Development and Compilation of Taiwan Adolescent Humor Instruments (TAHI)

本研究旨在發展一套適用於台灣青少年的幽默測量工具，並檢驗其信度及效度。利用「台灣地區國中生有關幽默之概念及型態：幽默對個人健康的影響研究」，於2007 年蒐集之全國性資料進行分析。研究樣本係選自台灣的北、中、南、東四個地區；各地區隨機抽取5 所國民中學；被抽中之國中的一至三年級各隨機抽出一個班級；被抽中之班級的全體學生均接受問卷調查。以團體施測及學生自填問卷的方式蒐集資料，共有1，639 人完成調查。針對量表的信度，採用內部一致性係數評估；針對量表的效度，則以專家效度、探索性因素分析、驗證性因素分析，以及區辨效度等四種方法評估。結果發現，各個向度之量表的內部一致性係數介於.75～.93，顯示信度良好。探索性因素分析結果顯示，各個向度之量表的因素結構與初擬時所預設之因素結構類似。進一步綜合信度、專家效度及探索性因素分析的結果，經驗證性因素分析發現，所有量表均通過適合度檢定，尤其是GFI 與AGFI 值均達.94 以上，並具區辨效度，顯示效度良好。本研究發展之幽默測量工具，以全國樣本進行分析證實具有良好的信度與效度，可作為評估台灣青少年之幽默感、幽默表現和接收經驗的測量工具。The purpose of this study was to develop humor instruments for use in Taiwan adolescents.We analyzed nationally representative data from the Humor project (The concept and style of humor among junior high school students in Taiwan: A study on the effect of humor on personal health) in 2007. The study sample was selected from northern， central，southern and eastern Taiwan. Five public schools were randomly selected from each of the four regions and one class was randomly selected from each of the three grades in each school. All students in the selected classes were given the questionnaire and filled them out as a class group. A total of 1，639 students completed the questionnaire. The reliability of the scale was assessed by the internal consistency coefficient. The validity of the scale was assessed by the experts， exploratory factor analysis，confirmatory factor analysis， and discriminant validity. The internal consistency coefficients for each dimension of the scale ranged from .75 to .93 which indicates good reliability. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the factor structure of each dimension of the scale was similar to the factor structure developed in our preliminary draft. Results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that all dimensions of the scale fitted the data well. Particularly， the value of GFI and AGFI weregreater than .94 indicated good validity. We developed a multidimensional humor scales and confirmed that they had good reliability and validity in a nationally representative sample. These scales can be used to measure the sense of humor， the experience of humor expression， and the experience of receiving humor messages in Taiwanese adolescents

一種矽氧層狀無機黏土/聚醚胺複合物及其製造方法

本發明是在提供一種具有優異界面活性劑效能，並可做為高分子補強劑之矽氧層狀無機黏土/聚醚胺複合物，其係以分子量1800以上之聚醚胺(polyoxyalkylene amine)為插層劑改質矽氧層狀無機黏土而得之層間距離為50~92之有機/無機複合物。其製造方法，係將分子量1800以上之聚醚胺以無機酸進行酸化處理，再混入經水膨潤之矽氧層狀無機黏土，於60~80℃下強力攪拌使其進行陽離子交換反應以製得矽氧層狀無機黏土/聚醚胺複合物

