Study on Corporate Competitive Strategy & Sales Strategy ——A Case Study Based on ZZ Company

论文摘要 近年来，随着中国经济的快速发展和各项基础建设的不断投入，对工程机械的需求日益增长，工程机械行业步入了快速发展的轨道。国际上知名的工程机械品牌纷纷进入中国市场参与竞争，至2007年底，中国85%左右的市场份额已被进口品牌占据，但目前仍未有某一品牌形成垄断局面。面对竞争激烈的市场格局，各企业应制定有效的竞争战略来积极应对。竞争战略属于公司层面的战略，起到明确目标和指引方向的作用，但竞争战略需要销售策略、人力资源、运作管理等相关实施策略的支持。这些策略相互关联，缺一不可，形成合力，共同对竞争战略起到支撑作用。本文主要探讨销售策略对竞争战略的支持作用。本文以中日合资企业ZZ公司为例，介绍了...Abstract In recent years, as China’s economy is developing by leaps and bounds and an increasing amount of investment is made in various infrastructure construction, demand on construction machinery is ever increasing, which puts the industry of construction machinery on a fast-developing track. As an increasing number of well-known international construction machinery brands participate in the ...学位：工商管理硕士院系专业：管理学院工商管理教育中心（MBA中心）_工商管理硕士(MBA)学号：X20021531

从法定证据到公开心证——民事诉讼中发现真相与抑制主观随意性之间的历史抉择

证据裁判主义要解决的一个核心问题是如何在发挥法官主观能动性以探明案件真相的同时抑制法官的主观随意性。在不同时代,受当时认识水平与诉讼制度的影响,人们针对上述的问题作出不同的选择,这样的选择可以视为一种从法定证据到自由心证的过程。在现代民事诉讼中,传统的自由心证已为更具合理性的公开心证所取代。当前我国法官判断证据的原则可以视为是一种"类自由心证",理性的选择应该是在恢复传统自由心证精神的同时,构筑适合我国国情的公开心证支持体系

论法官对证据行使的释明权及其约束机制——以民事诉讼为考察范围

法官释明权的行使是诉讼中极其重要的问题,尤其表现在证据领域之中,一方面可以防止法官心证的秘密性,另一方面,能真正有助于充实审理内容,及时保护当事人之实体上及程序上利益。应该正确把握民事诉讼中是否适用释明的情形与释明界限和理解《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》第三十五条第一款与第三条第一款规定内容。同时,法官对证据行使释明权应该受到规则之治、裁判制度、上诉制度及社会舆论监督的约束机制

民事诉讼证明对象范围澄清与内容审视

证明对象是诉讼证明活动中的首要环节,在审判实践中,必须清楚证明对象包括哪些具体的内容。要研究证明对象之内容,首先要确定证明对象之范围。针对证明对象范围中的实体法上的事实、程序法上的事实和证据事实,学术界争议主要集中于程序法事实和证据事实本身是否为证明对象。民事诉讼证明对象包括五个方面的具体内容,即程序法事实、证据事实、实体法事实、法律争点和经验法则

论民事诉讼举证责任转移的正当性及其制度构建

对于举证责任的转换或转移问题,理论界的观点可谓是泾渭分明,举证责任的可转移理论和不可转移理论各持一词,互不相让。为了司法实务的顺利进行,我们有必要厘清举证责任转换可否的理论并据此进行相应的制度构建

破产救济:解决“执行难”的另一种思路

"执行难"是困扰我国司法良性运作的一项痼疾,执行不力往往成为社会不和谐因素的导火索。近年来,针对如何应对执行困境的难题,理论界与实务界可谓众说纷纭,各地法院的改革措施也纷纷出台。对于这些措施,社会评价褒贬不一,执行效果亦参差不齐。笔者结合自身多年的审判经验,反思我国现行执行状况,认为执行难问题的关键在于执行中各方当事人利益冲突的尖锐化,这种针锋相对的利益之争迫切需要一种冲突钝化和矛盾消解的机制加以适当引导。然而,我国现行的执行体系无疑是欠缺这样一种制度安排的。破产救济作为一

