Gradient distributions of nitrogen and organic carbon in the soils from inland to tidal flat in the Yellow River Delta

黄河三角洲是我国典型的通过黄河冲积泥沙填海造陆形成的近代沉积区。区域受到黄河冲积、沉积等自然过程和农业耕种熟化等人类活动的双重影响。本研究通过在黄河三角洲地区内陆到河口海湾不同距离采集典型土壤类型剖面发生层样品，探讨土壤有机碳、总氮等生源要素的空间分布规律，为阐明我国典型海岸带地区陆源碳、氮的输送及循环特征提供基础依据。研究结果表明，黄河三角洲内陆与河口地区呈现出完全不同的土壤碳、氮分布规律。表层土壤碳、氮含量在黄河沿岸及三角洲南部均表现出由陆向海逐级递减的空间分布特征，而在黄河刁口流路和清水沟流路沿行水方向有梯度升高的趋势。内陆地区土壤碳、氮与盐分呈一定的负相关关系，表明土壤碳、氮主要受到耕作熟化过程的影响；而在河口地区两者呈显著的正相关关系(p&lt;0.01)，表明靠近海湾地区土壤碳、氮积累可能受到细颗粒泥沙沉积和滩涂湿地厌氧等环境影响。表层土壤碳、氮比变幅在3.6~8.6之间，说明该地区土壤有机质分解较快，不利于有机碳的积累。土壤剖面中，一些特殊发生层如红色夹黏层、黑色泥炭层对土壤碳、氮的富集具有明显的作用，其中红色夹黏层的土壤碳、氮含量接近耕层土壤。总之，黄河三角洲土壤在耕作垦殖、泥沙沉积等综合作用下形成的空间分布格局以及剖面特征发生层是影响碳、氮封存、释放和增汇等循环过程的关键驱动因素。</p

Brain imaging and neuro-psychological test in a Down＇s syndrome patient with music conducting ability： A case study

目的:探究1例有音乐指挥才能的唐氏综合征患者的脑结构和认知功能特点,以期有助于进一步理解唐氏综合征的病理机制。方法:以患有唐氏综合征的知名音乐指挥H先生为研究对象,进行染色体检查、神经学检查、计算机断层扫描(CT)检查和磁共振成像(MRI)检查,用瑞文氏智商测试量表和童话故事测验(FTT)进行心理行为测查,由音乐专业人士评价其音乐指挥能力(范围0～10分,10分代表相应能力最高。包括音乐节奏感、音乐的情绪表现力及对观众的感染力)。详细了解其成长史。结果:H先生被证实是唐氏综合征患者;神经学检查除视力较差外无特殊异常;脑结构成像检查显示其小脑萎缩、侧脑室扩张、仓白球区钙化。瑞文氏智商测试得分33分,FTT的T分为50分。H先生的音乐节奏感(8.5±1.2)分、音乐的情绪表现力(8.2±1.2)分、对观众的感染力(9.3±0.8)分。经H先生从小在某乐团的环境中成长,很小就学指挥音乐。结论:H先生脑结构发育不良、智商低,但从小经过音乐训练,其音乐指挥才能突出。提示早期训练能使唐氏综合征患者某方面才能得到显著提高。Objective： To explore the brain structure and cognitive characteristics of a Down＇s syndrome pa- tient with music conducting ability, and to further understand the pathological mechanism of Down＇ s syndrome. Methods： Mr. H was a famous music conductor with Down＇s syndrome. He was tested with chromosome examination, neurological examination, Computed Tomography （CT） examination and Magnetic Resonance Imaging （MRI） examination. His psychological behavior was checked with the Raven＇ s Standard Progressive Matrices and Fairy Tale Test. His music conducting abilities, including rhythmical sense, ability of music emotion expression and the ability to affect audience, were evaluated by music professionals （the scores ranged from 0 - 10, 10 represented the highest corresponding ability）. His detailed developing history was asked and recorded. Results： It was con-firmed that Mr. H presented a trisomy of the 21 st chromosome. Neurological examination could not found any other abnormality except his weak sight. Imaging examinations of brain structure demonstrated cerebellum atrophy, ventri- cle dilation and calcification in the area of globus pallidus. He scored 33 in the Raven＇s Standard Progressive Matri- ces, and 50 in the Fairy Tale Test. He scored （8.5 ± 1.2） in rhythmical sense, （8. 2± 1.2） in music emotion ex- pression, and （9. 3±0. 8） in the ability to affect audience. He grew up in one symphonic orchestra and learned to conduct at very early stage. Conclusion： Mr. H suffers from Down＇s syndrome, and has brain dysplasia with mental retardation. He has outstanding conducting ability after receiving music training at the early stage. It suggests that the patients with Down＇s syndrome could have improved performances in some aspects if trained earl

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通讯作者：[email protected][中文文摘]以厦门白城海域的潮间带表面沉积物为菌种来源筛选得到一株具有电催化活性的菌株S2,该菌株的16S rRNA和gyrB基因发育树与Shewanella oneidensis MR-1同支,相似性分别为98.5%和87%,葡萄糖、木糖、半乳糖等碳源利用及最佳生长的NaCl浓度与S.oneidensis MR-1有显著差别,因此初步鉴定为Shewanella属菌株,命名为Shewanella sp.S2。初步研究了菌株S2产电活性,在以乳酸作为碳源产电时,电压最高为150mV,相应的电流密度为66.1mA/m2。 [英文文摘]A new electrochemically active bacterium (exoelectrogen), strain S2, was isolated from coastal marine sediments of Xiamen. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences showed that strain S2 formed a lineage within the genus Shewanella and had high similarity (98.5% and 87.0%, respectively) with strain S. oneidensis MR-1. The phenotypic characteristics indicated strain S2 could be distinguished easily from S. oneidensis MR-1 by its culture conditions such as pH, NaCl tolerance and carbon source utilization. Based on these results, it is identified as Shewanella sp. S2. The preliminary current generation experiments showed that S2 could use lactate and xylose for electricity production. When lactate was used as a fuel, the MFC had highest voltage (150 mV) and current density (66.1 mA/m2).中国大洋协会项目(No.DYXM-115-02-2-15

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中国有很长的海岸线和辽阔的近海海域，生态系统丰富，有巨大的固碳、储碳潜力。由于自然过程、人类活动多重胁迫，中国海岸带和近海的碳汇过程具有显著的复杂性和不确定性。文章以蓝碳生态系统及碳汇过程为核心，围绕海岸带及近海关键碳循环过程，探讨碳源和碳汇的变化规律，分析国内外研究现状及发展趋势，提出拟解决的科学问题、未来的研究方向及应采取的研究方法和方案