论国际投资仲裁中的条约挑选问题——善意原则适用的视角

在国际投资条约碎片化的背景下,国际投资实践中普遍存在着条约挑选行为,给国际投资的长远持续发展造成了损害,应加以制止。在国际投资仲裁中,与文义解释标准相比,适用善意原则标准更有利..

Interorganizational Relationships: A Resource-based View

通过对文献的梳理分析,发现基础资源观在组织际关系研究方面有着重要的理论价值。组织际关系的基础是组织的内部资源,其实质是一种资源关系。可见一个组织的独特资源是其与其他组织合作的基础。本文就此探讨了资源理论在组织际关系研究中的作用。This study intends to investigate the role of resource theories on interorganizational relationships (IORs). The literature review shows that a resource-based view (RBV) plays an important role on IORs. The basis of IORs is the firm’s internal resource, and IORs are resource relationships substantially. The unique resources in an organization are the bases of cooperating with others

改良阴式子宫切除术282 例临床分析

【目的】比较非脱垂子宫经阴道切除术与腹式子宫切除术的手术效果。【方法】分析282 例非脱垂子宫的改良阴 式切除术和250 例同期指征相近的腹式子宫切除术的手术时间、术中出血量、术后体温、肛门排气时间、术后病人下床活动时 间、住院天数及术后3 个月随访情况进行比较。【结果】改良阴式子宫切除术组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后体温、术后排气 时间、下床活动时间及住院天数均少于腹式子宫切除术组(P 0 . 05)。【结论】改良阴式子宫切除术, 术后患者的恢复明显优于腹式子宫切除术

南北接力养殖对皱纹盘鲍营养成分的影响

鲍的南北接力养殖是我国的一种常见养殖模式,旨在提高南方鲍鱼在夏季的存活率。鲍鱼通常在4月份从中国南方运至北方,11月返回南方。本实验探讨了这种模式对皱纹盘鲍营养成分的影响。测定方法主要依据GB 5009系列。研究样品于2017年12月采样,为相同饵料喂养(龙须菜)的商品鲍。两组鲍分别为全年于南方养殖(连江)的皱纹盘鲍和南北接力养殖的皱纹盘鲍。结果发现,两组鲍足肌中灰分、胶原蛋白、粗脂肪和糖原含量并没有显著差异,但南北接力组(水分:76.50%WW,蛋白质48.40%DW)相比于全年于南方养殖组(水分:73.70%WW,蛋白质:56.80%DW)有较高的水分含量和更低的蛋白质含量。矿物质含量方面,全年于南方养殖的皱纹盘鲍(0.07 mg/100g)足肌中硒的含量高于南北接力养殖组(0.05 mg/100 g)。呈味氨基酸方面,南北接力养殖方式下的皱纹盘鲍,其足肌谷氨酸、牛磺酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸和呈味氨基酸总量显著低于全年南方养殖组。脂肪酸方面,两组鲍有相似的脂肪酸组成,但南北接力养殖组的脂肪酸营养价值较高。研究表明,南北接力养殖模式对皱纹盘鲍的营养成分既有积极影响,又有消极影响,但总体上看差别并不显著。国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0901400)国家自然科学基金(U1605213)福建省科技重大专项科技重大专项(2016NZ0001)现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-49)福建省海洋生物资源开发利用协同创新中心产学研基金(FJMBIO1506)~

南北接力养殖对皱纹盘鲍营养成分的影响研究

鲍的南北接力养殖是我国的一种常见养殖模式，旨在提高南方鲍鱼在夏季的存活率。鲍鱼通常在4月份从中国南方运至北方，11月返回南方。本研究旨在探讨这种模式对皱纹盘鲍营养成分的影响。测定方法主要依据GB 5009系列。研究样品于2017年12月采样，为相同饵料喂养（龙须菜）的商品鲍。两组鲍分别为全年于南方养殖（连江）的皱纹盘鲍和南北接力养殖的皱纹盘鲍。研究结果表明，两组鲍足肌中灰分、胶原蛋白、粗脂肪和糖原含量并没有显著差异，但南北接力组（水分：76.50%WW，蛋白质48.40%DW）相比于全年于南方养殖组（水分：73.70%WW，蛋白质：56.80%DW）有较高的水分含量和更低的蛋白质含量。矿物质含量方面，全年于南方养殖的皱纹盘鲍（0.07mg/100g）足肌中硒的含量高于 “南北接力”养殖组（0.05mg/100g）。呈味氨基酸方面，“南北接力”养殖方式下的皱纹盘鲍，其足肌谷氨酸、牛磺酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸和呈味氨基酸总量显著低于全年南方养殖组。脂肪酸方面，两组鲍有相似的脂肪酸组成，但南北接力养殖组的脂肪酸营养价值较高。综合分析认为，南北接力养殖模式对皱纹盘鲍的营养成分既有积极影响，又有消极影响，但总体上看差别并不显著

Component analysis and risk assessment of anaerobically digested slurry from households in China