台灣北部國小四年級學童曾經發生自殺意念之相關因素研究

目標：本研究之目的在瞭解台灣北部國小四年級學童曾經發生自殺意念之比率，並進一步釐清其相關因素。方法：本研究利用「兒童與青少年行為之長期發展研究」（Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-Term Evolution，簡稱CABLE）2001年的資料進行次級資料分析。研究樣本取自台灣北部之台北市（代表都會地區）及新竹縣（代表鄉村地區）的18所國小四年級學童，共2,075人，並納入l,652位學童父親及l,841位學童母親的資料進行分析。結果：國小四年級學童「曾經發生自殺意念」之比率為19.77%，且台北市的比率(26.63%)為新竹縣(l2.18%)的2倍以上。在控制所有相關因素，並加入性別與其餘變項之交互作用，以邏輯斯逐步複迴歸分析後發現，曾有自殺意念者之特質為：居住於台北市、物質使用頻率較高、憂鬱程度較高、母親年齡較大、受父母懲罰程度較高、家庭支持程度較低之學童，以及社交孤寂感較高之女性學童。進一步將兩地區之資料分別分析，可發現具有明顯之城鄉差異。結論：本研究結果將可作為兒童自殺意念防治策略之參考，並據此提出下列建議：1．父母及老師應隨時關心有憂鬱傾向、社交孤寂感、物質使用行為、居住於城市地區之學童，是否有自殺意念之產生；2．父母應給予學童適當的支持，並對其採取合宜之懲罰方式；3．學校及家庭均應繼續加強學童之生命教育；4．學校於學童的健康檢查中，可考慮增設「心理健康篩檢」項目，以達早期發現之效；5．強化心理輔導與諮詢管道，以降低學童發生自殺的可能性。 Objectives: The purposes of this study were to realize the rate of children in 4(superscript th) grade who had ever had suicide ideation and to investigate the correlates of this. Methods: Data were obtained from a longitudinal study, Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-term Evolution (CABLE), which was conducted in 2001. The sample involved 2,075 fourth graders, 1,652 fathers and 1,841 mothers in northern Taiwan. Results: It was found that the prevalence of ever having suicide ideation among children was 19.77%. The rate in Taipei City was more than twofold that of Hsin-Chu County (26.63% vs. 12.18%). Results of the stepwise logistic regression procedure showed that resident area, substance use, depression, social loneliness, mother's age, parental punishment and family support were the significant variables related to ever having suicide ideation include. It also showed that there is significant disparity between children living in urban and rural area. Conclusions: In order to prevent suicide ideation arising among children, parents and teachers should pay more attention to children's problem behaviors and emotion status. Children need greater family support and appropriate punishment. Those who have suicide ideation should be screened as early as possible. Life education and social skills are suggested in primary schools

