IL-20及其受体在大鼠自身免疫性心肌炎不同阶段的表达

目的探讨IL-20及其受体在大鼠实验性自身免疫性心肌炎(EAM)急慢性期各阶段的表达。方法将提纯精制后的猪心室肌球蛋白加等体积含结核杆菌H37Ra株的完全弗氏佐剂充分混合,于Lewis大鼠双后足皮下注射制作大鼠EAM模型;将15只大鼠按随机数字表法分成3组,每组5只,分别于3、6、12周后处死取心肌组织进行检测。另取5只大鼠注射0.9%氯化钠注射液作为对照组。HE染色评估EAM急慢性期各时点心肌损伤程度;应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测IL-20及其受体链(IL-20R1/R2,IL-22R1)在各时点的mRNA表达;应用Western blotting法检测IL-20在各时点的蛋白表达。并以ELISA检测不同时点心肌组织匀浆IL-20蛋白含量[IL-20蛋白/总蛋白(pg/ng)]。结果 IL-20在EAM急性期3周时表达逐渐升高,6周时达峰值,12周时又逐渐减少。IL-20的组织蛋白水平与基因表达相一致。结论 IL-20可能参与大鼠EAM的疾病过程,并且可能在EAM的晚期炎症及慢性心肌纤维化的机制中起重要作用

Effects of mowing plus waterlogging on germination and seedling growth of Spartina alterniflora

互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)是我国危害最严重的外来入侵植物之一,探索环保、经济、有效地防治互花米草的技术对保护我国海滩生态环境具有重要意义。本研究通过人工气候室(20~25℃)的盆栽实验,研究刈割与淹水对互花米草萌发和幼苗生长的影响。实验持续4个月,对互花米草地上部分进行了2次刈割,首次刈割是在互花米草生长季结束时,3个月后进行第二次刈割。首次刈割后持续淹水至实验结束,淹水处理设计0、5、10、20 cm四个淹水深度。首次刈割后各淹水处理互花米草根茎上迅速萌发克隆苗,种子的萌发比克隆苗晚约3个月。不同淹水深度对克隆苗的萌发和生长均有抑制作用,克隆苗株数、株高和地上生物量均随淹水深度增加而减少。第二次刈割后各淹水处理均没有再萌发克隆苗,但有少量种子实生苗,其中20 cm水深处理的实生苗数量最少。刈割加淹水可以很好地抑制互花米草的萌发和幼苗生长,据此建议互花米草防治方案为:在春季萌芽前,修筑堤坝,保持淹水20 cm,在营养生长期后期贴地刈割互花米草,继续淹水,第二年重复同样的刈割和淹水。为防止二次入侵,需要在邻近的互花米草分布区同时进行治理。&nbsp;</p

Study for the Anterior Capsule of Human Crystalline Lens with Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis

在临床试验获得的形态数据和物理数据的基础上,建立了连续环形撕囊后前囊膜的物理模型,利用非线性有限元分析法对撕开口大小与囊膜最大拉伸长度之间的关系进行了仿真计算。结果表明,随撕开口的增大,囊膜所能承受的最大拉伸长度显著增加,最大拉伸状态下的撕开口周长Cr与撕开口初始周长Cc的比值(Cr/Cc)也增大。该结论与实验研究的结论一致,表明前囊膜的可拉伸性能随着撕开口的增大而增大。进一步分析指出,拉伸时,撕开口边缘处外力作用的范围会显著影响最大拉伸长度:外力作用范围越大,囊膜所能承受的最大拉伸长度也就越大;增大幅度随作用范围的增加而减小。研究结果表明,仿真分析取得的结果与实验研究结果相符。Based on experimental data,a nonlinear finite element model of the anterior capsule was constructed to study the relationship between the diameter of continuous circular capsulorhexis(ccc) and the maximum extend of the anterior capsule by finite element analysis.Calculating results showed that the capsule could be extended larger by an external force as the diameter of CCC aperture increasing.This result is accord with the results of experimental studies on lens capsules of human body.Furthermore,simulation indicates that the contact area of the external force has a great influence on the max extend length: giving the same diameter of CCC,the capsule's extend length increasing as the contact area of the external force become larger.This result remains undiscovered in experimental studies.The current work demonstrates that simulation analysis is believed to be a promising,powerful tool in the field of biology medical engineering.国家自然科学基金资助项目(60371012);; 福建省科技重点项目(2002Y021

