71 research outputs found
基于上下文的自适应二进制算术熵编码
H.264在主要档次中采纳了基于上下文的自适应二进制算术编码(CAbAC)的熵编码方案。深入研究了CAbAC的二进制化、上下文建模和自适应二进制算术编码器,并利用测试模型进行测试,实验结果表明:在相同测试序列下,CAbAC和CAVlC相比的确能节省较大的比特率
Experimental Study on Tip-Induced Electrospinning
针尖诱导电纺技术(TIE)利用针尖阵列插入聚合物溶液表面后快速抽离,由于高压强电场和黏性力作用在液面抽离处诱导形成泰勒锥,进而在收集板上得到大量纳米纤维,实现纳米纤维的批量制造.实验结果表明在不同电极间距下,电纺阈值电压随着溶液浓度的增加而增大.当工作电压为63 kV,溶液槽尺寸为142 MMx50 MM时,电纺聚氧化乙烯(PEO)溶液的纤维产量达1.961 2 g/H.当工作电压从45 kV增加到63 kV时,纤维沉积均匀性变化范围为31.08%~43.23%.Tip-induced electrospinning(TIE) is demonstrated to produce nanofibers with high throughput.Probe array was plunged into the plane polymer solution and then withdrawn quickly,and due to the effects of viscous force and the electric force,Taylor cones were generated from the position where the probes left,and then mass nanofibers were obtained on the collector.The experimental results show that the threshold voltage under different electrode distances increases with the increase of the concentration,and the mean throughput of polyethylene oxide(PEO) nanofibers is up to 1.961 2 g / h when the solution tank size is 142 mm × 50 mm and the applied voltage is 63 kV.And the maximum deposition error of nanofibers is within the range of 31.08% —43.23% on the condition that the applied voltage changes from 45 kV to 63 kV.国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51035002); 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51205334); 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2011J05139
Continuous Tipless Electrospinning with Rotatory Electrode
连续供液的旋转电极式无针尖静电纺丝采用圆柱滚筒电极代替喷丝头实现了高产量纳米纤维制造.该方法避免了喷丝头的堵塞问题,同时也实现了纳米纤维的连续生产.本文利用扫描电镜(SEM)探讨了该制作过程中的关键参数,如溶液浓度、偏置电压、旋转速度以及溶液厚度等对纳米纤维直径的影响.实验结果表明,纳米纤维的平均直径随溶液浓度、圆柱滚筒电极旋转速度和溶液厚度的增大而增大,但随着偏置电压、圆柱滚筒电极直径的增大而减小.圆柱滚筒电极长度为12 CM、直径为60 MM时制备的纳米纤维产量高达8.7 g/H,且纳米纤维的直径均小于500 nM.Tipless electrospinning with rotatory electrode and continuous supply polymer solution,which uses a cylindrical-shape rotatory electrode to replace syringe spinneret,is a novel method for massive production of nanofibers.It not only avoids the blockage of spinneret but also realizes the continuous production of nanofibers.In this paper,the effects of some key parameters such as solution concentration,applied bias voltage,rotatory speed and thickness of solution on the diameter of nanofibers were discussed via scanning electron microscope( SEM).The results demonstrate that the mean diameter of electrospun nanofibers increases with the increase of solution concentration,rotatory speed of cylindrical-shape rotatory electrode and thickness of solution,but decreases with the increase of applied bias voltage and diameter of cylindrical-shape rotatory electrode.The output of nanofibers achieved 8.7 g / h for a cylindricalshape rotatory electrode( 12 cm in length and 60 mm in diameter),and the diameters of nanofibers were less than 500 nm.supportedbyKeyProgramofNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(51035002);theNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(51205334); theNaturalScienceFoundationofFujianProvinceofChina(2011J05139)~
连续含铝SiC自由膜的制备与发光特性研究
