁、水柱生态系统等）多层面对海洋碳库与通量进行了较系统地综合分析,初步估算了各个碳库的储量与不同碳库间的通量.就海气通量而言,渤海向大气中释放CO2约0.22Tg Ca-1,黄海吸收CO2约1.15Tg Ca-1,东海吸收CO2约6.92～23.30Tg Ca-1,南海释放CO2约13.86～33.60Tg Ca-1.如果仅考虑海-气界面的CO2交换,中国海总体上是大气CO2的\"源\",净释放量约6.01～9.33Tg Ca-1.这主要是由于河流输入以及邻近大洋输入所致.河流输入渤黄海、东海、南海的溶解无机碳（DIC）分别为5.04、14.60和40.14Tg Ca-1,而邻近大洋输入DIC更是高达144.81Tg Ca-1,远超中国海向大气释放的碳量.渤海、黄海、东海、南海的沉积有机碳通量分别为2.00、3.60、7.40、7.49Tg Ca-1.东海和南海向邻近大洋输送有机碳通量分别为15.25～36.70和43.39Tg Ca-1.就生态系统而言,中国沿海红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床有机碳埋藏通量为0.36Tg Ca-1,海草床溶解有机碳（DOC）输出通量为0.59Tg Ca-1;中国近海海藻养殖移出碳通量0.68Tg Ca-1,沉积和DOC释放通量分别为0.14和0.82Tg Ca-1.总计,中国海有机碳年输出通量为81.72～103.17Tg Ca-1.中国海的有机碳输出以DOC形式为主,东海向邻近大洋输出的DOC通量约15.00～35.00Tg Ca-1,南海输出约31.39Tg Ca-1.综上,尽管从海-气通量看中国海是大气CO2的\"源\",但考虑了河流、大洋输入、沉积输出以及微型生物碳泵（DOC转化输出）作用后,中国海是重要的储碳区.需要指出的是,文章数据是基于中国海各海区碳循环研究报道,鉴于不同研究方法上的差异,所得数据难免有一定的误差范围,亟待将来统一方法标准下的更多深入研究和分析.国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2016YFA0601400);;国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:91751207、91428308、41722603、41606153、41422603);;中央高校基础研究项目(编号:20720170107);;中海油项目(编号:CNOOC-KJ125FZDXM00TJ001-2014、CNOOCKJ125FZDXM00ZJ001-2014)资