采集了中国8个省市的43个不同原料家庭户用沼气池的沼液,进行化学需氧量(COd)、氨氮(nH+4-n)、磷酸盐(PO43？)和重金属等指标分析,阐述不同原料导致沼液成分的差异,评价了不同来源沼液存在的生态风险,旨在为不同来源沼液的资源化利用提供理论依据。研究结果表明,以牛粪和秸秆为原料的沼液COd浓度较高,分别达到6800 Mg·l？1和5800 Mg·l？1;以猪粪和混合粪便为原料的沼液氨氮浓度较高,都超过1800 Mg·l？1,而牛粪原料沼液氨氮浓度明显低于其他原料,平均值仅有450 Mg·l？1,因此以牛粪为原料的沼液COd/nH+4-n显著高于其他三种原料,COd/nH+4-n达到15,而其他三种原料的沼液COd/nH+4-n均低于5;所有原料沼液磷酸盐浓度的平均值均低于80 Mg·l？1;沼液中汞的污染较严重,且在不同原料和不同地区的沼液中具有普遍性;潜在生态风险指数rI分析结果表明,云南、河南和湖北的沼液rI介于130~260之间,属于中等生态危害,存在一定的生态风险。Forty-three biogas slurries from household biogas plants using different substrates were collected from different parts of China.The contents of chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonium nitrogen(NH+ 4-N), phosphate(PO4 3?) and heavy metals were determined.The concentrations of COD in cow dung and straw as raw materials were higher than other treatments, reaching 6800 mg·L?1 and 5800 mg·L?1 respectively.The concentrations of NH+ 4-N in pig manure and mix manure were higher than other treatments, reaching more than 1800 mg·L?1..The concentration of NH+ 4-N in cow dung was significantly lower than that in other materials, with the average being 450 mg·L?1.Therefore, COD/ NH+ 4 ratio of 15 in the slurry with cow dung as raw material was significantly higher than those in other three materials(less than 5).The average PO4 3? concentrations of all raw biogas were lower than 80 mg·L?1.Mercury pollution was serious and universal in different materials and different provinces.Environment risk evaluation showed that the pollution in biogas slurries from Yunnan, Henan and Hubei was medium and could not be ignored.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB733505)~

Simulation research on anaerobic digestion biogas generation from low-grade biomass

低劣生物质厌氧消化可以减少温室气体的排放并且生产生物甲烷作为能源。介绍了关于厌氧消化过程、底物的相关理论,还对目前主要用于厌氧产甲烷过程研究的数学模型以及碳氮磷转化的模拟研究进行了综述。其中,一级动力学模型是最为简单的数学模型,其可以通过简单的计算得到整个过程中甲烷产量随着时间的变化曲线,但是只限于较准确模拟甲烷产率的AdM1模型相对发展最为全面、应用最为广泛,且能够针对具体要研究的对象进行模型的修改。同时总结了较为常见的底物厌氧产甲烷研究模型、研究对象及结果、已有碳/氮/磷转化模拟研究及相关研究,并对开展针对厌氧产甲烷过程中碳氮磷转化的模拟研究进行了展望。Anaerobic digestion of low-grade biomass has attracted increasing interest in reducing greenhouse gas emission and facilitating sustainable development of energy supply.The theory of anaerobic digestion biogas generation and feedstocks are presented in this paper.It provides a review on mathematical model of and simulation research on the conversion of C, N, P in the process of anaerobic digestion.First order kinetic model is the simplest mathematical model which can simulate the dynamics of methane production.The advanced mathematical ADM1 is most popular, and simulates the conversion of C, N, P in anaerobic digestion.The model, simulation subjects and results of anaerobic digestion biogas generation of common substrates are given.Methane yield is the main subject of simulation investigation which is studied in almost all simulation researches on anaerobic digestion biogas generation, and some research reports the variation of volatile solid, volatile fatty acid, COD, CH4, CO2 and inorganic carbonate in the process of anaerobic digestion through mathematical modeling, with which the conversion of C can be determined.Simulation researches on the conversion of N include variations of ammonia nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen and total nitrogen.Simulation research on the conversion of P from sludge digestion is also presented.The challenges and future research trends of the conversion of C, N, P in the process of anaerobic digestion are forecasted.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB733505)~

Prokaryotic community structures in biogas plants with swine manure

采集了中国不同地区的13个猪粪原料沼气工程系统的沼液,利用16S rrnA基因扩增子高通量测序技术研究了原核微生物群落组成及多样性。结果表明,fIrMICuTES是猪粪原料沼气工程系统中的主导微生物,其次为bACTErOIdETES、PrOTEObACTErIA和CHlOrOflEXI。在相似的温度条件下,铵态氮与磷酸盐的比例是影响猪粪原料沼气工程系统原核微生物群落结构及多样性的主要因素。较高的铵磷比会富集fIrMICuTES门的菌群,尤其是ClOSTrIdIuM SEnSu STrICTO属;而较低的铵磷比则有利于bACTErOIdETES和PrOTEObACTErIA。不同营养类型产甲烷菌对高浓度铵态氮耐受程度不同(氢营养型产甲烷菌>METHAnOSArCInA>METHAnOSAETA),影响着产甲烷菌群落组成。产甲烷菌和互营菌的群落组成是影响沼气发酵产气效率的重要生物因素,高比例的氢型产甲烷菌和丙酸互营菌更有利于提高产甲烷效率。Slurry samples from 13 industrial biogas plants using swine manure as raw substrate were collected from different regions in China.The prokaryotic community compositions were investigated using 16S rRNA amplicon high-throughput sequencing technique.The results showed that Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum in these biogas plants, followed by Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi.The ratio of ammonium to phosphate was the main factor affecting prokaryotic community structure and diversity for similar temperatures and substrates.A high ratio of ammonium to phosphate enriched Firmicutes, especially the genus Clostridium sensu stricto, while Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria preferred a low ratio.Ammonium influenced the compositions of methanogens since their tolerance degrees to ammonium were different(hydrogenotrophic methanoges > Methanosarcina > Methanosaeta).Community compositions of methanogens and syntrophs were the most important biotic factors affecting biogas production rate.Biogas production rate could be increased by increasing the abundances of hydrogenotrophic methanoges and syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB733502); 国家自然科学基金项目(41301271;41271260)~