通过自制喷膜装置对聚铝碳硅烷(PACS)进行脱泡处理、熔融纺膜,并对其进行氧化交联、高温预烧及高温裂解终烧可制得连续含铝SiC自由薄膜。用扫描电镜(SEM)分析薄膜的形貌,通过红外光谱(FT-IR)分析氧化交联后薄膜的结构变化,通过电子探针(EPMA)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线衍射(XRD)与场发射高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对薄膜进行成分及微观结构分析,采用光致发光谱(PL)对薄膜的光学带隙和发光特性进行了研究。结果表明,熔融纺膜法与PACS先驱体法相结合可制得均匀、致密的耐高温连续含铝SiC自由薄膜,室温下表现出了320~440nm宽谱带发光,其发光峰可分别归因于-αSiC和C簇,且随着烧结温度的提高,发光强度增大
Successive modification of polydentate complexes gives access to planar carbon-and nitrogen-based ligands
以碳和氮为键合原子的多齿螯合物是配合物家族中非常重要的一类。具有更高齿数的平面构型NC螯合物实例相对较少,代表性的例子为四齿金属碳卟啉类化合物,这类螯合物以其独特的结构和丰富的物理化学性质引起广泛关注。然而平面五齿、六齿的NC螯合物由于几何构型“拥挤”导致合成难度高,该工作从含三元环内金属卡宾结构的CCCC型碳龙配合物出发,利用经典有机反应(炔烃对金属卡宾的插入反应),成功地实现了CCCCN/NCCCN型平面五齿螯合物的合成。这一研究为高配位型螯合物的合成提供了新思路并为平面五齿螯合物家族添加新成员。特别是,这些高配位型螯合物在可见光和近红外区域均有较好的吸收,表现出良好的光声成像、光热转换及声动力学性能。
该研究工作在张弘教授指导下完成,第一作者为iChEM博士后周小茜。该工作充分体现了多学科协同研究优势:相关化合物的合成、表征及理论计算工作由周小茜博士完成;声动力学性能研究由厦门大学公共卫生学院庞鑫博士及刘刚教授完成;光声成像研究由厦门大学公共卫生学院聂立铭教授完成。iChEM fellow卓庆德博士、博士生卓凯玥、陈志昕参与了部分实验工作。夏海平教授、香港科技大学林振阳教授和南京大学朱从青教授对研究工作给予了大力支持。【Abstract】Polydentate complexes containing combinations of nitrogen and carbon (N and C) ligating atoms are among the most fundamental and ubiquitous molecules in coordination chemistry, yet the formation of such complexes with planar high-coordinate N/C sites remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient route to access related complexes with tetradentate CCCN and pentadentate CCCCN and NCCCN cores by successive modification of the coordinating atoms in complexes with a CCCC core. Combined experimental and computational studies reveal that the rich reactivity of metal-carbon bonds and the inherent aromaticity of the metallacyclic skeletons play key roles in these transformations. This strategy addresses the paucity of synthetic approaches to mixed N/C planar pentadentate chelating species and provides valuable insights into the synthesis of carbon-based high-coordinate complexes. Furthermore, the resulting complexes are the examples of organometallic species with combined photoacoustic, photothermal, and sonodynamic properties, which makes them promising for application in related areas.This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21572185, 21561162001, and 81571744), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (N_HKUST603/15), the Excellent Youth Foundation of Fujian Scientific Committee (2018J06024), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20720170065).该工作得到国家自然科学基金委、香港研究资助局、福建省自然科学基金、厦门大学校长基金的资助
植體支持牙橋支台-植體間抗旋轉設計對預防支台螺釘鬆動之重要性
植體補綴物固定螺釘或支台螺釘的鬆動,一直都是治療常發生的併發症。支台與植體間
的抗旋轉設計或施予螺釘適當的扭力常被採用以減少螺釘鬆動或斷裂的機率。然而,兩根以
上植體支持的牙橋由於幾何上的構造,幾根螺釘間被認為可以互相保護,因此支台座和植體
間是否需要抗旋轉設計,一直都很少受到重視。許多系統為了方便使用,取消了原有牙橋用
支台與植體間的抗旋轉設計。本研究的目的在以實驗室模擬植體補綴物長期受力的情況下,
有無抗旋轉設計,植體-支台夾緊力的變化及支台螺釘鬆動的情形。研究中,將同時探討牙橋
的密合度是否影響抗旋轉設計的重要性。研究中比較Nobel Biocare 舊式有抗旋轉設計的
Miruscone 支台和新式無抗旋轉設計的Multi-unit 支台。密合度選擇採用完全密合及30μm 縫
隙兩種。
研究方法將先製作植體補綴物金屬床,然後再利用這個金屬床配合外形相似但有抗旋轉設計
和沒有抗旋轉設計的支台,製作出和此金屬床有無外力密合及有30μm 縫隙共四種主模型以
進行測試。測試時以Instron 模擬咀嚼的速度(1Hz)及力量(100N),反覆施力0、2000、4000、
6000、8000、10000cycles 後觀察(1)螺釘是否鬆動,(2)夾緊力(利用應變計觀察)是否減少,
(3)受力後將螺釘鬆開的反轉鈕力(reverse torque)是否減少。本研究的結果顯示當植體補
綴物和植體支台間是密合時,支台與植體間是否存在抗旋轉設計對於abutment screw 鎖緊時