试探内地与香港民事证据制度若干问题之比较

一、概述香港民事证据法主要由习惯法和成文法两部分组成,其中习惯法又包括渊源于英国法院的判例法、香港法院在长期的司法实践中形成的判例和惯例以及香港本土居民在处理民事纠纷中所形成的具有法律效力的习俗。可以说,香港的绝大部分证据规则还是来源于普通法,随后又上升为成文法规则。成文法则主要指依据英国的证据法则而形成的《诉讼证据条例》以及散见于各

Inhibitory effect of anti-human NRP-1 monoclonal antibody on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and its mechanism in vitro

目的研究抗人神经纤毛蛋白-1(Neuropilin1,NRP-1)单克隆抗体对肝癌Hep G2细胞的生长抑制作用及其机制。方法小鼠腹水法制备抗NRP-1单克隆抗体(NRP-1 m Ab)并用r Protein A亲和柱纯化抗体,间接ELISA检测抗体的滴度水平。Western blot检测NRP-1 m Ab对Hep G2细胞的特异性,细胞免疫荧光和流式细胞术检测NRP-1蛋白在肝癌细胞株Hep G2上的表达,MTT法检测NRP-1 m Ab对Hep G2的生长抑制作用,Western blot检测ERK1/2、P-ERK1/2、Akt、P-Akt蛋白的表达水平。结果 SDS-PAGE和间接ELISA检测纯化的NRP-1 m Ab纯度为95%以上,效价为1×10~(-6);Western blot检测结果显示NRP-1 m Ab可与Hep G2细胞膜上的NRP-1蛋白特异性结合。细胞免疫荧光染色结果显示NRP-1定位于Hep G2细胞膜,流式细胞术结果显示NRP-1蛋白在Hep G2细胞上表达水平较高;MTT法检测结果显示NRP-1 m Ab对Hep G2细胞有生长抑制作用。Western blot检测到在不同浓度NRP-1 m Ab作用下,Hep G2细胞裂解液P-ERK1/2、P-Akt蛋白的条带信号逐渐减弱。结论纯化的NRP-1m Ab能抑制Hep G2细胞的生长,其抑制作用是通过EGF和HGF信号通路实现的。The aim of the experimental is to investigate the inhibitory effect of anti-human nerve cilia protein1(Neuropilin-1,NRP-1) monoclonal antibody(NRP-1 mAb) on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and its mechanism in vitro.Anti-human NRP-1 monoclonal antibody(NRP-1 mAb) was prepared from mouse ascites and purified by rProteinA affinity column assay.The titer of antibody was determined using indirect ELISA assay;the characteristic of NRP-1 mAb binding to NRP-1 was determined using Western blotting;the expression of NRP-1protein in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was determined using immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry assay.Growth inhibition of HepG2 cells treated with different concentrations of NRP-1 mAb was determined using MTT assay,while Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of ERK1/2,P-ERK1/2,Akt and P-Akt proteins.The results of SDS-PAGE and indirect ELISA showed that the purity of purified NRP-1mAb was more than 95%and the titer was 1×10~(-6).Western blotting analysis suggested that NRP-1 mAb could bind specifically to NRP-1 on HepG2 cell;immunofluorescence staining showed that NRP-1 was located in the membrane of HepG2 cells.Flow cytometry analysis showed that the expression level of NRP-1 on HepG2 cell was relatively high.Western blotting analysis suggested that P-ERK1/2 and P-Akt expression levels were down-regulated after having incubated HepG2 cells with different concentrations of NRP-1 mAb.In conclusion,NRP-1 mAb could inhibit the growth of HepG2 cells(P<0.05),and its inhibitory effect is achieved by reducing the P-ERK1/2 and P-Akt expression.南京军区医学科技创新项目(12MA061,15MS104

Expression of uPARAP/ Endo180 and Its Clinical Significance in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

