基于“形色APP”筛选广州中心城区致敏花粉植物

目的调查广州中心城区致敏花粉植物的分布情况，为防治季节性过敏性鼻炎（花粉症）和合理的城市绿化建设提供科学的依据。方法使用“形色APP”识别广州中心城区内13个调查区域的植物，筛选出调查区域内可产生致敏花粉的植物。结果共计发现102个科，265个属，311个种植物，有38个属的植物为可产生致敏花粉植物，占比为14.3%；其中，广州本土植物为20个（52.6%），非广州本土植物为18种（47.4%），非本土致敏花粉植物种类将近达广州城区致敏花粉植物种类总数的一半，且每一个属的非本土致敏花粉植物分布密度大于本土致敏花粉植物的。禾本科分布最广，全部调查地点皆可见，发现率为100%，禾本科下分属的致敏花粉植物最多，为6种（15.8%），分别为狗牙根属、稗属、狗尾草属、狼尾草属、芦苇属和马唐属。11个调查地点可见杧果属和羊蹄甲属，发现率为84.6%。结论广州市中心城区出现了不合理的城市绿化的现象，栽植了不少致敏花粉植物，有38个属（14.3%）的植物属于可产生致敏花粉的植物，本土（52.6%）与非本土（47.4%）致敏花粉植物将近各占一半，从源头上增加了气传致敏花粉的种类和数量，可能会导致花粉症的发病风险上升。城市绿化规划时，应减少致敏花粉植物的栽植

John Fryer and The Translator’s Vade-mecum: the identification of the “Vocabulary of Terms in Naval Architecture"

John Fryer was one of the most important foreign translators in China after the Opium Wars. The work that is the final result of his experience at the Jiangnan Arsenal is The Translator’s Vade-mecum. Among the preparatory manuscripts of the glossaries that were published in the Vade-mecum, the author has identified the “Vocabulary of Terms in Naval Architecture.” The purpose of this article is to examine the main features of the Vocabulary, its sources and the peculiarities of the manuscript. In the first and second sections, the Vade-mecum is concisely analysed; providing numerous references and simultaneously sketching an outlook of the production and circulation of knowledge in the period considered, the author presents theoretical discussions concerning the norms of translation applied in the Vade-mecum, its purpose and the patronage of the translation activity. In the third and main section, studying the historical significance and linguistic quality of some of the translated terms annotated in the “Vocabulary,” the author compares its terminology with the concurrent Japanese one and with other Chinese relevant nomenclatures, demonstrating the complicate interaction in the “Vocabulary” between lexical innovation and recovery of existing terms