An Analysis of England Junior Football Training Theory and Practice —— Based on the Four Corners Model and STEPS Principle

文章运用实地访谈法、文献资料法等方法对英格兰青少年足球运动员训练培养的内容与方法进行了研究.通过分析训练实例得出,四角模型能从技术、体能、心理和社交四个方面综合培养青少年足球运动员的比赛能力;STEPS原则广泛应用于英格兰青少年各个年龄阶段的足球训练,且不同年龄阶段培养、发展技能的侧重点十分明确;在训练内容的安排上,注重进阶,接近实战,训练内容和方法具有科学性、针对性和全面性.文章旨在为我国青少年足球运动员的训练培养提供参考.This paper studies the contents and methods of training for young soccer players in England by means of field interviews, literature materials and logic analysis. Through the analysis of the training examples, the research finds that the four corners model can train young athletes comprehensively from four aspects： technique, physical, psychology and social communication. STEPS principle is applied widely for the training of youngsters in different ages, and its focus of developing skills is very clear. In the arrangement of training contents, it pays attention to the advanced steps, close to actual combat, and its training content and methods are scientific, targeted and comprehensive. The aim of the study is to provide reference for the training of the young soccer players in our country.2016年福建省中青年教师教育科研项目（JAS160005

Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Study of Gold Nanoparticles with Different Shapes

【中文文摘】使用514 5nm激光激发,第一次得到了不同形状金纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)。一般情况下,较短波长(600nm)的激发。然而,对特殊形状的自组装金纳米粒子,由于避雷针效应,即使使用绿光激发也可获得很高增强的SERS。 【英文文摘】In this communication, we obtained for the first time the SERS spectra of gold at the laser excitation of 514.5 nm by fabricating the ordered array of gold nanoparticles with special shapes, e.g., sphere, tadpole, and pearlchain. Selfassemble method of these gold nanoparticles is briefly introduced. In general, the enhancement of gold by the laser excitation of short wavelength (600 nm) becuase that the coupling between conduction electrons and interband electronic transitions by using 514. 5 nm depresses the quality of the surface plasmon resonance of gold metals considerably. Our observation reveals that the SERS of self2assembly gold nanoparticles with special shape can be rather high even using the green light excitation , which is mainly due to the lightning2rod effect.国家自然科学基金创新群体研究资助项目(20021002);; 国家自然科学基金九五重点项目(29833060

A DDA Calculation on the Optical Properties of Silver Nanorods

【中文文摘】利用离散偶极近似 (Discretedipoleapproximation ,简称DDA)的方法 ,从理论上对粒子的形状、尺寸及周围介质等因素对银纳米粒子 ,特别是银纳米棒的光学性质的影响进行了较系统的研究 .计算表明 ,置于空气中的棒状银纳米粒子的光学性质与其形状密切相关 ,纵向表面等离子体共振吸收峰的位置随纳米棒长径比的增加呈现线性红移关系 .给出了空气中银纳米棒纵向表面等离子体共振吸收峰的位置随长径比变化的DDA拟合公式 .如果将金属纳米粒子置于折射率更高的介电环境中 ,其纵向等离子体共振吸收峰的位置进一步呈现线性红移关系 .合成的银纳米粒子的TEM图像及相关的UV VIS消光光谱显示DDA计算结果与实验值相当一致 .DDA算法与Mie′s理论在计算球状银纳米粒子的消光系数时给出很接近的结果 ,这表明用DDA的方法来分析银的光学性质是准确可靠的 ;而DDA算法对银纳米棒消光特性的成功拟合则表明 ,该算法相对Gans′理论而言 ,在研究纳米粒子的光学性质时具有更广的适用性及更高的准确性 . 【英文文摘】The optical properties of metal nanoparticles are quite different from those of the bulk materials mainly due to the collective oscillations of their conduction electrons known as the surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which is strongly dependent on the particle shape and size, and the dielectric properties of the local environment where the nanoparticles are embedded in. Based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method, we studied the optical properties of silver nanorods with different aspect ratios ...Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (2 0 2 2 80 2 0,2 0 0 2 10 0 2

The Size and Shape Effects on the Optical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles

【中文文摘】纳米尺度的金属及半导体呈现出特殊的光学、电学及磁学性质,采用近年发展起来的离散偶极近似(DDA)的方法,我们分析了金纳米粒子的尺寸及形状对其光学性质的影响。粒子周围介质的影响在文中亦作了分析。计算结果显示,金纳米粒子的等离子体吸收带同时受到粒子尺寸和形状的影响,但来自形状的影响更为明显。与米氏理论及扩展的甘氏理论相比较,DDA方法在粒子尺寸不再远小于入射光波长的时候更准确,并能应用于任何形状的纳米粒子。理论计算与实验结果能较好的吻合。 【英文文摘】Metals and semiconductors exhibit unusual optical, electronic, and magnetic properties at the nanometer scale. Based on the newly developed method, discrete dipole approximation (DDA), the dependence of the optical properties of the gold nanoparticles on the size and shape was analyzed. The effects of the surrounding medium were also taken into consideration in the calculation. The calculated results show that the plasmon absorption band depends on both the size and shape of the gold noanoparticles. However , the influence of the shape is more significant . Compared to the Mieps theory and the extension , Gansp theory , the DDA method is more accurate when the dimensions of the particles are not much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light and can be applied to particles of any shape. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.国家自然科学基金项目,批准号为 :20003008,2983306

