Ecophysiolgocial responses of typical harmful algal bloom species to phosphorus

采用现场调查、现场船基围隔和室内培养实验等手段，研究中国近海若干海区浮游植物的磷营养限制与胁迫状况，选取几种典型赤潮藻东海原甲藻（Prorocentrumdonghaiense）、链状亚历山大藻（Alexandriumcatenella）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonemacostatum），研究该赤潮藻对营养盐（主要为磷）的生态生理响应，探讨赤潮藻的磷竞争策略，分析赤潮藻在磷营养代谢上的竞争优势及其机制。主要实验结果如下：1．现场碱性磷酸酶（Alkalinephosphatase,AP）结果表明，东海长江口邻近海域赤潮高发区、台湾海峡的南部海区、厦门港等研究海域都存在不同程度的磷胁迫。其中，...The study on ecophysiological responses of typical HAB species to nutrients (in particular phosphorus) were carried out using field survey, ship-based mesocosm experiments and lab-based incubation experiments in the high frequency HAB areas in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent East China Sea, southern Taiwan Strait and Xiamen Harbour. The phosphorus status of natural phytoplankton and the...学位：工学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境科学学号：B20033401

Study on stress status of P in phytoplankton in Xiamen Harbor

通过检测碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)及相关理化因子,研究2002~2004年间,厦门港浮游植物的P生理状态的变化。结果表明,厦门港总APA变化范围0.92~9.50 nMOl/(l.H),在不同的季节及区域,浮游植物遭受不同程度的P胁迫。厦门外港的年平均APA高于西港和浔江港,表明浮游植物遭受的P胁迫程度较深。在厦门港赤潮爆发时,P将成为浮游植物进一步生长繁殖的限制因子。During 2002～2004,the bulk alkaline phosphatase activity(APA) and other environmental parameters in the Xiamen Harbor were analyzed to understand the spatial and seasonal variations of phosphorus(P) status in phytoplankton in this sea area.The results showed that the range of bulk APA varied between 0.92～9.50 nmol/(L h) in the Xiamen Harbor.Phytoplankton was different degrees of P stress in different seasons and zones.The annual average APA in the Outer Xiamen Harbor was higher than the Western Xiamen Harbor or the Xunjiang Harbor which meant that phytoplankton in the Outer Xiamen Harbor was more severe P stress.P is considered to be the limiting nutrient once algal blooms occur in the Xiamen Harbor.国家自然科学基金项目(40806058;U0733006);广东省自然科学基金项目(7300662

Advances in researches of aquatic ectoenzyme and its relationship with red tide

胞外酶在水生生态系统的物质循环和能量转化过程中具有重要作用 ,其研究对深入了解海洋中碳的生物地球化学循环过程及赤潮藻在赤潮发生过程中的应对机制具有重要意义 .本文综述了海水中胞外酶的研究方法、活性分布特征、粒径分布特征、影响调控机制及生态学意义等方面的研究进展 ,同时介绍胞外酶作为一项新型营养状况指标的意义 .Ectoenzymes play an important role in the material cycle and energy conversion in aquatic ecosystem. The researches of ectoenzyme are of significance in further understanding the marine carbon biogeochemical cycle and the countermeasures of algae under bloom conditions.In this paper, the research methods, characteristic activity and size distribution, controlling factors and their ecological significances of algal ectoenzymes were reviewed, and ectoenzyme introduced as one kind of new trophic state index.国家重点基础科研究发展规划资助项目 ( 2 0 0 1CB40 970 6)

Research on competiting growth of some harmful algae to phosphate in co-exist bath incubation

采用批次培养方式,研究混合培养的几种赤潮藻东海原甲藻(PrOrOCEnTruM dOngHAIEnSE)与中肋骨条藻(SkElETOnEMA COSTATuM)及东海原甲藻与链状亚历山大藻(AlEXAndrIuM CATEnEllA)对溶解无机磷源的竞争生长响应。结果表明,在富磷及贫磷的培养条件下,中肋骨条藻的比生长率远超过东海原甲藻,而成为培养体系中的绝对优势种。在东海原甲藻与链状亚历山大藻的混合培养体系中,原甲藻大量死亡,可能存在亚历山大藻对原甲藻的他感作用。培养体系中,碱性磷酸酶活性随藻类磷胁迫而显著升高,可能在后期种群利用代谢有机磷源时发挥重要作用,且在不同培养体系中表现出酶活性大小及状态的差异性,该结果可能影响浮游植物对有机磷源的利用效率。The co-exist batch incubation experiment of harmful algae Prororenctrum donghaiense & Skeletonema costatum(PS) and P.donghaiense & Alexandrium catenella were carried out to study the competiting growth response of these species to phosphate.The results showed that the growth rate of S.costatum was far higher than that of P.donghaiense whatever in the P-rich or in the P-scarce condition and became the absolutely dominant species.While in the co-exist culture of P.donghaiense and A.catenella,P.donghaiense went death and this might be due to the allelopathy of A.catenella.Alkaline phosphatase activity(APA) increased greatly with P stress and might play an important role in controlling population competition via hydrolyzing metabolized dissolved organic phosphorus in the latter period.国家自然科学基金项目(40806058);广东省自然科学基金项目(7300662

