855 research outputs found

    Community Medical Support Unit, Graduate School of Medicine

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    Improvement of shipborne sky radiometer and its demonstration aboard the Antarctic research vessel Shirase

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    動揺する船上においても太陽直達光を観測できるように,船舶用スカイラジオメータの太陽追尾性能を改良した.改良点は,太陽追尾精度の向上,測器視野角の拡大,太陽追尾速度の迅速化および測定手法の改良である.改良後の装置を用いて,第51次および第52次日本南極地域観測隊の本観測時に,南極観測船「しらせ」船上において太陽直達光および天空輝度分布を測定し,動揺した船上での直達光観測に成功した.直達光から算出された波長500nm における大気エアロゾルの光学的厚さは0.01-0.34であり,東南アジアおよび春季の西太平洋上で高い値を示した.オングストローム指数は-0.06~2.00の範囲であり,東南アジアおよびシドニー付近で最大を示した.今後,船舶用スカイラジオメータが,海洋上の大気エアロゾルに関する知見を深めると期待される.The sun-tracking performance of a shipborne sky radiometer was improved to attain accurate aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from direct solar measurements on a pitching and rolling vessel. Improvements were made in the accuracy of sun-pointing measurements, field-of-view expansion, sun-tracking speed, and measurement method. Radiometric measurements of direct solar and sky brightness distribution were performed using the shipborne sky radiometer onboard the Antarctic research vessel (R/V) Shirase during JARE-51 (2009-2010) and JARE-52 (2010-2011). The temporal variation of signal intensity measured by the radiometer under cloudless conditions was smooth, demonstrating that the radiometer could measure direct sunlight onboard the R/V. AOT at 500 nm ranged from 0.01 to 0.34, and values over Southeast Asia and over the western Pacific Ocean in spring were higher than those over other regions. The Angstrom exponent ranged from -0.06 to 2.00, and values over Southeast Asia and off the coast near Sydney were the highest. The improved shipborne sky radiometer will contribute to a good understanding of the nature of aerosols over the ocean

    Ship-borne measurement of maritime aerosol with new sky radiometer

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    第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第35回極域気水圏シンポジウム 11月30日(金) 国立国語研究所 2階ロビ

    Effect of topical administration of activin A on the formation of isografted bone

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    アクチビンAはTGF-βスーパーファミリーに属し, TGF-βやBMP同様, 骨基質中に豊富に存在するが, 骨代謝におけるその生理的役割は不明である。本研究では, 近交系マウスの背部皮下に移植した脛骨に持続的にアクチビンAを局所投与し, アクチビンAが移植骨の骨形成に対して促進的に働く可能性について検討した。その結果, 1)アクチビンA局所投与(2ng/hr)により, 移植後2,3週で外骨膜側に著明な骨形成がみられ, その皮質骨の厚みは部位によって対照骨の1.4~1.5倍の値を示した。また, 4週目には骨髄腔内においても新生骨の形成が認められた。2)アクチビンA投与骨では移植後1週目より, 骨芽細胞への分化の途上と思われる間葉系細胞が外骨膜側に多数みられた。さらに2,3週目になると, その骨表層には立方形, 円錐形を示す骨芽細胞が豊富にみられた。3)3H一プロリンを用いたオートラジオグラフの観察から, アクチビンA投与骨では骨芽細胞によるコラーゲン性基質合成・分泌が促進していることが示された。4)アクチビンA投与骨では移植後2週目以降, 破骨細胞数が対照骨に較べて増加した。また, 4週目には移植骨のモデリングの亢進を示唆する著明な骨吸収像が脛骨前縁部に認められた。以上の結果から, アクチビンAは, 骨形成と骨吸収が共に上昇した高回転型の骨代謝を引き起こし, その結果, 移植骨の骨形成を促進することが示された。Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is abundantly present in bone matrix, but little is known about its physiological role in bone metabolism. The present study was undertaken to determine whether topical activin A can increase the bone mass of isografted bone. The tibiae were bilaterally dissected from a donor C3H/HeJ- + / + mouse and transplanted subcutaneously in the dorsal region of a recipient mouse of the same strain. One isografted tibia was topically infused for either 1,2,3,or 4 weeks with activin A administered with an osmotic minipump at a dose of either 0.02,0.2,or 2 ng/hr. The other tibia was infused with 0.9% NaC1 and served as control. The following results were obtained : 1) Topical activin A (2 ng/hr) markedly stimulated periosteal bone formation after 2 or 3 weeks, especially on the lateral and posterior sides. The thickness of the cortical bone on these sides was 1.4 to 1.5 fold that of control. Newly formed bone was also found in the marrow after 4 weeks. 2) Numerous cuboidal or conical osteoblasts appeared on the surface of newly formed bone after the infusion of activin A for 2 or 3 weeks. In addition autoradiographic studies using ^3H-proline revealed that the number of silver grains in the bone matrix under the active osteoblasts was larger in the activin A-treated bone than control suggesting increased synthesis and secretion of collagen by osteoblasts. 3) Topical activin A increased the number of osteoclasts after 2 to 4 weeks. Furthermore, marked bone resorption was observed in the projected anterior site of activin A-treated bone after 4 weeks The above results suggest that topical activin A increases the bone mass of isografted bone by increasing bone turnover

    Urology

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    Urology

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    麻酔科学

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    Urology

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