和谐社会目标下理想收入分配格局初探

一、理想社会收入分配格局研究现代社会的发展表明,中等收入阶层越大,对社会的和谐、稳定、健康发展越有利。中等收入是指社会成员收入处于中等水平。笔者认为,中等收入水平是个相对数值,是针对整个社会的总体收入水平而言的。中等收入水平应该是一个区间

Distribution and Activity of Marine Bacterioplankton at Frequent HAB Area of East China Sea

作者简介: 王新( 1979~ ), 男, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为资源与环境微生物学, E-mail :wxxmu@ 163. com 通讯联系人, E-mail:microzh@ xmu. edu. cn[中文文摘]于2006年4~5月对东海近海28°~30.7°N之间的赤潮高发区浮游细菌的分布、活性和群落结构特征进行了调查.采用荧光显微计数法测定细菌丰度,荧光模拟底物法测定细菌胞外酶活性,PCR-DGGE分析该区域的细菌群落结构特征.结果表明,东海赤潮高发区的浮游细菌丰度在5.85×104~9.26×105cells.mL-1之间,其中舟山外海区域较高,在整个调查区域北部海域高于南部海域.β-葡萄糖苷酶的平均活性为0.023μmol.(L.h)-1,氨肽酶的平均活性约为其3.6倍,在5μm以上颗粒中的胞外酶活性平均占总活性分别为47.4%和44.24%.细菌胞外酶活性的分布与细菌丰度的分布无相关性,在整个调查区域南部海域高于北部海域.细菌群落结构和多样性差异较大,南部海域的细菌多样性低于北部海域.人类活动和陆源输入是影响浮游细菌分布的决定性因素,台湾暖流对细菌胞外酶活性及其分布有着决定性的影响,复杂的环境条件是细菌群落结构和多样性差异的主要原因之一.海洋细菌在东海赤潮高发区的生态作用有待进一步研究. [英文文摘]The distribution, activity and community structure of bacterioplankton in surface waterwere investigated at frequent harm fulalgae blooms (HABs) a rea in East China Sea (28b23017bN ) from April to May, 2006. The abundance of bacte riop lankton was determ ined by using the DAPI (4, 62d iamidino222phenylindole) direct count (DDC) method. The B2glucosidase and am inopeptidase activityweremeasured with fluorogenicmodel substra tes. And the bacterial community structure was analyzed by PCR2DGGE. Results showed that bacterial abundance in northern of the sampling area wasmuch more than that in southern of the sampling area. It ranged from 5185@104 ce lls# mL- 1 to 9126@105 ce lls# mL- 1. And there was the highest vaue area outer the costa l of Zhou Shan Island.The average aminopeptidase activity was 316 times of B2glucosidase activity which was 01023 Lmol# ( L# h) - 1 in th is area. The B2 glucosidase ac tivity in > 5Lm fraction contr ibuted 4714% of the tota,l and that of the aminopep tidase activity was 441 24% of the tota .l Bacteria l extracellular enzyme activity had a higher average value in southern of the sampling area. This indica ted that the bacterial activity had no direct relationship with bacteria l abundance. Bac terial diversity and community structure differed from each sampling station. Thereweremore divers in northern sampling area. The results suggested that the human being activity and continental inputting organic matte rsplayed a key role on the distribution of bacterial abundance. The d istribution of bacterial extrace llular enzyme activity wasmainly a ffected by the Taiwan warm current. And it was the complicated unknown factors that caused the difference of the bacterial community structure and diversity from each sampling station. Obviously, it needed furtherwork to enhance the knowledge of the ecological function of the bacte riop lankton at frequentHABs area of the coastal water in East Ch ina Sea.国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2008AA09Z408);国家自然科学基金项目(40876061,40930847,30940002,30800033);国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室开放基金项目(LMEB200601);长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(40821063

Bacterial Conversion of Sulfur-and Phosphorous-Compounds and Microbial Diversity in Sediments from a Near-Shore Marine-Cultural Region