產生的clamping force 似乎影響較少。當植體補綴物和植體支台間呈現不密合時,即使支台與
植體間存在著抗旋轉設計似乎並不能阻止植體與支台間clamping force 的變化,而且在最開始
的2000 cycles 後就可以觀察到明顯的變化,2000 cycles 之後反而不在繼續明顯改變。不過當
支台和植體間沒有抗旋轉設計而補綴物和支台間呈現間隙時,支台和植體間夾緊力似乎隨受
力的次數而持續的變化著。本研究結果顯示,在兩顆以上的植體補綴物連結在一起時,補綴
物與植體或植體支台間的密合度應該是最重要的,然而如果不密合是難以完全避免時,支台
與植體間的抗旋轉設計可以減少反覆受力後植體與支台間clamping force 的變化,而減少植體
支台螺釘鬆動的機會
行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫成果報告:以植體植入扭力阻力及共振頻率預估及評估骨整合進度
植體的成功率在骨質條件不佳的情況
下並不理想,臨床上需要客觀、非侵入性
的方法評估骨質條件,或預測植體可以開
始受力的時機。本研究的目的是希望在第
一階段手術時,利用植牙扭力控制機輸出
扭力時電壓與脈衝頻率的變化,來探究與
移除扭力間的關係, 以期對植體的癒後做
預測, 將來或許能使立即受力的運用更為
廣泛可行。前導實驗以10 隻3.75mm x
13mm 的Branemark 攻螺釘,在hard 與soft
plastic block 各做5 次攻螺紋,並記錄每秒
鐘電壓變化、頻率變化及量測移除扭力。
結果顯示hard plastic block 的電壓變化平
均值,頻率變化平均值,以及移除扭力的
中位數都比較高(P< 0.01 )。主實驗選取30
個不同豬隻的股骨,並以30 隻全新的3.75
x 13mm 攻螺釘,並記錄每秒鐘電壓變化與
頻率變化,最後進行移除扭力測試,再將
骨頭用放射線數位影像系統Combi-X 來量
測攻螺釘周圍骨質密度,最後量測攻螺釘
周圍皮質骨的厚度以及鑽入深度。所測得
的移除扭力藉由與所量得的其它項變數包
括電壓變化,頻率變化,數位影像骨質密
度,皮質骨的厚度以及攻螺釘鑽入的深度
以線性迴歸進行統計分析,結果發現攻螺
紋末1/3 時間電壓變化平均值,末1/3 數位
放射線影像密度變化平均值,皮質骨總厚
度等三項變數均能用來預測移除扭力的大
小,即植體與骨接觸情形。牙科植體; 骨整合Clinically, there were no objective methods
to evaluate the bone quality of implant beds
and to predict/diagnose when the implants
could be loaded. This study’s aim was to
explore the relationship among removal
torque, voltage change and voltage frequency
change during the first stage implant surgery.
In the pilot study, hard and soft plastic blocks
were used to represent the hard and soft bone
specimens. Ten Branemark screw taps ( 3.75
mm in diameter and 13 mm in length ) were
used to tap 5 preformed holes in each of the
hard and soft plastic block with hand
pressure. The results showed significant
differences (p<0.01) between hard and soft
plastic blocks. The median of voltage and
frequency change of voltage per second, and
removal torque were higher in the hard
plastic block. In the main study, 30 screw
taps were inserted into 30 pig femur bones
and the voltage change, frequency change
and removal torque were recorded. The
density of bone surrounding the screw tap
was also measured with Combi-X system.
The cortical thickness and the drilling depth
were also measured. In analysis, with
removal torque as a dependant variable and
all possible subsets regression was used in
model selection. The analysis indicated that
the mean voltage output at the last 1/3 of
tapping, the mean bone density value at
apical 1/3, and the cortical thickness could be
used to predict the removal torque, i.e. the
quantity and quality of contact surface
between implants and surrounding bone
以扭力控制器鎖緊螺絲時的扭力輸出圖形評估植體補綴物的密合度
臨床不易製作一個完全密合的補綴物
也不易偵測密合度的情形。本實驗目的要
比較(1)補綴物與支台間的不密合度(2)補
綴物橋體的長度(3)螺釘鎖緊的順序, 對螺
釘鎖緊時, 連續扭力測量值的影響。補綴
物是模擬臨床上三單位牙橋以及兩單位相
連牙冠, 藉由不同層數的咬合箔片, 我們
分別在兩種不同長度補綴物中製造出理論
上密合、30μm 不密合、60μm 不密合三種
實驗模型。實驗方法是先將近心螺釘鎖緊
至10Ncm, 再以Osseocare 將遠心螺釘鎖緊
至10Ncm 並記錄螺釘鎖緊過程中旋轉角度-
扭力的關係。我們利用二維變異數分析以
及獨立樣本T-檢定針對結果: (1)從初遇
阻力至鎖緊螺釘選轉的角度(2)螺釘旋轉
角度(橫軸)對扭力輸出(縱軸)關係圖中自
扭力上升點開始曲線下的面積做分析。結
果顯示, 不密合度對結果有統計學上顯著
的影響(p<0.001), 而補綴物橋體的長度則
否。鎖緊的順序對於支台在螺釘鎖緊後最
後的彎曲狀態沒有顯著影響(p>0.05)。統
計分析中也顯示, 初遇阻力至鎖緊螺釘旋
轉的角度比螺釘旋轉角度橫軸對扭力輸出
縱軸關係圖中曲線下的面積在不密合診斷
上具靈敏度
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