Significance of Mangrove Pollen in Research of Marine Geology

红树林是热带—亚热带海岸潮间带的一种特有的植被类型和指示植物 .根据沉积物中出现的红树植物花粉种类和数量 ,推测了海滨红树林的演化、海面升降、海岸线变迁 ,追溯了古海流和沉积物来源 ,阐述了红树植物花粉在海洋地质研究中对深入探讨古环境变化和海陆相互作用等方面的重要意义 .Mangrove flora are special vegetation and indicative plants existing in certain areas of tropical and subtropical coasts.According to the variety and quantity of mangrove pollen discoveried in the sediments,this paper inferred the evolution of mangrove flora and changes of sea level and paleo-shoreline.Mangrove pollen also provide evidence for tracing paleo-ocean current and sediments source.In marine geological research,the study on mangrove pollen is also important for exploring paleoenvironment changes and ocean-continent interaction.国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 4 95 76 2 87) ;; 华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点实验室资助项目 ( 2 0 0 0 0 1) ;; 国家海洋局海底科学 重点实验室资助项目 ( 2 0 0 1-4

Experimental Study of the Abalone Shell on Cataract induced by Oxidative Stress

目的研究石决明提取物对体外培养的晶状体氧化应激性白内障形成的作用及机制。方法离体培养小鼠晶状体,应用不同浓度的石决明提取物预孵育晶状体24h后,加入1mm过氧化氢,继续培养3小时后恢复正常培养,72小时后观察小鼠晶状体混浊程度,测定晶状体组织培养液中的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量,晶状体组织中还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力。结果石决明提取物在1~2 mg/ml浓度范围内减轻氧化应激造成的晶状体混浊,减少晶状体LDH的释放,提高组织内GSH含量和SOD活力。结论石决明提取物可减轻氧化应激白内障的形成,其作用主要与石决明提取物提高内源性抗氧化系统有关。Objective To study the effect of the abalone shell extract on oxidative stress induced cataract formation and its mechanism in cultured mouse lens in vitro. Methods The cultured mouse lens were pretreated with the abalone shell extract in different concentrations for24 hours,and then 1mm hydrogen peroxide was added and continued incubating for 3 hours,and they were changed to normal culture media.After 72 hours,the opacity of each lens was observed under an anatomical microscope,the content of lactate dehydrogenase( LDH)leakages,the content of the reduced glutathione( GSH) and activity of superoxide dismutase( SOD) in lens tissue were assayed. Results Abalone shell extract in the concentration range of 1 ~ 2 mg / ml reduced the lens opacity caused by oxidative stress,alleviated the release of LDH,and increased GSH content and SOD activity in cultured lens. Conclusion Abalone shell extract can alleviate the oxidative stress induced cataract formation,and this effect is mainly related to its improvement of the endogenous antioxidant system in lens.2012年福建省卫生厅中医药科研专项课题(No.WST201210);; 2013年福建省卫生厅中医药科研专项课题(No.wzhw201302);; 2014年厦门市科技局科技惠民项目课题(No.3502Z20144030

高粱子粒淀粉表面色素的树脂分离研究

对纯化高粱淀粉过程中所得到的淀粉共生天然色素进行了树脂分离纯化研究。得到了树脂分离高粱淀粉共生色素的吸附动力学结果,3 种大孔吸附树脂 HPD-600、AB-8、H103 对高粱红的吸附为慢速平衡型。通过对树脂分离所得色素成份的红外光谱、紫外光谱、质谱分析得出,高粱籽粒淀粉共生色素与高粱壳中的高粱红主要成份是同样的物质,鉴定出所分离的主要成份之一为 5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮

Probing nanoscale spatial distribution of plasmonically excited hot carriers

表面等离激元（SP）效应可产生远高于热平衡下费米能级能量的热电子-空穴对（热载流子），从而能够引发和促进相关的光电或者化学过程，为在纳米尺度上高效利用光能实现物质和能量转化提供了极为有效的手段，化学化工学院任斌教授课题组利用前期自主发展的电化学针尖增强拉曼光谱技术，通过调控电位开关SP热载流子催化的反应，实现了有效热载流子催化反应区域的纳米分辨成像，使反应区域在实空间的分布可视化。实验上获得了有效热载流子的输运距离，从而证明了能量越高的热载流子越需要在更短的输运距离范围内收集捕获。 该工作在任斌教授和王翔副教授的共同指导下完成。实验主要由化学化工学院已毕业博士生黄声超完成。理论计算主要由电子科学与技术学院的朱锦峰副教授和已毕业硕士生李察微完成。此外，化学化工学院已毕业硕士生赵庆庆、博后何玉韩和胡树等人也参与了部分研究与课题讨论。【Abstract】Surface plasmons (SPs) of metals enable the tight focusing and strong absorption of light to realize an efficient utilization of photons at nanoscale. In particular, the SP-generated hot carriers have emerged as a promising way to efficiently drive photochemical and photoelectric processes under moderate conditions. In situ measuring of the transport process and spatial distribution of hot carriers in real space is crucial to efficiently capture the hot carriers.Here, we use electrochemical tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-TERS) to in situmonitor an SP-driven decarboxylation and resolve the spatial distribution of hot carriers with a nanometer spatial resolution. The transport distance of about 20 nm for the reactive hot carriers is obtained from the TERS imaging result. The hot carriers with a higher energy have a shorter transport distance. These conclusions can be guides for the design and arrangement of reactants and devices to efficiently make use of plasmonic hot carriers.The authors acknowledge the financial supports from MOST of China (2016YFA0200601), NSFC (21633005, 21790354, 21503181, 21711530704, U1830116), Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2016J05046), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622062) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20720190010).本研究工作得到了国家自然科学基金委和科技部等的资助和支持

