シュジュツ チョクゴ ノ カンサツ ノウリョク ノ イクセイ ニ ムケタ エンシュウ シドウ ノ カダイ

本研究は、「手術直後の観察」能力を育成するため、領域別実習1週目に行う学内演習について、今後の演習方法を検討するため課題を明らかにすることを目的に実施した。研究方法は、質的帰納的研究で、演習の指導教員7名の参加によりグループディスカッションを行い、教員が指導上の困難に思った事項をデータとし、内容分析の方法を用い分析した。結果、演習指導上で困難と捉えている内容のカテゴリーは、1.【個別の状況を踏まえた看護の焦点化による具体的な観察】、2.【術後の患者の状態、治療状況に応じた観察】、3.【術後の安全・安楽に着目したケアに繋がる観察】、4.【看護の焦点に対応した観察結果のアセスメント】、5.【教員の迷い】の5つが抽出された。その共通する要素から演習上の課題は、1)実践に即した思考のプロセスを辿る学習の促進と、2)手術直後の核となる観察を思考から実践に繋げ体系的に学ぶ学習の再構造化にあると考えた。This study was done to clarify how to practice for developing student\u27s competence in physical assessment of postoperative patient.Seven instructors who teach students the way of physical assessment of postoperative patient discussed about cases that was difficult to teach. Qualitative studies of these data was analyzed. Then, five categories ("Evaluation patient\u27s condition and specific observation focusing on their problem", "Observation according to postoperative patient\u27s condition and contents of medical treatment", "Observation care connect to postoperative safety and comfort", "Nursing assessment based on observation", "Hesitation of instructor") were identified. These results suggest that problems in practice of physical assessment of postoperative patient were promotion of the study which follows the process of thinking adapted to practice and re-structure of the study which links the immediate postoperative observation to practice and learns it from thinking systematically

OH Produced from o-nitrophenol photolysis: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation

As an important class of nitroaromatic compounds, nitrophenols are of particular interest since their presence in the environment has been acknowledged. Much work on the occurrence of nitrophenols in the environment, both in the gas and in the condensed phase, has been done, and nitrophenols have been discovered in different atmospheric compartments, such as ambient air, clouds, fog, and snow. Moreover, previous spectroscopic studies revealed that the strong absorption band of nitrophenols is in the atmospherically relevant UV region (300-400 nm), implying the photochemistry of nitrophenols might be important for the atmosphere. In the present work, photodissociation dynamics of o-nitrophenol (HOC6H4NO2) in the gas phase at different photolysis wavelengths (361-390 nm) is investigated, and the nascent OH radical is observed by the single-photon laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. At all photolysis wavelengths, the OH radicals are formed in vibrationally cold state (υ″ = 0), and have similar rotational state distributions. The average rotational temperature for all photolysis wavelengths is approximately 970 ± 120 K, corresponding to a rotational energy of 1.9 ± 0.2 kcal mol-1. The spin-orbit and Λ-doublet states of the OH fragments formed in the dissociation are measured to be nonstatistical distributions. To get an insight into the dissociative mechanism leading to OH formation in the photolysis of o-nitrophenol, the potential energy surfaces of the OH-forming channels are mapped by ab initio theoretical calculations. According to both experimental and theoretical results, a possible mechanism for OH formation is proposed. It is suggested that electronically excited o-nitrophenol mostly relaxes to the lowest excited triplet state (T1) via intersystem crossing followed by intramolecular H transfer to form an aci-nitro isomer, from which OH elimination takes place by N-OH bond cleavage most likely. The transition state for the N-OH bond rupture channel is located on the T1 state and characterization of the dissociative state to be T1 state strongly supports much of our experimental findings

Photodissociation Dynamics of o-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Photodissociation dynamics of o-nitrobenzoic acid at 295 and 355 nm was studied by probing the nascent OH photoproduct employing the single-photon laser induced fluorescence technique. At both the photolysis wavelengths, the OH fragments are found to be vibrationally cold but have different rotational state distributions. Upon photolysis at 295 nm, the relative population of OH in different rotational states does not follow Boltzmann equilibrium distribution, whereas upon photolysis at 355 nm, a perfect Boltzmann distribution is observed with a rotational temperature of 1010 ± 100 K. Between the two spin-orbit states, 2Π3/2 and 2Π1/2, the former is found to be preferentially populated and the distribution of the Π(A′) state for the Λ-doublet is dominant at both the wavelengths studied. Several possible dissociation pathways of o-nitrobenzoic acid leading to formation of the OH fragment were investigated computationally. Based on the theoretical and experimental studies, a possible mechanism of OH formation from the photodissociation of o-nitrobenzoic acid at 295 and 355 nm is proposed

东亚季风增强加剧中国南部富Mg上地壳化学风化及其全球意义

International audienc

我国大气中挥发性有机物的分布特征

大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)是臭氧和二次有机气溶胶形成的关键前体物之一,研究表明烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃是我国大气VOCs的重要组分。在不同区域,城市地区烷烃含量最高,而偏远地区芳香烃为含量最丰富的VOCs。VOCs浓度日间变化多呈双峰分布趋势,峰值多出现在早晨与傍晚的上下班高峰期。目前对我国臭氧污染事件的研究均表明芳香烃和烯烃是对臭氧生成贡献最大的化合物。VOCs源解析中广泛运用的模型包括CMB、PMF和PCA/APCS,各模型均存在优点和局限性。比较各地VOCs源解析结果,发现交通排放源和工业排放源为我国VOCs的主要人为来源。VOCs的跨区域传输决定与周边地区的合作将是未来空气治理中的发展方向。</p

中亚增生造山演化与成矿预测应用研究

本成果结合中亚增生造山带的基本特征,以解剖增生楔的组成、构造样式和时代及其时空分布规律为切入点,在全球最大的增生造山带的一些关键薄弱环节进行构造解析和年代学分析,全面理解增生造山作用和其所蕴含的大陆动力学意义,建立中亚成矿域的大陆动力学与成矿系统演化模型,在此基础上开展大型矿集区预测,建立大型矿集区预测的理论和方法技术平台,为中亚成矿域找矿工作提供理论基础和技术支撑。 本成果主要创新点： (1)通过对增生楔岩石的物质成分分析,岩石组合分析以及高精度的地质年代学测试阐明其大地构造背景和演化历史,从空间和时间两个方面构建了大陆边缘增生构造带的精细结构,集约古生代的俯冲增生过程与..