Studies on Brain Targeted Temozolomide Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles

目的：优化工艺制备载替莫唑胺聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯纳米粒（TMZ-PBCA-NP），并对其加以吐温-80修饰，考察其体外释药行为特点及大鼠体内组织分布特性。 方法：首先分别采用界面聚合法和乳化聚合法制备TMZ-PBCA-NP，单因素筛选结合正交试验优化TMZ-PBCA-NP的制备工艺，并根据纳米粒粒径、电位、包封率和载药量等理化性质对两种方法制备的TMZ-PBCA-NP进行评价比较，确定最佳的制备方法和工艺；采用动态膜透析法对TMZ原料药、最佳制备工艺研制的TMZ-PBCA-NP及经吐温-80修饰的TMZ-PBCA-NP体外释药行为进行研究；最后以Wistar大鼠为研究对象，通过比较TMZ原料药...Objective: To prepare temozolomide polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles (TMZ-PBCA-NP) with optimized process and the surface of nanoparticles was modified with tween-80, and then to evaluate the release characteristics of temozolomide in vitro and the effects of tissue distribution in rat. Methods: TMZ-PBCA-NP was prepared by emulsion polymerization and interfacial polymerization methods separate...学位：医学硕士院系专业：医学院临床医学系_外科学学号：2452007115253

The Impact of the International Vertical Specialization on Industry Total Factor Productivity of China:Based on the Comparison of Vertical FDI versus International Outsourcing

如何提升一国全要素生产率（TFP），实现产业升级与技术进步进而推动一国经济长期均衡发展，是各国学者们共同关注的热点问题。二十世纪九十年代，随着经济全球化的进一步深入和国际分工的细化，国际垂直专业化分工与贸易得到迅速发展，无论是分工的广度还是分工的深度都超过了以往国际分工与贸易的方式。改革开放以来，特别是加入WTO之后，我国也积极融入经济全球化的浪潮之中，广泛参与国际垂直专业化分工与贸易。国际垂直专业化的发展为全要素生产率变动这一研究热点增添了新的内容。究竟国际垂直专业化对中国工业行业全要素生产率变动有无影响，影响的方向是什么，影响的程度有多大，影响的具体途径是怎样——是提升了技术水平还是提高了...Studies on China's economic development, industrial upgrading and technological progress have become prominent in academia at home and abroad.Many scholars have launched research in this field from different angles, the Total Factor Productivity is one of the hot research topics.Since 1990, International Vertical Specialization and trade has been developing rapidly, more than the previous internat...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院_国际贸易学学号：1572011115184

Ki-67与脑膜瘤分级及复发的相关性分析

目的分析Ki-67与脑膜瘤分级及复发的相关性。方法收集2005年1月—2013年5月的172例脑外科脑膜瘤初次手术治疗患者病理标本,采用免疫组化染色检测标本中Ki-67的阳性率,随访患者5年内复发情况,并分析Ki-67与脑膜瘤分级及复发的相关性。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级脑膜瘤患者的Ki-67阳性率分别为(1.70±1.13)%、(4.81±3.63)%和(25.00±8.53)%,Ki-67阳性率逐渐增高,差异有统计学意义(Z=79.474,P <0.05)。随访5年,复发患者32例。复发患者Ki-67阳性率(10.94±12.25)%高于非复发患者(2.30±2.34)%,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.958,P <0.05)。结论 Ki-67与脑膜瘤分级及复发有关,具有重要的临床价值