Trends and Correlates of Suicide Ideation among School Children

本研究目的在瞭解學童自殺意念於2001∼2005年之變化趨勢及相關因素。利用兒童與青少年行為之長期發展研究（簡稱CABLE計畫）於2001年開始追蹤調查的國小四年級世代樣本的資料，進行次級資料分析。五年均有參與調查且未漏答自殺意念題目之學童為本研究樣本，共1,532人。採用趨勢分析、比率Z檢定、多項logit模型、存活分析、多層級比例勝算模式等方式完成統計分析。 結果顯示，2001∼2005年學童自殺意念之終生盛行率由18.86%上升至51.17%，且具有顯著的線性趨勢。學童最近一個月自殺意念盛行率在五個年度分別為8.29%，6.91%，6.20%，17.95%及17.37%，顯示在國中階段有躍升的現象。2002∼2005年學童自殺意念之發生率分別為10.70%，10.81%，13.84%及12.31%。整體而言，學童的自殺意念不論是終生盛行率、最近一個月盛行率或發生率，不僅隨年度上升，且在性別和地區上呈現顯著差異。 2001∼2005年的五年間，學童自殺意念之變化可分為以下六種類型：（1）五年均無自殺意念；（2）五年內曾有自殺意念但均屬輕微程度；（3）從輕微程度變成嚴重程度；（4）呈現起起伏伏的現象；（5）從嚴重程度變成輕微程度；（6）均屬嚴重程度，所佔比率分別為48.83%，40.67%，2.35%，5.22%，2.87%及0.07%。 學童首次出現自殺意念的時間，在其就讀國小四、五、六年級時依序有18.86%，8.68%及7.83%；在就讀國中一、二年級時有8.94%和6.85%。以存活分析模式探討與首次出現自殺意念有關的因素，發現居住在台北市、憂鬱程度越高或變嚴重、社交孤寂程度越高或變嚴重、較具情感變異性人格、物質使用情形越多或變嚴重、母親教育程度越高、與家人互動程度越低或變少、自覺受到父母懲罰程度越高或變嚴重之學童，其較早出現自殺意念的可能性較高。 以多層級比例勝算模式探討學童自殺意念之嚴重度變化發現，無論學童於國小四年級自殺意念之嚴重度為何，均會隨時間惡化。此外，也發現憂鬱程度越高或變嚴重、社交孤寂程度越高或變嚴重、暴力傾向越多或變嚴重、物質使用情形越多或變嚴重、與家人互動程度越低或變少、自覺父母支持程度越低或變少、自覺父母懲罰程度越高或變嚴重、父母衝突程度越高或變嚴重之學童，其自殺意念變嚴重的可能性越高。加入社會環境因素之變動性指標後發現，若學童居住在離婚率或失業率較高或變高的地區，其自殺意念變嚴重的可能性越高。 根據本研究結果，提出以下建議：1.正視兒童有自殺意念且會隨著成長而增加或變嚴重的問題，及早採取預防和輔導措施。2.家長應多花時間與孩童互動並給予支持，少用懲罰及避免配偶間的衝突。3.學童之心理（憂鬱、社交孤寂）及行為（如物質使用和暴力傾向增多）問題，可作為預測學童自殺意念的指標。4.國中教師應注意新入學之一年級學生對新環境的調適情形，適時給予關懷與協助。The purpose of this study was to investigate the trends and correlates of suicide ideation among school children over a five year period. Data from the CABLE study (Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-term Evolution) from 2001 (grade 4) to 2005 (grade 8) were used for secondary data analysis. Our study sample included the 1,532 students followed for five years who had completed the question on suicide ideation each year. We used trend analysis, proportional Z-test, multi-logit model, survival analysis, and multilevel analysis to analyze our data. We found that the lifetime prevalence rates of suicide ideation among children from 2001 to 2005 significantly increased from 18.86% to 51.17%. The one-month prevalence rates were 8.29%, 6.91%, 6.20%, 17.95% and 17.37%, for the years 2001 to 2005 respectively. The period prevalence rate almost tripled in grade 7 (2004). The incidence rates of suicide ideation for the years 2002 to 2005 were 10.70%, 10.81%, 13.84% and 12.31%, respectively. The lifetime and one-month prevalence rates and the incidence rates during this 5 year period all showed significant urban-rural disparity and gender differences. There were 6 patterns of change in children’s suicide ideation: (1) never had suicide ideation during the 5 years (48.83%); (2) ever had suicide ideation during the 5 years that remained mild in degree (40.67%); (3) ever had suicide ideation that worsened in degree over time (2.35%); (4) ever had suicide ideation with undulating severity over time (5.22%); (5) ever had suicide ideation that lessened in degree over time (2.87%); (6) ever had suicide ideation that remained severe (0.07%). The proportion of students reporting their first experience of suicide ideation from grade 4 to grade 6 were 18.86%, 8.68% and 7.83%, respectively. In grade 7 and grade 8, 8.94% and 6.85% of students reported thinking about suicide for the first time respectively. From the extended Cox model, risk factors for the earlier development of suicide ideation were “living in Taipei City,” “having more depressive symptoms or depressive symptoms increasing in severity,” “having a higher level of social loneliness or having a worsening level,” “having a more emotionally labile personality,” “heavy substance abuse or worsening substance abuse,” “having a mother with higher education,” “less family interaction or a worsening level” and “punished more by parents or a worsening level of