对福建某近海养虾场底泥环境中硫和磷 2种元素的微生物代谢进行了研究 .结果表明 ,细菌代谢有机硫和无机硫产H2 S是养殖过程中造成H2 S污染的主要因素 ,利用半胱氨酸和硫代硫酸钠产生硫化氢的细菌数量分别为 1 .6× 10. 6和 4 . 35× 10. 3个·g-1底泥 ;进一步研究发现 ,芽孢杆菌属、盐芽孢杆菌属和微杆菌属等细菌是产H2 S的优势菌群 ,而硫酸盐还原菌的数量较少 ,仅为 2 5个·g-1,其产H2 S的作用不明显 .研究还发现 ,转化有机磷和无机磷酸盐的优势菌群属于好氧细菌 ,其中分解卵磷脂的细菌和产磷酸酯酶细菌的数量分别为 2 . 17× 10. 5和 1 2. 1× 10 6个·g-1,转化磷酸钙的细菌数量为 6 . 96× 10 3 个·g-1.本文从微生物学的角度探讨了养殖环境中硫、磷化合物的转化 ,提出细菌好氧代谢产H2 S是养殖环境潜在的污染因素 ,给出了一些改善和修复养殖环境生态的建议 .The H_2S-producing bacteria and the phosphorous-cycling bacteria in sediments from near-shore marine-cultural region were investigated. Results indicate that the bacterial H_2S production in aerobic condition is the dominating process to produce H_2S in the sediment of cultural pond. The total counts of H_2S-producing bacteria utilizing cysteine and Na_2S_2O_3 were 1.6×106 and 4.35×103 cells g -1 respectively. The counts of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the sediments were very little, only 2.5×101 g -1. Further results show that the bacterial counts of decomposing lecithin and secreting phosphatase were 2.17×105 and 1.21×106 g -1 respectively, bacterial counts of dissolving Ca_3PO_4 were 6.96×103 g -1. Traditional taxonomy and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the H_2S-producing and phosphate-cycling bacteria indicate that most isolates could be classified as members of the following Genera: Bacillus, Halobacillus, Microbacterium, etc.中国科学院知识创新工程项目 (KZCX1 SW 12 Ⅱ ) ;; 中国科学院百人计划项目

ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BACILLI IN SEDIMENT FROM A NEAR-SHORE MARINE HORTICULTRTAL REGION

通过对近海养虾场底泥中的细菌数量和类群的调查 ,发现有超过 5 0 %的细菌生物量是产芽孢细菌 ,因此对底泥中的产芽孢细菌进行了分离和纯化 ,通过对细胞形态、生理生化等特征的研究和对部分菌株的 16SrRNA基因的ARDRA分型、序列分析等 ,鉴定了 6 7株产芽孢细菌 ,其中 6 2株属于芽孢杆菌属 ,5株属于短芽孢杆菌属 .进一步对 6 2株芽孢杆菌属的细菌在底泥不同深度的分布进行研究 ,结果表明 ,巨大芽孢杆菌主要分布在底泥深度 0～ 6cm左右的区域 ,海洋芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌和蜡状芽孢杆菌主要分布于底泥 6cm以下的区域 ,与坚强芽孢杆菌性状相近的菌分布在底泥 2～ 8cm深度 ;与耐碱芽孢杆菌性状相近的芽孢菌广泛分布在 0～ 12cm区域 .讨论认为 ,应用这些产芽孢细菌资源在修复海洋环境和开发海水养殖微生态制剂方面具有一定可能性 .图 3表 3参 15A survey on microbial populations in the sediment from a near-shore mariculture region revealed that over 50% (by cells) of the biomass was spore-producing bacteria. Totally 67 strains of spore-producing bacteria were obtained and were identified by their cellular morphology, physiological and biochemical features. 12 of the 67 strains were further characterized by cloning their 16S rRNA genes. Results indicate that 62 out of the 67 spore-producing bacterial strains belong to the genus Bacillus and 5 strains belong to Brevibacillus. Among the 62 strains of Bacillus, B. megaterium, B. marinus, B. pumilus, B. cereus, B. thuringensis, B. sphaericus and B. firmus were identified, while other 28 strains could not be taxonomically identified and need further studies. The strains of B. megaterium mainly distributed in the zone above 6 cm of the sediments, and B. pumilus and B. cereus were dominant species in the sediment under depth of 6 cm. The unidentified bacilli distributed through out the entire zone (0～12 cm) of the sediment. The possibility of applying these bacilli for bioremediation of the polluted marine environments or for developing ecological preparations for horticultural is discussed. Fig 3, Tab 3, Ref 15中国科学院知识创新工程项目 (KZCX1 SW 1 2 Ⅱ );; 百人计划支持项目~