[中文文摘]目的:探讨尿激酶型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂相关蛋白(uPAR-associated protein，uPARAP/Endo180)、uP-AR和VEGF在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测58例鼻咽癌组织和30例慢性鼻咽炎组织中uPARAP、uPAR和VEGF蛋白的表达,分析其与鼻咽癌临床病理特征的关系。结果:鼻咽癌组织中uPARAP的阳性表达见于肿瘤间质的成纤维细胞和巨噬细胞,定位于胞膜和胞质,呈棕黄色颗粒状分布;uPAR阳性染色定位于肿瘤细胞与间质细胞胞浆内;VEGF阳性染色定位于肿瘤细胞胞浆内。鼻咽癌组织中uPARAP、uPAR和VEGF的阳性表达率分别为75.9%、81.0%和77.6%;与慢性鼻咽炎比较,uPARAP、uPAR和VEGF在鼻咽癌组织中的阳性表达率有显著性差异(P<0.05);鼻咽癌组织中uPARAP表达与uPAR、VEGF的表达水平呈明显正相关(P<0.05);uP-ARAP在角化型鳞癌、非角化型癌和未分化癌的阳性表达率分别为42.9%、66.7%和86.1%。随着肿瘤组织类型分化程度的下降,uPARAP表达水平有上升趋势(P<0.05)。不同组织学类型之间进行两两比较发现, uPARAP 的表达也有显著性差异( P<0.05) 。uPARAP 蛋白的表达与鼻咽癌组织病理分级、颈部淋巴结转移、临床分期密切相关( P<0.05),而与患者的年龄、性别等因素无关。结论: uPARAP、uPAR 和VEGF 在鼻咽癌组织中协同表达对促进鼻咽癌的扩散转移可能起重要作用, 联合检测这些指标有望成为判断鼻咽癌恶性程度和估计患者预后的重要生物学标志。[英文文摘]Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of uPARAP/Endo180(uPAR-associated protein), urokinase plasminogen activator receptor(uPAR) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). Methods: Streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase immunohistochemistry(SP-IHC) method was used to detect the expression of uPARAP, uPAR and VEGF in 58 samples of NPC and 30 samples of chronic nasopharynxitis. Results: The positive expression of uPARAP in NPC was mainly confined to mesenchymal cells, including fibroblasts and macrophages. The uPARAP immunoreactivity was found as granulated diffuse cytoplasmic staining, as well as in a pattern suggesting localization on the cell surface. uPAR in NPC tissues was evenly distributed in the cytoplasm of both cancer cells and mesenchymal cells. The expression of VEGF in NPC was mainly seen in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. In the NPC tissues, the expression rate of uPARAP, uPAR and VEGF was 75.9%, 81.0%, and 77.6%, respectively (P<0.05). A significant difference was found in the expression of uPARAP, uPAR and VEGF between NPC tissues and chronic nasopharynxitis tissues. The expression of uPARAP was positively correlated with the expression of uPAR and VEGF in NPC. The positive expression rate of uPARAP was 42.9% in keratinizing NPC, 66.7% in non- keratinizing NPC, and 86.1% in undifferentiated carcinoma.The expression of uPARAP was associated with the differentiation of NPC. The expression of uPARAP was significantly different among different pathological types of NPC(P<0.05). The expression of uPARAP in nasopharyngeal carcinoma was significantly correlated with pathological classification, tumor grade, cervical lymph node metastases and clinical.福建省自然科学基金资助(编号:C0610045

重组慢病毒对不同哺乳动物细胞基因转移及表达效率的研究

慢病毒是一种具有独特优点和巨大应用潜力的哺乳动物细胞基因转移载体,我们对慢病毒载体对不同哺乳动物细胞的基因转移及表达效率进行了平行比较研究.应用第三代重组慢病毒系统构建了携带CMV启动子-EGFP报告基因表达元件的重组慢病毒Lenti-EGFP,分别对多种不同哺乳动物细胞进行转导实验,在转导48 h后应用流式细胞仪检测报告基因在不同细胞株中的转移及表达效率.我们共使用了29种哺乳动物细胞株,包括14种人类组织细胞,5种猴组织细胞,9种鼠组织细胞,1种兔组织细胞.结果显示,重组慢病毒具有良好的基因转移能力,可有效进入多数哺乳动物细胞,对不同种属来源的细胞没有表现出特别的偏嗜性,但对贴壁培养细胞的基因转移效率明显高于对悬浮培养细胞.本研究为重组慢病毒系统的合理使用提供了基础