Ecological study on picophytoplankton in the Taiwan Strait Ⅱ. Group composition,growth rate and its affecting factors

1997年8月、1998年2～3月和1998年8月,应用荧光显微镜、14C法分别测定了台湾海峡微微型浮游植物的类群组成和生长速率,探讨了该海域原绿球藻的存在及丰度问题.结果表明,在类群的丰度组成上,该海域以含藻红素的蓝细菌(PE细胞)占优势,平均为83%～93%(航次平均范围,下同),微微型真核浮游植物(EU细胞)次之,平均为7%～11%,含藻蓝素的蓝细菌(PC细胞)最少,平均为0%～6%;在碳生物量的组成上,PE细胞仍占优势,但其贡献率降低(52%～74%),EU细胞所占比例则升高(26%～44%).台湾海峡微微型浮游植物生长速率的变异性较大(0 52～2 25d-1),这可能与其所在测站的环境异质性(如营养盐的差异等)有关.采用叶绿素估算法证实该海域存在原绿球藻,其丰度介于107～108个/dm3之间,若将此考虑在内,在类群的丰度和生物量组成上,原绿球藻占优势(1998年8月碳生物量贡献率除外,为22%),丰度贡献率为63%～99%,碳生物量贡献率为60%～94%.The studies on the composition, growth rate and environmental controlling were carried out during three cruises in the Taiwan Strait (August 1997, February-March 1998 and August 1998) using epifluorescence microscopy and ()~(14)C-radiotracer. The results show that phycoerythrin-rich cyanobacteria (PE) dominate in abundance (contributed 83%～93%), picoeukaryotes (EU) are second and phycocyanin-rich cyanobacteria (PC) are the least abundant. With carbon biomass, PE still predominates although the contribution goes down (52%～74%), EU's contribution increases up to 26%～44%. Growth rate of picophytoplankton varies from 0.52 to (2.25 d~(-1)), which may be due to different environmental parameters (e.g.,nutrients) in the study area. Prochlorococcus may occur in the Taiwan Strait by using chl.a evaluation, its abundance ranges between 10~7 and 10~8 cell/dm~3, Prochlorococcus dominate the picophytoplankton both in abundance and biomass if included in picophytoplankton in the Taiwan Strait in August 1997, and February-March 1998, however, cyanobacteria dominate in carbon biomass in August 1998.国家自然科学基金资助项目(49636220,49776308,40076031);; 教育部骨干教师基金资助项目

Progress in the study of feeding ecology in heterotrophic marineflagellates

国家重大基础研究发展项目(G2006CB4006040

PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS of PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE DAYA BAY

利用PHyTO-PAM测量大亚湾浮游植物的光合作用能力、非化学淬灭并建立快速光曲线,同时研究浮游植物群落结构、组成、丰度和相应的环境因素,分析光合作用特征与浮游植物生长和分布的耦合关系。本次调查期间大亚湾浮游植物以集群化硅藻为优势物种,各站位最大光量子收益达到0.72。大亚湾浮游植物适应高光强,当光照达到1000μE/(M2.S)时电子传递速率逐渐达到饱和;光照达到1500μE/(M2.S)浮游植物依然可进行光合作用,叶黄素循环保护光合器官使其免受高光强损伤;当光照达到1700μE/(M2.S)时,光合器官可能受到损伤,此时电子传递速率下降,实际光量子收益接近于0。集群化硅藻能够耐受较广的光照范围及其活跃的光合特征有利于它们在全球海区的广泛分布。Photosynthetic capacity,rapid light curves and NPQ of phytoplankton in the Daya Bay were measured using pulse-amplitude-modulation(PAM) fluorometry.Phytoplankton dynamics and environmental parameters were also investigated with the purpose of assessing the coupling between photosynthetic capacity and phytoplankton distribution.During the investigation periods,multi-cellular diatoms were dominant,and their maximum quantum yields were up to 0.72.Our results revealed that acclimation of phytoplankton in the Daya Bay to high irradiance allowed saturated electron transport to occur at PAR of 1000μmol/(m2.s).The development of non-photochemical quenching and xanthophylls cycle activity could protect the photosynthesis apparatus once PAR was elevated to 1500μmol/(m2.s).The PAR of 1700μmol/(m2.s) triggered biophysical alterations in photosynthesis apparatus,resulting in the declined effective quantum yield and electron transport rate.The accumulation to extensive temperature range and high photosynthetic activity are in favor of the worldwide distribution of multi-cellular diatoms in the natural environments.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目;2011CB403603号;国家自然科学基金项目;41106117