Analysis of Nitrate Reducing Community in a Near-shore Marine-cultural Sediments

通过对福建省沿海海水养殖场沉积物中参与氮循环的各生理群细菌数量分析 ,发现氨化和硝酸盐还原细菌是优势生理菌群 ,同时 ,表层泥样中的硝酸盐还原菌数量明显高于深层泥样。从该环境中分离获得 1 0 6株细菌 ,其中 5 8株具有硝酸盐还原能力 ,初步鉴定表明它们主要为芽孢杆菌属 (Bacillus)、盐芽孢杆菌属 (Halobacillus)、短芽孢杆菌属 (Brevibacil lus)、动性球菌属 (Planococcus)和动性杆菌属 (Planomicrobium)等革兰氏阳性细菌的成员 ;1 6SrRNA基因序列分析进一步证实该环境中的硝酸盐还原菌具有丰富的多样性The nitrogen-cycling bacteria in a near-shore marine-cultural sediments were investigated. Results indicated that ammonifying and nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) were the most abounding populations. The abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria occurred in the surface layer of the sediment was higher than that in the bottom layer. 106 bacterial strains were obtained from sediment samples and were tested for their nitrate reducing ability. The results showed that 58 strains of them were able to reduce nitrate. The dominant nitrate-reducing strains were preliminarily identified as Gram positive bacteria and belong to the genus of Bacillus, Halobacillus, Brevibacillus, Planococcus and Planomicrobium.The richness of diversity of nitrate-reducing bacteria was further revealed by the analysis of the sequences of their 16S rRNA genes

Expression and activity characterization of thrombosis targeting protein hu3D3V_H-tTF to blood vessel of lung cancer

目的制备一种用于肺癌血管靶向栓塞治疗的融合蛋白hu3D3VH-tTF,并鉴定其生物学活性。方法利用重叠PCR技术构建tTF与hu3D3VH的融合基因,克隆至表达载体pET22 b(+),在E.coliBL21(DE3)中表达,镍亲和色谱柱纯化目的蛋白。ELISA检测融合蛋白hu3D3VH组分与肺腺癌细胞A549选择性结合活性,凝血实验和FⅩ活化实验鉴定融合蛋白tTF组分的促凝血活性。结果获得序列正确的hu3D3VH/tTF/pET22 b(+)重组子,融合蛋白在E.coliBL21(DE3)中高效表达。纯化后的融合蛋白与肺腺癌细胞A549具有选择性结合活性,并能活化FⅩ、有效促发血液凝固。结论成功构建hu3D3VH/tTF/pET22 b(+)重组子,hu3D3VH/tTF融合蛋白具有hu3D3VH的选择性结合能力同时具有TF的促凝血活性,为开展选择性肺肿瘤血管血栓性栓塞研究奠定了基础。 【英文摘要】 Purpose To prepare the fusion protein of hu3D3VH-tTF for thrombosis targeting therapy of lung cancer and to analyze its biological activities.Methods Fusion gene hu3D3VH-tTF was constructed by overlap PCR,cloned into expression vector pET22 b(+),and expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3).The fusion protein hu3D3VH-tTF was purified through Nickel-affinity chromatography column.The selective binding activity of the hu3D3VH moiety of fusion protein was analyzed using ELISA and the coagulation activity of the tTF moiety...福建省自然科学基金项目(C0410004);; 厦门大学科技创新项目(XDKJCX20053026

