结直肠癌死亡患者的肿瘤转移部位、发生率及预后

目的既往有多个报道结直肠癌转移方式的研究，但尚缺少基于长期随访并以死亡作为观察终点，总结CRC转移部位、发生率以及相关生存数据的研究。方法本研究回顾中山大学附属第六医院373例结直肠癌死亡患者资料，统计分析肿瘤转移的部位、发生率以及生存资料。结果334例（89.5%）患者为肿瘤相关性死亡，肝转移率为51.5%，肺转移率为40.4%，腹膜转移率为55.7%。单纯肝、肺、腹膜转移患者数分别为27例（8%）、21例（6.3%）、63例（18.9%）。单纯肺转移患者生存明显优于单纯肝转移或单纯腹膜转移（P<0.01）。肝肺腹膜同时转移的患者共66例（19.7%）且预后最差（P<0.01）。结论并非所有死亡结直肠癌患者都会出现肝肺腹膜同时转移。不同患者的转移方式存在差异，并与生存相关

植物模式标本的考证与数字化:以中国国家植物标本馆为例

模式标本是最重要的植物标本,是确定植物学名的依据,是植物分类学家从事植物系统分类研究必不可少的科学材料,也是开展专科专属研究、编写国家或地方植物志、进行植物区系调查研究、开发利用和保护植物资源的重要基本资料。但模式标本的人为和自然毁损难以避免,模式标本及其标签信息的数字化使得模式标本的形态、地理分布、采集等主要信息得到最大限度的永久保存,可以极大地方便模式标本信息的共享,可以为科学研究人员或相关人员提供植物形态、地理分布、历史变迁等多方面的信息。本文以中国科学院植物研究所国家植物标本馆维管束植物模式标本数字化建设为例,详细介绍了规范化整理模式标本的方法、模式标本数字化的操作流程,并通过大量实例介绍了模式标本考订的过程、常见问题的处理方法等,以期为其他单位开展模式标本数字化建设提供经验

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies