通用汽车公司的全球性战略联盟

面对全球化竞争,通用汽车公司在全球范围内通过战略联盟展开竞争,争夺全球市场,努力把其打造成一个真正的“全球化公司”,这使通用汽车公司在全球范围内提升核心竞争力,发挥竞争优势。但在具体的实施中我们也发现其中所存在的问题

Study on the Legal Effectiveness of Labor Regulations

2001年出台的《最高人民法院审理劳动争议案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第十九条规定了用人单位的规章制度在一定条件下可以作为司法裁判的依据，明确了用人单位的规章制度所具有的法律效力。但是，关于用人单位规章制度效力这一问题，学界一直存在争议。2007年《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》的出台，此争议达到白炽化的程度，《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》第4条规定了用人单位制定规章制度的义务以及生效条件，但是该法条规定比较笼统，实际操作存在一定困难，且在一些原则上也存在模糊状态，比如用人单位的规章制度到底是用人单位单独决定还是劳资双方共同决定，该法条仅仅用“平等协商”这一短语来描述，使人产生无限联想。本论文试图厘...The 19th article of 《Supreme People’s Court on the trial of labor dispute cases to explain some issues》announced in 2001 stipulates that under certain conditions, the labor regulation can be used as the standard of judicial judgment stipulating its law power. However, there has been a large controversy over the labor regulation’s effect among the scholars, the publication of 《Labor contract law》ha...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：1292007115030

LTE小区间干扰协调技术研究

本文对lTE系统小区间干扰进行讨论,分析干扰产生的原因,介绍了现有的干扰协调技术,并提出一种资源优先级调度的lTE干扰协调技术

Photosynthetic responses to Solar UV radiation of Gracilaria lemaneiformis cultured under different temperatures and CO_2 concentrations

为了研究不同温度及CO2浓度下培养的大型海藻对紫外辐射的生理学响应,选取龙须菜(grACIlArIA lEMAnEIfOrMIS)作为实验材料。实验设置两个温度梯度(20℃和24℃),两种CO2浓度(390μl/l和1000μl/l)以及3种辐射处理,即可见光(PAr)处理(滤除紫外线A(uV-A)、紫外线b(uV-b),400—700 nM)、可见光加紫外线A(PA)处理(滤除uV-b,320—700nM)、PAb处理(全波长辐射280—700 nM)。结果表明,酸化、升温以及紫外辐射处理都未影响大型经济红藻龙须菜的叶绿素A和类胡萝卜素的含量。然而紫外辐射处理显著降低了龙须菜的有效光化学效率,其抑制水平在酸化处理的藻体中更为显著,并且随着温度的上升而进一步加剧;酸化与温度耦合使藻体对紫外辐射的敏感性增加,导致其较低的修复速率以及较高的损伤速率。The marine red macroalga Gracilaria lemaneiformis( Bory) Weber-van Bosse( Gigartinales,Rhodophyta) is an economically important species for cultivation in China.The cultivation of this species has been extensively spread which could be found in both northern and southern parts of China.This species could support as food resources for both human beings and aquaculture,and could also be commonly used in agar industry and biofuel production.The growth condition of G.lemaneiformis in natural environment varied frequently( especially the temperature,light intensity and quality,pCO2),which would potentially affect the physiology and photosynthetic production.Though the physiological and ecological effects induced by these environmental variations have been extensively concerned and studied,multi-factor coupling effects to marine macroalgae are still less documented up to now.To study the physiological responses of G.lemaneiformis to multiple stressors of ocean acidification,rising temperature and Ultraviolet( UV) radiation,the thalli of G.lemaneiformis cultured under different temperature( 20 ℃ as control,and high temperature group where it was increased by 4 ℃ to 24 ℃) and different CO2concentrations( ambient atmosphere CO2concentration,390 μL / L,and elevated CO2concentration set at1000 μL / L which expected attain in the end of this century according to IPCC report of A1F1 scenario) for two weeks,and then the algae were treated with three levels of radiations( Photosynthetically active radiation,PAR,400—700 nm;Photosynthetically active radiation+Ultraviolet A,PA,320—700 nm; Photosynthetically active radiation +Ultraviolet A +Ultraviolet B,PAB,280—700 nm) respectively,in the short-period.The photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescene characteristics of the thalli of G.lemaneiformis were determined.The results showed that ocean acidification,rising temperature and UV irradiance alone did not affect the concentrations of chlorophyll a and carotenoid of G.lemaneiformis,and also no interactive effects were found among the treatments.Elevated CO2in culture generally did not have a significant effect on the value of maximum relative electron transport rates( rETR max).Temperature had no effect on the photosynthetic light-use efficiencies for thalli of G.lemaneiformis.However,exposure to UV radiation strong reduced the values of light-use efficiencies.Moreover,exposure of UV radiation significantly lowered the effective quantum yield in both G.lemaneiformis thalli grown 20 and 24 ℃,with the inhibition rate being more pronounced in the algae grown under high CO2condition together with increased temperature than the algae grown at control conditions( ambient CO2concentration and 20 ℃).Combine effects of ocean acidification and rising temperature enhanced the sensitivity of G.lemaneiformis to UV radiation,which could be reflected by the increased damage rate( k),decreased repair rate( r),and finally decreased ratio of repair to damage( r / k) in the thalli grown at high CO2concentration together with increased temperature.Taken together,we proposed that under the background of global change,intensified UV radiation( ozone hole continue exist),increased surface seawater temperature and enhanced ocean CO2absorption( ocean acidification) will synergistically exert negative effects on photosynthetic performance of G.lemaneiformis,and could thereby potentially decrease the yield and affect the aquaculture of this species.国家海洋863项目(2012AA10A411); 国家自然科学基金(41106093); 科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(2012GB2E000340