缺氧诱导因子1 alpha在急性心肌缺血中的表达规律

【目的】研究心肌缺血状态下HIF-1α的表达规律及其在死亡之后48h的动态变化。【方法】建立SD大鼠急性心肌缺血模型。随机将大鼠分为正常对照组、假手术组、急性心肌缺血试验组和窒息组。用免疫组化、RT-PCR和Western blot检测心肌缺血及死亡后HIF-1α的表达规律。【结果】术后30min缺血心肌中开始出现HIF-1α mRNA表达上调，4～6h达高峰，至术后48h仍维持此高水平；蛋白质的表达相对滞后，于术后2h开始被检测到，之后表达进行性上升，至12h达高峰后维持在高水平；其它各组HIF-1α检测均为阴性。大鼠术后48h处死，死亡后48h内均可检测到HIF-1α mRNA和蛋白质的表达，但表达呈进行性下降趋势；其他各组均未检测到HIF-1α表达。【结论】HIF-1α可作为一个早期心肌缺血的敏感的辅助诊断指标，并用于急性心肌缺血缺氧性死亡和其他原因（例如窒息）缺氧造成的死亡的鉴别

Studies of preparation and properties of RGD-tTF water-based ferrofluids

目的探讨RGD-tTF水基磁流体通过磁场和RGD多肽在体外对内皮细胞双靶向的功能。方法通过化学沉淀法以柠檬酸钠为表面活性剂制备水基磁流体(MnFe2O4),弱酸改性后与重组的RGD-tTF融合蛋白结合,利用H-600透射电镜观测纳米粒径,以SUQID鉴定磁性,用MTT法、因子X活化检测和流式细胞仪检测RGD-tTF磁流体生物活性。结果成功制备出的水基磁流体能在磷酸盐缓冲液中稳定分布且具有生物兼容性,实验表明RGD-tTF与水基磁流体结合后对RGD和tTF生物活性均无显著影响,并证实在磁场的作用下能实现了水基磁流体对RGD-tTF的定位作用。结论一种具有内皮细胞双靶向功能的RGD-tTF水基磁流体已制备成功。 【英文摘要】 Purpose To study the property of RGD-tTF water-based ferrofluids double targeting EC304 cells in vitro by magnet and RGD peptide.Methods Water-based ferrofluids(MnFe2O4) were prepared by chemical precipitation method using citrate as surfactant, dispersed in weak acid to create surface charges,and coated with recombinant RGD-tTF protein.Proteins coated ferrofluids were characterized by H-600 transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and Superconducting Quantum Interference Device(SQUID),and its biological activi...教育部和厦门大学出国留学人员启动基金资

Structure,Variations and Climatic Impacts of Ocean Circulation and the Warm Pool in the Tropical Pacific Ocean