Lewis酸对氮杂环卡宾协同催化体系中反应途径的调控

该研究基于氮杂环卡宾（N-heterocyclic carbene，NHC）新颖的协同催化策略，通过Lewis酸共催化剂调控反应具体途径.从α，β-不饱和醛类化合物出发，立足于多反应位点的高烯醇中间体，与氯化镁协作实现高对映选择性的质子转移历程，构建β-手性酯类产物；在相似的反应体系中与氯化钌协作实现高效的空气氧化，构建α，β-不饱和酯类化合物.这两个迥异的反应途径对底物均有较好的官能团容忍性，以高转化率得到目标产物. The combination of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and Lewis acids (LA) have been occasionally employed in asymmetric annulation reactions. However, synergistic effect of LA on NHC-mediated reactions remains scarce. Herein, we demonstrate that by switching LA co-catalysts, two distinct active species, homoenolate and acyl azolium, can be accessed from the same set of substrates. NHC-catalyzed enantioselective hydroesterification is one of the most straightforward strategies to prepare β-chiral esters. Despite recent advances for this redox-neutral transformation, obtaining high enantioselectivity and yield remains challenging. We recently reported synergistic catalysis, combining an achiral NHC and a chiral phosphoric acid, enables highly enantioselective hydrothioesterification and hydroesterification of enals. However, both stereoselectivity and yield for hydroesterification are far from ideal. Specifically, sluggish reactions, accompanied with ee's in mid-80% are often obtained. Additionally, competing pathways for E/Z isomerization and oxidative esterification of enal are serious for a number of substrates. In order to address this issue, we propose a new cooperative catalytic system, consisting of a NHC, a LA and a proton-shuttling agent, might accelerate the pivotal asymmetric β-protonation process. We suspect that the choice of LA might provide complementary reaction pathways from the same enal substrates. Starting from β-alkyl cinnamaldehydes, highly enantioselective hydroesterification is accomplished via asymmetric β-protonation enabled by a magnesium co-catalyst. In sharp contrast, the same homoenolate intermediate can undergo aerobic oxidation, via single electron transfer (SET), in the presence of a ruthenium co-catalyst. Control experiments show distinct rate difference between the E-and Z-isomers of enal. Substrates with Z-configuration react significantly slower under the standard reactions. E/Z isomerization is also slow. Photoirradiation was applied to address the challenging issue of isomeric enals and both high yield and ee are obtained using start materials as E/Z mixtures. General procedure for the asymmetric β-protonation is as following:NHC pre-catalyst (0.01 mmol), MgCl 2 (0.01 mmol), DABCO (0.12 mmol), 4 ? MS (100 mg), alcohol (0.6 mmol) and enal substrate (0.1 mmol) were dissolved in toluene (1.0 mL). The resulted mixture was stirred at room temperature under Ar atmosphere for 15 h. Upon complete consumption of the enal, the mixture was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography. For the aerobic oxidation, the reaction proceeded with RuCl 3 (0.01 mmol) under O 2 atmosphere. © 2018 Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences

肉苁蓉种子愈伤组织诱导条件的研究

目的　对肉苁蓉种子愈伤组织的诱导条件进行研究。方法　用不同方法处理肉苁蓉种子使之诱导出愈伤组织。结果　最适条件为 :将种子剥去种皮 ,在 5 0℃下进行 1h热处理激活 ,然后接种在添加 2 ,4 D (1mg&middot;L-1) +KT (0 .5mg&middot;L-1) +GA3 (1mg&middot;L-1) +CH (5 0 0mg&middot;L-1)的MS固体培养基上 (pH6 .0 ) ,诱导时温度为 2 5℃ ,暗培养 ,此条件下肉苁蓉种子愈伤组织的发生率为 2 5 %。结论　剥去种皮及热处理是肉苁蓉种子愈伤组织形成的关键 ,其最佳条件是 5 0℃处理 1h