Comparison of the preparation methods of Temozolomide-loaded nanoparticles

目的比较载替莫唑胺聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯纳米粒(TMz-PbCA-nP)的不同制备方法,确定最佳制备工艺。方法以α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(bCA)为载体,分别采用乳化聚合法和界面聚合法制备TMz-PbCA-nP,加以吐温-80(T-80)进行表面修饰,并通过zETA电位仪检测纳米粒粒径和电位、透射电镜观察纳米粒形态、紫外分光光度计测定各自的包封率和载药量。结果乳化聚合法制备的TMz-PbCA-nP平均粒径(135.8±11.3)nM,表面电位(-24.8±2.2)MV,包封率(44.23±2.04)%,载药量(2.80±0.05)%;界面聚合法制得的载药纳米粒平均粒径(175.4±10.2)nM,表面电位(-18.3±3.6)MV,包封率(44.35±2.58)%,载药量(2.31±0.47)%。透射电镜下观察两种方法所制备的纳米粒大小均较为均匀,粒子间无明显聚集。结论采用乳化聚合法制备TMz-PbCA-nP效果较优于界面聚合法。【Objective】 To compare Temozolomide polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles(TMZ-PBCA-NP) prepared by two different methods so as to determine the optimal process.【Methods】 TMZ-PBCA-NP was prepared by emulsion polymerization and interfacial polymerization methods separately and the surfaces of the two kinds of nanoparticles were both modified with tween-80(T-80).Zeta potential instrument was used to detect the particle size and charge and transmission electron microscopy was employed to study the particle shape.The entrapment efficiency and drug loading were determined with ultraviolet spectrophotometry.【Results】 The mean particle size,surface charge,entrapment efficiency and drug loading of the NP prepared by emulsion polymerization and interfacial polymerization methods was(135.8±11.3) nm and(175.4±10.2) nm,(-24.8±2.2) mV and(-18.3±3.6) mV,(44.23±2.04) % and(44.35±2.58) %,(2.80±0.05) % and(2.31±0.47) %,respectively.Both nanoparticles had uniform size distribution and no apparent aggregation according to transmission electron microscopy.【Conclusion】 The emulsion polymerization method is better than interfacial polymerization method in preparing TMZ-PBCA-NP.国家自然科学基金(No:81172394

Ethical Reflection on Standardized Management of Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation

肠道微生态系统是人体健康所必需的重要且复杂的生物系统。肠道微生态系统的紊乱参与人体多种疾病的发生发展过程。而肠菌移植技术可有效调节肠道菌群，修复失衡的肠道微生态，为当今多种胃肠道及胃肠以外疾病的治疗带来新的突破。然而，目前尚缺乏完整的、系统性的肠菌移植技术管理规范。就肠菌移植技术规范化管理所涉及的内容进行探讨，并从医学伦理学角度思考规范化管理中所涉及的伦理问题，以期推动肠菌移植技术的临床应用。Intestinal microecology is an important and complex biological system necessary for human health. Its disorder is involved in the development of various diseases of human body. The technology of intestinal microbio- ta transplantation can effectively regulate the intestinal flora, repair the imbalance of the intestinal microecology, and bring a new breakthrough for the treatment of many diseases of gastrointestinal tract and outside gastrointestinal tract. However, there is still no systematic and complete management standard for intestinal microbiota transplanta- tion technology. This paper discussed related content involved in standardized management of intestinal microbiota transplantation technology and reflected the ethical problems involved in standardized management from the perspec- tive of medical ethics, in order to promote the clinical application of intestinal microbiota transplantation technology

Preparation of fotemustine-loaded polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles

目的优化工艺制备福莫司汀聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯纳米粒(fCnu-PbCA-nP)。方法以α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(bCA)为载体,采用乳化聚合法制备fCnu-PbCA-nP,并加以聚乙二醇20000(PEg20000)进行表面修饰,通过考察粒径和包封率两个指标,在单因素实验初选的基础上,正交设计法优化处方和制备工艺。结果制备fCnu-PbCA-nP的优化条件为bCA单体体积分数0.8%(V/V)、fCnu 20 Mg、PEg20000浓度2.0%,按优化条件所制备的fCnu-PbCA-nP的粒径为(124.6±5.2)nM,多分散系数(PdI)范围为0.07--0.16,包封率(64.12±2.36)%,载药量(7.28±0.76)%。结论通过优化处方和制备工艺,采用乳化聚合法可制备出fCnu-PbCA-nP,对拓展fCnu临床给药新剂型提供一定的参考。AIM To prepare fotemustine polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles(FCNU-PBCA-NP) with optimized process.METHODS FCNU-PBCA-NP was prepared by emulsion polymerization with the α-butylcyanoacrylate(BCA) as its carrier and the surface of the nanoparticles was modified with polyethylene glycol 20000(PEG20000).Single factor test and orthogonal design were carried out to optimize the preparing technology according to the particle size and the entrapment efficiency of FCNU-PBCA-NP.RESULTS The optimal conditions for the preparation of FCNU-PBCA-NP were 0.8% BCA monomer(V/V),20 mg fotemustine and 2.0% PEG20000(m/V).On the basis of the above conditions,the mean particle size of the NP was(124.6±5.2)nm and the polydispersity index(PDI) was 0.07-0.16,the average entrapment efficiency and drug loading was(64.12±2.36)% and(7.28±0.76)%,respectively.CONCLUSION An optimized nanoparticle drug delivery system is obtained by emulsion polymerization and provides a new direction for fotemutine dosage forms in future.福建省自然科学基金(2006J0188);厦门市科技局基金(3502Z20064013

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军