热带西太平洋暖池是引发强烈的大气对流、驱动WAlkEr环流和HAdlEy环流系统的主要热源之一,对全球、尤其是东亚气候有重要影响。针对我国在提升气候预测水平方面的重大和迫切需求,国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“热带太平洋海洋环流与暖池的结构特征、变异机理和气候效应“于2011年7月正式立项。项目拟解决的关键科学问题包括:1调控暖池形成和变异的海洋环流多尺度相互作用过程;2海洋动力过程在暖池热盐结构变异中的作用及其机理;3暖池变异对不同类型El nIO影响机理的异同和对东亚季风变异的调制机理。围绕上述关键科学问题,项目将以暖池变异为中心,关注影响和控制暖池结构与变异的关键海洋过程,以及暖池海气相互作用影响EnSO循环、东亚季风年际变异的过程和机理,重点组织开展以下3个方面有针对性的调查研究:1热带太平洋环流和暖池的结构和变异特征;2热带太平洋环流与暖池相互作用的关键过程和机理;3暖池变异的海洋—大气耦合过程及其气候效应。在此基础上,项目将力争阐明暖池影响东亚季风和我国气候变异的过程、机理与敏感区,改进模式的混合参数化方案,提出有效提高EnSO预报技巧的同化方案,为我国短期气候预测能力的提高提供科学支撑。The warm pool in the western tropical Pacific Ocean is one of the major heat sources causing strong atmospheric convection,driving the Walker circulation and Hadley cell,hence influencing the global and East Asian climate.Facing the requirement of climate prediction,variations and climatic impacts of ocean circulation and the warm pool in the tropical Pacific Ocean,a project of the National Basic Research Program Structure,was approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China in July,2011.Three key scientific issues that will be addressed in the project are as follows.① Multi-scale interactions of oceanic dynamic processes associated with the formation and maintenance of the warm pool;② Roles of oceanic processes in warm pool′s thermohaline structure and its variations;③ Influence of the warm pool variations on different types of El Nino and the East Asia Monsoon modulation.Focusing on the above key issues centered at the warm pool′s variations and climatic impacts,three aspects of investigations will be conducted under the project: ① Structures and variations of ocean circulation and warm pool in the tropical Pacific Ocean;② Key processes and mechanisms of ocean circulation-warm pool interactions;③Ocean-atmosphere interactions associated with the warm pool variations and their climatic impacts.In this project,we will try to identify and understand the processes,mechanisms and sensitive areas of the warm pool variations influencing the East Asian Monsoon and climate variations in China,and offer scientific and methodological bases for improving the capacity of the short term climate prediction by developing ocean model′s mixing parameterization and assimilation schemes of coupled model for the ENSO prediction.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“热带太平洋海洋环流与暖池的结构特征、变异机理和气候效应”(编号:2012CB417400)资

Mapping QTLs for Rice Grain Shape with QTL×Environment Interactions and Epistatic Effects Analysis

利用广陆矮4号x佳辐占水稻重组自交系构建了SSr标记的遗传图谱.联合2007年和2008年获得的两组稻米粒长(gl)、粒宽(gW)、长宽比(l/W)数据应用混合线性模型方法进行QTl定位,并作加性效应、加性x加性上位互作效应以及加性QTl、上位性QTl与环境的互作效应分析.结果显示;(1)在加性效应分析中两个群体共检测到4个控制粒长的QTl,4个控制粒宽的QTl,5个控制长宽比的QTl,贡献率分别为13.81%、15.36%和16.29%.(2)在上位互作效应分析中两个群体共检测到2对控制粒长的互作QTl,1对控制粒宽的互作QTl,3对控制长宽比的互作QTl,贡献率分别为5.77%、2.59%和7.42%.(3)环境互作检测中,发现共有13个加性QTl和4对QTl的加性x加性上位性与环境产生了互作效应.结果表明,上位性效应和加性效应都影响稻米粒形遗传,QE互作效应也对粒形有着显著的影响.In this study,a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the indica-indica rice cross ‘Guangluai 4’בJiafuzhan’ was used in mapping of Quantitative trait loci (QTLs).Based on mixed linear model QTLmapper1.6,mapping was carried out for grain shape such as grain length (GL),grain width (GW) and length-width ratio (L/W) in rice in 2007 and 2008.QTLs were determined at the one-locus and two-locus levels,and QTL-by-environment (QE) interactions were analyzed.Four,four and five QTLs were detected to have significant additive effects for GL,GW and L/W,and the contribution rate were 13.81%,15.36% and 16.29%,respectively.Two,one and three pairs of epistatic QTLs with significant additive-by-additive (AA) interaction effects (epistatic effects) were identified for the three traits,and the contribution rate were 5.77%,2.59% and 7.42%,respectively.Significant QE interactions were found for thirteen QTLs with additive effects and four pairs of epistatic QTLs.The results indicated that the epistatic and additive effects played an important role on the inheritance of grain shape,and the environmental factor had significant effects on the three traits.国家863计划项目(2007AA10Z179);福建省科技计划重点项目(2008N0122);厦门大学科技创新项目(XDKJCX20063004