Study on the Ecological Relationship Between a Red- tide Causative Alga and Three Strains of Bacteria Isolated from Xiamen Harbor

选择我国沿海易发有毒赤潮藻——塔马亚历山大藻[A lex and rium tam arense (L ebour) Balech, 1985 ]和从厦门海域筛选的海洋细菌作为实验材料, 研究在实验生态条件下A . tam arense 的生理生态特征, 及其与3 株从厦门海域筛选的海洋细菌S5, S7, S10与A. tam arense 共同培养表现的生态关系的差异性。结果表明: 在实验室条件下,A. tam arense 可以较好地生长并保持自然状态下的若干特性, 其生长曲线与微型生物的生长曲线相似; 分别在藻细胞生长的延滞期和指数期加入细菌过滤液, 发现3 种海洋细菌的过滤液对A. tamarense 生长有不同的抑制作用效果。三者的抑藻能力大小依次为S10> S5> S7。本文对海洋细菌抑藻作用机理、赤潮的生物防治可能性进行了讨论.国家自然科学基金重大基金资助项目(39790110) ; 福建省自然科学基金重点资助项目(D0020001

Progress of Organic Chemistry(2011～2012)

本文综述了中国大陆地区有机化学研究人员2011至2012年两年内在合成方法学、有机合成化学、元素有机化学以及天然产物化学等领域获得的重要成果。文章中共引用参考文献355篇,其中110多篇手性金属配合物和有机小分子催化的不对称反应、金属催化的碳氢键活化等合成方法学论文和30余篇氟有机化学论文基本来源于德国《应用化学》(国际版)和《美国化学杂志》。本文汇集了中国有机化学家两年中合成的150多个具有生物活性和化学结构多样性的天然产物,其中不乏具有高度挑战性的复杂天然分子。在近两年中中国有机化学家从陆地和海洋的生物体内发现各种不同类型新天然产物90多个。This biennale report reviewed the major achievements of organic chemistry involved to synthetic methodologies,synthetic chemistry,element-organic chemistry,and natural product chemistry in Mainland of China.There were 355 references cited in this report.Among them,about 110 papers related to the synthetic methodologies as well as about 30 papers of organofluorine chemistry reported herein were collected solely from ACIE and JACS.The report presented the synthesis of more than 150 natural products with diverse chemical structures and bioactivities,including some complex molecules with high synthetic challenge as well as the isolation of more than 90 new natural products with various structural types from continental or /and marine creatures,which were reported by Chinese chemists in 2011 ~ 2012

基于分子技术的1株产毒藻藻际细菌多样性分析

采用构建16SrDNA克隆文库的方法,对实验室保存的1株产毒塔玛亚历山大藻在不同时期的藻际细菌群落多样性进行了分析.限制性片段长度多态性(restrictionfragment length polymorphism,RFLP)结果表明,塔玛亚历山大藻藻际微生物的16SrDNA克隆文库中的克隆子总共可分为34种基因型,选取各谱型的代表克隆子测定其16SrDNA片段核苷酸序列,将所获得的序列与GenBank数据库进行BLAST比对,结果表明所有基因型分属于2个细菌类群:变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes).在延滞期的藻培养液中,α-Proteobacteria占36.4%,β-Proteobacteria占9.1%,γ-Proteobacteria占27.3%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)占27.3%;在指数后期的培养液中,α-Proteobacteria占53.3%,β-Proteobacteria占13.3%,γ-Proteobacteria占6.7%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)占26.7%;在稳定期的培养液中,α-Proteobacteria占47.8%,β-Proteobacteria占8.7%,γ-Proteobacteria占21.7%,δ-Proteobacteria占4.3%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)占17.4%;其中有不少克隆子与已知序列同源性低于94%,表明塔玛亚历山大藻藻际环境中附着有新的未开发的微生物资源,这些细菌可能在微藻的生消过程中起着重要的调控作用,所以本研究结果在赤潮微生物调控中具有重要的理论意义和应用价值

类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家

Propeller drive wave energy conversion mechanism for ocean measuring platform

本发明属于水下机器人工程领域，具体地说是一种用于海洋测量平台的螺旋桨驱动波浪能转化机构，包括壳体、卷轮、封板、传动机构及螺旋桨，壳体上左右两侧分别设有型腔，每个型腔内均转动安装有卷轮；型腔的上下两面均设有封板，左右两型腔上面的封板位于同侧，下面的封板位于同侧、且与上面的封板安装方向相反，封板的一侧安装在壳体上，另一侧为在水流通过时可开启的自由侧；卷轮上均布有多个叶片，每个卷轮的轮轴均通过传动机构连接有同向旋转的螺旋桨；转化机构在升降的过程中，水流由左右两型腔的同一侧经过，通过卷轮带动螺旋桨转动，左右两侧型腔中的卷轮旋转方向相反。本发明具有操作简单，故障率低，安全可靠，成本低，绿色环保等优点