The Origin and Era Implications of the Theory of Changing-phase Development of Agriculture

生物经济时代的来临为农业发展带来新的机遇,预计当代农业正面临一场新的革命,即第二次绿色革命,这场革命将从根本上改变农业发展模式。农业易相发展理论起源于农业易相发展理念,是基于生物经济与农业变化的理论,对当代农业发展理论赋予了新的时代内涵,其发展与完善对于新型农业体系的构建具有前瞻性指导作用,对于化解当前“三农“问题具有现实意义与应用价值。新型农业体系是农业发展变化与转型的目标模式和生物经济时代“现代农业“的战略愿景。The upcoming of the bioeconomy era offers new opportunities to agricultural development.A new revolution named second green revolution will be happened to current agriculture and will therefor change the model of agricultural development fundamentally.The Theory of Changing-phase Development of Agriculture,originated from the idea of changing-phase development of agriculture,is a theory of agricultural development based on bioeconomy and agricultural changes,and of which endow new era intension to current agricultural development theories.The developing and improving of the theory will benefit to the construction of the New Agriculture System(NAS) with prospective guideline functions,and will have realistic meanings and applicative values to ease the current "three-agricultural issues".The NAS is the objective model of the change and transformation of agriculture and the strategic vision of "modern agriculture" in the bioeconomy era.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所委托课题资助项目(GRZX-WT2011-03

稀土二元合金相图计算机系统的存储、输入与输出

&lt;正&gt; 稀土在金属材料中的广泛应用以及含稀土的超导材料的出现,使稀土合金相图的收集、整理与研究变得越来越重要。 根据1977年以前出版的相图集统计,有关稀土元素的相图共计186个,其中二元相图占162个。近十年来,国内外稀土合金相图的研究发展很快,截止到1985年,已有稀土相图846个,其中二元相图占466个。目前作者收集到的二元合金相图有333个。从查阅到的国内外文献中,尚未见到有一个专门的、较完善的稀土合金相图集。因此相图的

藏红花球茎愈伤组织快速诱导的研究

目的 快速诱导藏红花球茎愈伤组织，解决藏红花资源短缺问题。方法 系统地研究外植体来源、培养基、温度、光照和激素因素对藏红花球茎谤导愈伤组织的影响。结果 以出芽后芽周围2cm左右的球茎为外植体，MS为培养基，2．0mg·L^—12，4—D和0.25mg·L^—16—BA为激素，在(2l±0．3)℃，黑暗环境下培养，可以在14d以后获得60％的念伤组织诱导率。结论 外植体和激素的选择是快速诱导藏红花愈伤组织的关键

藏红花球茎愈伤组织快速诱导的研究

目的　快速诱导藏红花球茎愈伤组织 ,解决藏红花资源短缺问题。方法　系统地研究外植体来源、培养基、温度、光照和激素因素对藏红花球茎诱导愈伤组织的影响。结果　以出芽后芽周围 2cm左右的球茎为外植体 ,MS为培养基 ,2 .0mg&middot;L-12 ,4 D和 0 .2 5mg&middot;L-16 BA为激素 ,在 ( 2 1&plusmn; 0 .3 )℃ ,黑暗环境下培养 ,可以在 14d以后获得 60 %的愈伤组织诱导率。结论　外植体和激素的选择是快速诱导藏红花愈伤组织的关

山东省鸟类新记录-蒙古百灵

蒙古百灵属雀形目百灵科,主要分布于中国北部及中部、蒙古、西伯利亚南部,在山东省没有记录。2014年12月12日,在山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区滩涂湿地首次记录到1只蒙古百灵。12月29日,巡护人员又在湿地恢复区南坝路侧发现3只蒙古百灵。随着巡护监测活动的开展,巡护人员对区内鸟类种类、数量有了更清楚的了解,同时巡护监测也是保证保护区内鸟类安全的重要途径。在保护区的日常管理中,将继续加大巡护监测频率和踏查范围,为鸟类提供更安全的栖息、觅食、迁徙中转生境