punishment”. Multilevel analysis showed that regardless of the initial degree of severity of suicide ideation among children in grade 4, suicide ideation worsened over time. Depressive symptoms, social loneliness, violent tendency, substance abuse, low family interaction, low parental support and high parental punishment were all risk factors for suicide ideation among children. After controlling for various social factors, it was found that children whose suicide ideation became more severe were more likely to live in an area with higher divorce or unemployment rates. These findings underline the seriousness of suicide ideation among children and the importance of facing this issue. Particularly, as we know that the prevalence and incidence rates will get higher with age, prevention strategies and support at younger ages are necessary. As lack of family interaction and increased punishment are both risk factors for suicide ideation, parents need to be encouraged to spend more time with their children and to avoid excessive punishment. Parents and teachers should be made aware of characteristics of at risk children such as social isolation, depressive symptoms, substance abuse and violent behavior. In addition, as the period prevalence of suicide ideation seems to markedly increase in grade 7, the first year of junior high school, teachers at these schools should be made aware of this phenomenon and be encouraged to assist grade 7 students in adapting to their new school environment.口試委員會審定書 i 誌謝 ii 中文摘要 iv 英文摘要 vi National Taiwan University I doctoral dissertation I 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機 1 第二節 研究目的 6 第二章 文獻探討 7 第一節 自殺意念之定義與測量 7 第二節 兒童與青少年自殺意念之盛行情形 11 第三節 探討兒童與青少年自殺行為之理論 13 第四節 兒童與青少年自殺意念之相關因素 22 第三章 研究方法 28 第一節 研究架構 28 第二節 資料來源 31 第三節 研究變項 33 第四節 統計分析 45 第四章 研究結果 52 第一節 樣本學童特質及樣本代表性 52 第二節 樣本學童自殺意念之發展情形 54 第三節 樣本學童自殺意念之五年變化類型及相關因素 65 第四節 樣本學童首次出現自殺意念之時間及相關因素 77 第五節 樣本學童自殺意念嚴重度之相關因素 88 第五章 討論 95 第一節 學童自殺意念問題之發展趨勢及嚴重性 95 第二節 個人因素與學童自殺意念之關聯性 97 第三節 家庭因素與學童自殺意念之關聯性 102 第四節 學校因素與學童自殺意念之關聯性 105 第五節 社會環境因素與學童自殺意念之關聯性 107 第六節 時間因素與學童自殺意念之關聯性 108 第七節 研究限制 109 第六章 結論與建議 111 第一節 結論 111 第二節 建議 117 參考文獻 121 圖目錄 圖1-1、1950∼2000年全球自殺率趨勢 1 圖1-2、1981∼2005年台灣地區全人口自殺率趨勢圖 2 圖1-3、2002年各國自殺率分佈圖 2 圖1-4、全球自殺率依年齡及性別之分佈 3 圖1-5、1950∼2000年全球自殺人口佔率之年齡變遷 3 圖2-1、Bronfenbrenner的生態系統模式(I)：四系統模式 19 圖2-2、Bronfenbrenner的生態系統模式(II)：五系統模式 19 圖3-1、研究架構：學童自殺意念之相關因素 30 圖4-1、樣本學童自殺意念於2001∼2005年之終生盛行率及最近一個月盛行率趨勢圖 56 圖4-2、樣本學童自殺意念於2002∼2005年之發生率及累積發生率趨勢圖 56 圖4-3、樣本學童自殺意念於2001∼2005年之終生盛行率及最近一個月盛行率依居住地區之趨勢圖 60 圖4-4、樣本學童自殺意念於2002∼2005年之發生率及累積發生率依居住地區之趨勢圖 60 圖4-5、樣本學童自殺意念於2001∼2005年之終生盛行率及最近一個月盛行率依性別之趨勢圖 64 圖4-6、樣本學童自殺意念於2002∼2005年之發生率及累積發生率依性別之趨勢圖 64 圖4-7、樣本學童首次發生自殺意念依性別之KAPLAN-MEIER存活曲線圖 78 圖4-8、樣本學童首次發生自殺意念依居住地區之KAPLAN-MEIER存活曲線圖 80 圖4-9、樣本學童首次發生自殺意念依性別及居住地區之KAPLAN-MEIER存活曲線圖 81 表目錄 表2-1、 過去研究兒童與青少年自殺行為較常應用之理論或觀點 13 表4-1、 樣本學童特質分佈情形及樣本代表性之分析結果 53 表4-2、 樣本學童自殺意念於2001∼2005年之分佈情形 55 表4-3、 樣本學童自殺意念於2001∼2005年之盛行率、發生率及趨勢檢定 結果 55 表4-4、 樣本學童自殺意念於2001∼2005年依居住地區之分佈情形 58 表4-5、 樣本學童自殺意念於2001∼2005年之盛行率、發生率依居住地區之分佈狀況及趨勢檢定結果 59 表4-6、 樣本學童自殺意念於2001∼2005年之盛行率、發生率依居住地區之比率Z檢定結果 59 表4-7、 樣本學童自殺意念於2001∼2005年依性別之分佈情形 62 表4-8、 樣本學童自殺意念於2001∼2005年之盛行率、發生率依性別之分佈狀況及趨勢檢定結果 63 表4-9、 樣本學童自殺意念於2001∼2005年之盛行率、發生率依性別之比率Z檢定結果 63 表4-10、樣本學童自殺意念於2001∼2005年之嚴重度分佈情形 66 表4-11、樣本學童五年自殺意念變化類型之分佈情形 66 表4-12、樣本學童自殺意念之五年變化類型相關因素依多項logit模型之分析結果（變動性指標以變項初始值進行分析） 68 表4-13、樣本學童自殺意念之五年變化類型相關因素依多項logit模型之分析結果（變動性指標以變項五年平均值進行分析） 72 表4-14、樣本學童自殺意念之五年變化類型相關因素依多項logit模型之分析結果（變動性指標以變項五年標準差進行分析） 76 表4-15、樣本學童首次出現自殺意念時間之分佈情形 77 表4-16、樣本學童首次發生自殺意念之存活機率依Log-Rank Test之檢定結果 79 表4-17、固定性指標之比率風險預設檢定結果 82 表4-18、樣本學童首次發生自殺意念之相關因素依延伸Cox模型之分析結果 87 表4-19、樣本學童自殺意念嚴重度之相關因素依多層級模型之分析結果 （變動性指標以變項初始值代入） 90 表4-20、樣本學童自殺意念嚴重度之相關因素依多層級模型之分析結果 （變動性指標以各年度變項值代入） 9