Microwave radiation-assisted synthesis of Pt-CNTs

Carbon nanotube-supported platinum nanoparticles (Pt-CNTs) were synthesized using glycol as a reducer and H2PtCl6 as an oxidant under microwave radiation. The CNTs was first hydroxylated in refluxing concentrated HNO3. Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the influence of the hydroxylation time on the amount of supported platinum on the carbon nanotubes and the effect of the amount of platinum on the morphology of Pt-CNTs. Selected area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and UV-visible spectroscopy were employed to characterize the structure of the Pt-CNTs and the results showed that Pt was of polycrystal nanoparticles. Cyclic voltarnmetric study indicated that the CNTs surface was covered by a compact layer of Pt when the loadings of platinum to CNTs was as high as 0.1875 mmol . g(-1). The result, on one hand, showed that cyclic voltammetry could be used to study the surface structure and properties of CNTs supported platinum nanoparticles, and on the other hand, indicated that it was possible to obtain novel electrode materials with good catalytic activity and stability by optimizing the synthesizing method for CNTs supported platinum nanoparticles

同轴水射流辅助激光加工效率及锥度试验研究

激光加工利用高功率密度的聚焦激光束照射工件,工件材料被熔融或气化,实现工件材料的去除,具有速度快、效率高、精度好等优势。但是,激光与工件材料相互作用过程中产生的热量导致加工表面热影响层(HAZ)、再铸层等的产生,工件需要二次加工。本文研究了液体环境下同轴水射流辅助激光加工技术,探讨了其材料去除机理,建立了同轴水射流辅助激光加工试验平台,通过试验研究了激光能量、水射流初始流速及喷口与工件间隙对加工效率和锥度的影响规律,采用SEM对加工表面微观结构进行了检测。同轴水射流辅助激光加工技术中,激光光束通过水射流聚焦于液体环境中工件加工表面,其中激光光束与水射流同轴分布,水射流高速流向并冲击加工区域。通过控制激光光束或工件的运动轨迹可实现不同轮廓微细结构的加工。高速水射流可及时带走激光加工区域产生的热量、热熔渣等,获得表面清洁、热影响区小的加工表面。高速水射流可及时冲刷加工区域产生的光致等离子体、热熔渣等,减小等离子体对激光的屏蔽效应,提高激光加工效率。另外,液体环境中悬浮粒子(气泡、热熔渣、杂质等)对激光光束具有一定的散射效应,有利于减小激光加工产生的锥度。搭建了同轴水射流辅助激光加工试验装置,其主要包括:五轴运动平台、水射流与激光同轴耦合装置、高功率纳秒激光器、激光光束传输系统、去离子水增压系统、控制系统,精密水过滤系统等。为减小去离子水中杂质对激光传输效率的影响,试验系统采用去离子水与激光光束同轴耦合。本文通过试验研究了深孔加工效率、加工锥度随激光能量、水射流流速和喷口与工件间隙的变化规律,试验结果表明:同轴水射流辅助激光加工效率随激光能量、水射流流速的提高呈增大趋势,当喷口与工件间隙为3mm左右时加工效率较高;加工微孔的锥度随激光能量、水射流流速的提高呈减小趋势,随喷口与工件间隙的提高呈增大趋势,并当间隙大于5mm时,加工锥度基本保持不变。利用优化工艺参数,加工出锥度约2°,无热影响层、再铸层和微裂纹等表面完整性好的微孔

慢性病高危人群的心理评估与干预

近些年来，随着我国社会经济的快速发展、人口的老龄化以及人们生活方式的改变，我国慢性病的患病率呈现快速上升趋势，并逐渐成为威胁我国城乡居民生命健康的主要原因。根据全国第三次死因回顾抽样调查报告，心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤和慢性呼吸系统疾病成为我国城乡居民最主要的死亡原因，这类疾病占总死亡率的比例已达82．5％。卫生部公布的第四次国家卫生服务调查结果也显示，2008年我国居民慢性病患病率为20％，以此推算，全国有医生明确诊断的慢性病病例数达到2．6亿。</p

慢性病高危人群的心理评估与干预

近些年来，随着我国社会经济的快速发展、人口的老龄化以及人们生活方式的改变，我国慢性病的患病率呈现快速上升趋势，并逐渐成为威胁我国城乡居民生命健康的主要原因。根据全国第三次死因回顾抽样调查报告，心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤和慢性呼吸系统疾病成为我国城乡居民最主要的死亡原因，这类疾病占总死亡率的比例已达82．5％。卫生部公布的第四次国家卫生服务调查结果也显示，2008年我国居民慢性病患病率为20％，以此推算，全国有医生明确诊断的慢性病病例数达到2．6亿。</p

Study on the Benefits of Level Terrace on Soil and Water Conservation

在整理、分析黄土高原西峰等水土保持试验站径流、泥沙观测资料的基础上 ,研究了该地区水平梯田的蓄水保土效益。结果表明 :其效益的平均值为 86 7%和 87 7% ,但差异悬殊 ,主要是受暴雨、大暴雨质量的影响。次降雨综合参数PI、汛期降雨量和年产流降雨量分别小于 2 0 0mm2 /min、35 0mm和 12 5mm时 ,蓄水保土效益均为10 0 % ,大于这些数值时 ,效益降低 ,两者呈负相关 ;同时 ,梯田的质量也影响蓄水保土效益