Analyzing the Comprehensive National Science Center in China: From A Perspective of Complex Innovation System

  The research is financed by the Key Research Project of Humanities and Social Science of Education Department of Anhui Province (SK2015A298/ SK2014A210), Major Economic and Social Development in Anhui Province (AHZF2018D01), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2160000007/ WK2160000009). Abstract The current study comprehensively investigated the emerging topic on the comprehensive national science center (CNSC) in China. Drawing on the innovation system theory, we proposed that CNSC is a new complex innovation system. Specifically, we investigated its characteristics, systematic components, and structural relations from a systematic perspective. Our analyses showed that CNSC has several system characteristics including platform factor, resource factor, subjective factor, service factor, and environment factor. Moreover, we suggested that the development of CNSC can facilitate the establishment of an innovation subject system (including knowledge innovation system, technology innovation system, and innovation diffusion system) and an innovation support system (including management operating system, resource support system, and environment support system). The current study contributes to the growing research on CNSC by providing a clear and complete picture of why, how and when it works within the innovation system. The results provide a reference to the government and other participants in regard to clearly recognizing and effectively managing CNSC in China. Keywords: CNSC, Innovation Systems, Systematic Stud

Guarantee System of Science and Technology Innovation Policy in the Comprehensive National Science Center: Evidence from China

The research is financed by the Key Research Project of Humanities and Social Science of Education Department of Anhui Province (SK2015A298/ AHSKY2014D16), Major Economic and Social Development in Anhui Province (AHZF2018D01), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2160000007/ WK2160000009). Abstract Aiming to gain competitive advantages in the international scientific and technological innovation, Chinese government initiated to build comprehensive national science center (CNSC) since 2016. Science and technology innovation policy is playing a significant and irreplaceable role in the construction and development of CNSC. From the perspective of public policy, the current study analyzed the policies of CNSC at both national and ministerial level, judged its characteristics and strategic functions, and provided practical suggestions. The comprehensive analyses indicated that these policies can effectively guarantee the system of CNSC with regarding to the talent development, science and technology financial development, intellectual property protection, and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Keywords: CNSC, Policy analysis, Science and technology innovation polic

Crossing at a Red Light: Behavior of Cyclists at Urban Intersections

To investigate the relationship between cyclist violation and waiting duration, the red-light running behavior of nonmotorized vehicles is examined at signalized intersections. Violation waiting duration is collected by video cameras and it is assigned as censored and uncensored data to distinguish between normal crossing and red-light running. A proportional hazard-based duration model is introduced, and variables revealing personal characteristics and traffic conditions are used to describe the effects of internal and external factors. Empirical results show that the red-light running behavior of cyclist is time dependent. Cyclist’s violating behavior represents positive duration dependence, that the longer the waiting time elapsed, the more likely cyclists would end the wait soon. About 32% of cyclists are at high risk of violation and low waiting time to cross the intersections. About 15% of all the cyclists are generally nonrisk takers who can obey the traffic rules after waiting for 95 seconds. The human factors and external environment play an important role in cyclists’ violation behavior. Minimizing the effects of unfavorable condition in traffic planning and designing may be an effective measure to enhance traffic safety

Secondary Grouting Pressure Limit of Shield Tunnels in Loess Strata Based on Bolt Shear Behavior

A loess stratum was selected as the research object, assuming that the slurry diffuses in a hemispherical shape during secondary grouting. Based on the unified strength theory describing the failure characteristics of loess and the critical condition of bolt shear failure, the critical pressure value of the secondary grouting in loess strata was determined theoretically. The reliability of the theoretical analysis was verified by the numerical modeling realizing the large deformation of formation and the dynamic injection of slurry. The critical grouting pressure of 821.80 kPa of theoretical calculation was obtained. Comparing the results of the numerical simulation analysis, it was found that the critical grouting pressure calculated using the theoretical equation had a safety index of 1.14. Bounded by βu (the ratio of expansion radius RP of soil plastic zone to the expansion radius Ru of the slurry) equal to 2.65, the water pressure at the grouting port is the main factor affecting the upper limit of critical grouting pressure when it is less than 2.65, and the effective internal friction angle of soil layer is the main factor when it is greater than 2.65. The influence of matric suction on the upper limit of the critical grouting pressure can be ignored

Traversable Thin-shell Wormhole in the 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Theory

We construct the spherically symmetric thin-shell wormhole solutions of the four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet model and study their stability under radial linear perturbations. For positive Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant, the stable thin-shell wormhole can only be supported by exotic matter. For negative enough Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant, in asymptotic flat and AdS spacetime, there exists stable neutral thin-shell wormhole with normal matter which has finite throat radius. In asymptotic dS spacetime, there is no stable neutral thin-shell wormhole with normal matter. The charged thin-shell wormholes with normal matter exist in all the flat, AdS and dS spacetime. Their throat radius can be arbitrarily small. However, when the charge is too large, the stable thin-shell wormhole can be supported only by exotic matter.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, references added; minor revisio

Musca domestica Cecropin (Mdc) Alleviates Salmonella typhimurium-Induced Colonic Mucosal Barrier Impairment: Associating With Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Response, Tight Junction as Well as Intestinal Flora

Salmonella typhimurium, a Gram-negative food-borne pathogen, induces impairment in intestinal mucosal barrier function frequently. The injury is related to many factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, tight junctions and flora changes in the host intestine. Musca domestica cecropin (Mdc), a novel antimicrobial peptide containing 40 amino acids, has potential antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunological functions. It remains unclear exactly whether and how Mdc reduces colonic mucosal barrier damage caused by S. typhimurium. Twenty four 6-week-old male mice were divided into four groups: normal group, control group (S. typhimurium-challenged), Mdc group, and ceftriaxone sodium group (Cs group). HE staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to observe the morphology of the colon tissues. Bacterial load of S. typhimurium in colon, liver and spleen were determined by bacterial plate counting. Inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative stress levels in the colon tissues were also analyzed. Immunofluorescence analysis, RT-PCR, and Western blot were carried out to examine the levels of tight junction and inflammatory proteins. The intestinal microbiota composition was assessed via 16s rDNA sequencing. We successfully built and evaluated an S. typhimurium-infection model in mice. Morphology and microcosmic change of the colon tissues confirmed the protective qualities of Mdc. Mdc could inhibit colonic inflammation and oxidative stress. Tight junctions were improved significantly after Mdc administration. Interestingly, Mdc ameliorated intestinal flora imbalance, which may be related to the improvement of tight junction. Our results shed a new light on protective effects and mechanism of the antimicrobial peptide Mdc on colonic mucosal barrier damage caused by S. typhimurium infection. Mdc is expected to be an important candidate for S. typhimurium infection treatment