高潜力人才综述及展望

高潜力人才的重要性在高动态性的市场环境下愈发凸显，然而当前关于华人高潜力人才的研究尚不充足。本研究以“高潜力人才”、“高潜力员工”为关键词，在中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、Web of Science和百度学术四个平台进行检索，最终纳入40篇以华人高潜力人才为主题的有效文献。本研究将现有华人高潜力人才相关研究进行整理汇总，更新高潜力人才定义，归纳高潜力人才内涵，并从评估培养任用留任四个角度，阐述高潜力人才的管理模式。最后，本文评析现有研究的不足，并提出高潜力人才进一步研究的展望。</jats:p

Sleep quality of the elderly from the perspective of personality characteristics

目的:考察60岁以上老年人群人格特征与睡眠质量之间的关联，为改善老年人睡眠质量提供新视角。方法:基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据，使用logistics回归模型对数据进行实证分析。结果:神经质人格特征的老年人睡眠质量较差，亲和性人格特征的老年人睡眠质量较好，其他人格特征与睡眠质量之间无统计学意义。结论:应重点关注神经质人格特征老年人的睡眠问题，可以采取正念减压、本森放松训练等睡眠质量提升的干预方法，也可以采取人格训练改变老年人的神经质人格特征，来达到提升老年人睡眠质量的目的。</p