Basic aluminum sulfate@graphene hydrogel composites: preparation and application for removal of fluoride

National Natural Science Foundation of China [21104041]Porous composites based on basic aluminum sulfate and graphene hydrogel (BAS@GHG) were prepared via homogeneous precipitation of BAS in GHG, and used as adsorbents for fluoride removal from water. The BAS@GHG composites have a porous structure with a chemically converted graphene three dimensional network coated by a thin layer of amorphous BAS. These composites showed high adsorption capacities of up to 33.4 mg g(-1) at equilibrium fluoride concentrations of 10.7 mg L-1 and temperatures of 298 K, higher than those of previously reported graphene and aluminum-based adsorbents. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm were analyzed by fitting experimental data with pseudo-first-order kinetics, the Weber-Morris model and Langmuir equations. The effects of temperature, pH value, and co-existing anions on the adsorption of fluoride were also investigated

Mechanism investigation and suppression of self-discharge in active electrolyte enhanced supercapacitors

National Natural Science Foundation of China [21104041]The self-discharge (SDC) process of active electrolyte enhanced supercapacitors (AEESCs) was investigated systematically. The AEESC with hydroquinone as an active electrolyte showed higher specific capacitance but much faster SDC compared with electronic double layer supercapacitors. The electrode process of the above AEESC was studied, and the mechanism of the SDC process was investigated quantitatively. The migration of the active electrolyte between two electrodes of the device was found to be the primary reason for the fast SDC. Two strategies were designed to suppress the migration of the active electrolyte. Following these strategies, two new AEESCs were fabricated, with a Nafion (R) membrane as the separator and CuSO4 as the active electrolyte. The two AEESCs showed both high specific capacitances and longer SDC times, demonstrating that the problem of poor energy retention of AEESCs was successfully solved

Synthesis of metal nanoparticle@graphene hydrogel composites by substrate-enhanced electroless deposition and their application in electrochemical sensors

National Natural Science Foundation of China [21104041]In this paper, a green and facile method based on substrate-enhanced electroless deposition is designed for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) metal nanoparticle@ graphene hydrogel (MNP@GHG) composites. A galvanic cell was constructed by inducing nickel foam as the substrate of GHG, to enhance the deposition of MNPs via galvanic cell reaction. Various MNPs with redox potential higher than that of Ni, including Au, Pt, Pd and Cu, were successfully deposited onto GHG. The produced gold nanoparticles/GHG composite showed good electrocatalytic activity and was used to fabricate an amperometric sensor towards uric acid with good sensitivity

Electrochemical supercapacitor with polymeric active electrolyte

National Natural Science Foundation of China [21104041]An electrochemical supercapacitor with a polymeric active electrolyte was designed and fabricated in this work. A water-soluble conducting polymer, sulfonated polyaniline (SPAni), was used in the supercapacitor as the active electrolyte and a semipermeable membrane was employed as the separator of the device. It was found that SPAni in the electrolyte can provide pseudocapacitance via its reversible electrochemical redox reaction. Owing to the good stability of SPAni, the supercapacitor has a long cycling life. Moreover, the migration of SPAni between the two electrodes was blocked by the semipermeable membrane separator, thus self-discharge caused by the shuttle effect of SPAni was suppressed. The research in this paper demonstrates the possibility of using a polymer as the active electrolyte in a supercapacitor and has paved a new way to achieve active electrolyte enhanced supercapacitors with high capacitance and good energy retention

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沥青混凝土公路施工技术在公路工程施工中的应用探析

沥青混凝土公路施工是当前全世界主流趋势，目前中国将沥青混凝土用于道路施工技术已经很成熟，沥青混凝土的安全技术生产开始受到重视，技术与安全才是保证施工效率的首要，论文主要对沥青混凝土技术与安全生产进行全面应用探析。</jats:p

A case study of Kashi River: The change of temperature and precipitation near reservoir in the Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang

在中国西北和西南的大型水电开发过程中，山区各个主要河流上都建造了大型水电工程。新疆天山山区，是新疆主要河流的发源地。 目前， 这些地区已经建成水电基地。而这些水库在高寒山区建立，与中国东部的水库产生的效应不同。本研究以新疆伊犁喀什河吉林台水电站为案例研究，通过站点数据、模式数据和遥感数据进行深入分析。在研究过程中，首先，以地面观测数据为真值，对本论文中使用的格点化模式数据和遥感数据进行评估。其次，使用蒙特卡洛方法重建百年时间内气温和降水， 明确流域内百年气候变化趋势，消除区域气候波动。再次，在相邻区域气候格局近似、 相邻时段气候格局相关的假说基础上，选取喀什河流域水库附近的尼勒克站作为代表站，与相邻站点建立线性和非线性关系的统计模型，分析水库建成对于尼勒克站的影响。随后，利用经过评估后的格点化降水数据分析水库建成前后的多年降水空间变化，分析水库建成后影响的区域。最终， 得出以下结论：1、在 CFSR 再分析数据、 CHIRPS 遥感降水数据、 PERSIANN-CDR 遥感降水数据和 MSWEP V1 多源融合降水数据评估工作中， 发现 MSWEP V1 降水数据在年际和年内的统计指标均优于其他三套降水数据。 在对 WRF 长时间区域气候模拟数据评估中，发现 WRF 输出的气温和降水数据在年际尺度上， WRF 模式年平均气温和年降水距平观测气温和降水的距平分布整体上趋势吻合较好。2、在百年尺度上，伊犁河流域的气温和降水都呈现增加的趋势，尤其是气温的增加趋势更加明显。而降水处于波动中增加。 伊犁河谷， 山区和平原地区1931~1960 年是百年间气温较低时期， 1991~2010 年是温度最高时期，山区和平原气温分别达到 1.4℃和 6.3℃。在年内尺度，盆地内山区冬季气温百年间变幅较大，夏季气温变幅较小。气温的增幅主要以冬季增幅为主。3、在站点尺度上， 2005 年水库建成后尼勒克的气温和降水，呈现显著的由水库引起的湖泊效应。在暖季，气温偏冷，冬季呈现不同程度的偏暖。对于降水，冬季相对于水库建成前增多，夏季减少。4、在尼勒克站，降雪事件主要发生在-5~2℃气温区间，而并不是气温越冷、降雪越多。 1985~2005 年区域的降雪量较多，而 2005~2008 年之间尼勒克及周边站点的降雪量均处于贫雪状态， 随后降雪增加。 而 2005 年这个突变是由水库修建而导致的区域气候突变现象。5、基于多源融合技术的 MSWEP 降水数据，反映出水库的修建对于喀什河上游的影响较大，降水呈现增加现象，而在下游降水在全年、冷季和暖季都存在不同程度降水减少现象

高速电梯中隧道气动效应的实验研究

本文针对高速电梯运行过程中存在的隧道效应进行了初步的实验研究,测量了在不同的设计参数(开口比和阻塞比)下四种头部形状(平头形、圆锥形、圆头形和抛物线形)的电梯箱体模型在运行过程中其前后井道中的平均压强和压强差的变化情况,分析了各种设计参数和箱体头部外形对电梯井道内平均压强的影响,并对其中的三种头部外形(平头形、圆头形和抛物线形)的模型在低速情况下进行了流动显示实验,得到不同的R数下各种头部形状的模型周围(特别是尾部)的流动情况以及它们之间的差别