SEVERAL CRITICAL POINTS ABOUT NEW RISK MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT METHOD:MARK-TO-FUTURE

给出未来计值 (Mark- to- Future) ,这一建立在情景模拟 (scenarios)基础上的风险 /收益测量与管理方法的概念、模型、指标和实施步骤 ,重点讨论了其在实施和资本配置、业绩评价和组合优化应用中的几个核心问题。包括情景模拟方法 ,市场风险与信用风险的整合 ,风险的比较基准 (benchmark)与后悔值 ,经风险调整的估值以及看跌 /看涨有效前沿等As a new framework of integrated financial risk/reward measurement and management based on scenarios,Mark to Future(MtF) has earned a wide reputation.After introducing its concepts,models,criteria,and implementing steps,this paper focuses on several critical points in the implementation and application of MtF,which include scenarios simulation,integration of market risk and credit risk,risk benchmark and regret,and risk adjusted valuation.国家自然科学基金“九五”重大项目(7971 30 0 7);; 国泰君安证券研究所资助项

基于均匀设计优化新鞘氨醇菌US6-1对高分子量多环芳烃的降解条件

运用均匀设计优化一株新鞘氨醇菌Novosphingobium pentaromativorans stain US6-1对芘、荧蒽、苯并[a]芘等高分子量多环芳烃(High molecular weigh polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,HMW-PAHs)的降解条件.结果表明,在最适生长条件(30℃、pH 6.5及NaCl浓度为2.5%)下,接种量与底物浓度是影响该菌降解能力的关键因素.在接种量D660 nm为0.6、芘初始浓度56 mg L-1、培养时间5 d的情况下,菌株US6-1对芘的降解达到32.5 mg L-1,预测平均准确率达99.38%;在接种量D660 nm为0.6、荧蒽初始浓度48 mg L-1、培养时间5 d的情况下,对荧蒽的降解达到34.3 mg L-1,预测平均准确率达99.61%;在接种量D660 nm为0.1、苯并[a]芘初始浓度60 mg L-1、培养时间为5 d时,对苯并[a]芘的降解达到24 mg L-1,预测平均准确率达98.75%.菌株US6-1对芘及苯并[a]芘的降解能力比未优化前分别提高了29.2%与58%

Prediction of Mortality and Years of Life Lost due to Liver Cancer in Residents in Xiamen

目的探讨厦门市居民肝癌死亡的变化趋势,为厦门市肝癌综合防治工作提供依据。方法收集整理2004-2013年厦门市居民肝癌死亡资料计算死亡率、平均减寿年数(AYLL)、死亡率年均变化百分比等评价指标,用GM(1,1)模型对死亡率和AYLL进行预测。结果 2004-2013年,厦门市居民因肝癌死亡率31.95/10万,年均下降2.0%,男性死亡率是女性的3.81倍;AYLL为16.74年,存在下降趋势。GM(1,1)模型预测值与实际值平均相对误差2.27%~3.71%,预测2014-2018年肝癌死亡率和AYLL值均有所下降。结论 GM(1,1)模型可用于厦门市居民肝癌死亡率和减寿趋势预测,未来肝癌死亡虽有下降趋势,但仍呈高位态势,仍要重视肝癌的预防控制工作。Objective To explore the trend of mortality and years of life lost due to liver cancer in residents in Xiamen,so as to provide the basis data on preventing liver cancer in Xiamen. Methods The data of residents in Xiamen dying of liver cancer from 2004 to 2013 was collected and cleared up to calculate the evaluation indexes including the mortality rate, the average potential life lost( AYLL), and the average percentage change( APC) of mortality rate. GM( 1,1) model was used to predict the future mortality and AYLL. Results From 2004 to 2013, the average mortality rate of liver cancer in residents in Xiamen was 31. 95 per 100000 persons.,of which in male was 3. 81 times as that in female. The APC was 2. 0%. The AYLL,which was16. 74 years,had decline trend from 2004 to 2013. The mean absolute percentage errors between observed values and fitted values were 2. 27%- 3. 71%. The mortality rate and AYLL of liver cancer in residents in Xiamen would decrease from 2014 to 2018.Conclusion GM( 1,1) model could be used to forecast the trend of mortality and years of life lost due to liver cancer in residents in Xiamen. Though there is descending trend of mortality and years of life lost in future, the value of mortality is still high.So we still have to pay more attentions on preventing and curing of liver cancer