Study on spermatophore storage and dehiscence in crab

【中文摘要】 甲壳动物在海洋中分布广泛,有多种精子传输方式,大部分产生精荚,粘于雌体腹部或通过交接器输送到纳精囊中[1]。研究表明,在蟹类交配、精子转移、贮存和受精等过程中,存在如精子竞争和亲体保护,多次受精等众多复杂事件[2-4]。这些过程主要是以蟹类纳精囊为核心展开,为此本文综述了纳精囊的结构和功能,精子活力的维持、精荚形态、精子竞争和转移等近年研究进展,旨为相关研究提供参考。1精荚的接受和贮存1.1纳精囊的一般结构短尾类精子贮存结构比较多样。通常蟹类在交配时获得雄蟹排出的精液,在雌蟹受精囊(sem inal receptacyles)即纳精囊(spermatheca)中贮存很长时间。蟹类的纳精囊结构都很相似,一般可分为4个区,分别为输卵管、纳精囊囊部、阴道及阴户(图1[5],图2[6])。许多蟹类的纳精囊已有过研究[7-24]。纳精囊是输卵管和卵巢相联部位前段的膨大,阴道开在纳精囊基部,开口在卵孔处。纳精囊由前端腺质层和后端几丁质区组成,其后端与具几丁质内膜的阴道相联。未交配时,纳精囊很薄、呈现白色、经度方向为透明的扁平囊[10]。前端腺体层由两层组成,最外层为很薄的上皮,呈现膜状,由有核的上皮细胞组成,内上皮很厚,... 【英文摘要】 In general,crab receives copious quantities of seminal fluid during mating,and stores them in special seminal receptacles,viz.spermatheca,for a prolonged period.The spermatheca of the advanced brachyuran crabs has been described for many species.The spermatheca is a dilation of the proximal region of the oviduct connecting it to the ovary.The vagina leads from the base of the spermatheca and opens outside the ovipore.Some crabs have the special structure,such as valve-like tissue,bursa,intermediate chamber....国家“八六三”资助项目(2002AA603013

十足目甲壳动物精子冷冻保存

【摘要】 杂交育种、种质优选、雌核发育及物种保护等研究都要涉及到精液冷冻保存。精液的长期保存 ,可以保证基因长时间的稳定性 ,能以较少的时间和空间保证精子的供应 ,没有季节限制 ,也不需较高的饲养亲本的花费 ,大大提高了选择育种的可行性。和其他水生生物大量精子冷冻研究相比 (Ｍｉｓｔｕｔｏｓｈｉ,2 0 0 0 ) ,甲壳动物精子冷冻保存研究很少 ,主要集中在十足目甲壳动物。虽然十足目甲壳动物最近在养殖上越来越重要 ,但其精子冷冻保存技术依然很少(Ｃｈｏｗ ,1985 ;Ａｎｃｈｏｒｄｏｇｙ等 ,1988;Ｊｅｙａｌｅｃｔｕｍｉｅ和Ｓｕｂ ｒａｍｏｎｉａｍ ,1989;Ｄｕｍｏｎｔ等 ,1992 ;Ｓｕｂｒａｍｏｎｉａｍ ,1994 ;柯亚夫等 ,1996 ;Ｂｈａｖａｎｉｓｈａｎｋａｒ和Ｓｕｂｒａｍｏｎｉａｍ ,1997)。要保存精子 ,必须有相应的评价冷冻复苏精子活力的方法 ,当前还没有一个简单、准确的评价冷冻复苏精子活力和受精能力的方法 ,观察精子运动性仍然是实验室评价无脊椎动物精子活力的可行方法。精子活力评价的困难 ,是十足目甲壳动物精子冷冻保存研究成功缺乏的主要原因 (Ａｎｃｈｏｒｄｏｇｕｙ等 ,1988;Ｓ...福建省自然科学基金资助项目 (C9810006) ;福建省“海洋生物优良种质和生物活性物质的应用基础研究”项目资

十足目甲壳动物精子冷冻保存

福建省自然科学基金资助项目 (C9810 0 0 6) ;; 福建省“海洋生物优良种质和生物活性物质的应用基础研究”

The structure and function of male gonopod of Scylla serrata

【中文摘要】 于2000年6月至2002年10月,采用扫描电镜方法对锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)雄性附肢结构进行观察。结果表明,青蟹雄体输精管在第八胸节通向一个短的肌肉质的阴茎开口。第一腹肢由一个基部原肢和一个延长的内肢组成,表皮环包,形成一个交接管。第二腹肢吻合这个表皮管,而阴茎则放在内肢的基部侧面。交配时,阴茎在肌肉作用下,精液射到第一腹肢的射精管中,射出物在第二腹肢的活塞样的泵作用下,沿着管腔向里推进。第一腹肢顶端侧扁状、具侧缝,前部表面具棘突状和腺体孔,弯曲部棘较大。侧缝处具细长的棘和羽状刚毛,刚毛基部为杯状凹陷。 【英文摘要】 Structure and function of the gonopod in mud crab,Scylla serrata,were studied with electron microscope techniques from June 2000 to December 2002.The ejaculatory duct of Scylla serrata opens on the coxae or sternum of eighth segment by short muscular penis.The first gonopod consists of a basal protopodite and an elongated endopodite,in which the cuticle folded the entire length of a tube which functions as an ejaculatory canal.The second pleopod fits into this cuticular fold,while the penis fits into a slit...国家“八六三”重大专项基金(2002AA603013);国家自然科学基金(39870563

Preliminary studies on the rule of copepod diapause

首次提出用滞育指数对桡足类滞育能力进行相对量化处理 ,并对 10 2种桡足类的滞育能力同迁移能力、体长、栖息地之间的关系进行了数学分析 ,初步得出了滞育在桡足类中的分布规律 :在桡足类中滞育与迁移呈负相关 ,两者之间存在一定程度的置换 ;个体较小的桡足类一般具有较强的滞育能力和较弱的迁移能力 ,个体较大的桡足类一般具有较弱的滞育能力和较强的迁移能力 ;淡水桡足类一般比海洋桡足类具有较强的滞育能力。最后探讨了这种分布模式的成因 【英文摘要】 Many copepods have integrated a state of diapause in their life history to avoid the critical conditions. It has been showed that the diapause trait is by no means evenly distributed within copepods, such as different diapausing forms (Diapause occurs in eggs, copepidites or adults.) and different diapausing locations (in water column or in sediment). In this paper we attempt to investigate the distribution of diapause among copepods based on the published data of 102 species from 3 orders of pelagic copepo...国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 40 0 76 0 34 )~

锯缘青蟹生殖肢腺体的结构与功能

青蟹雄性腹肢具有生殖肢腺体(GTG).雄性第一腹肢向末端逐渐变成一细薄的弯曲突起.腺体主要集中于腹肢距基部长度的2/5处,即第二腹肢入口处的附近,末端也有少量分布.腺体在组织学上和玫瑰状的皮腺相似,群绕着射精管腔.经染色表明腺体含有中性粘多糖(NMPS)和酸性粘多糖(AMPS),同一批腺体,甚至同一个腺体两种类型糖类的染色状况有异.腺体由分泌细胞和管细胞组成,管细胞含有一导管,多个导管形成网络.导管末端通向交接器内壁表皮开孔处,孔径约为2.5~3.5μm,这些孔通向交接器管腔,孔中及开口处分泌物的染色性质和腺体中相似.第二腹肢也具有腺体,但分布较少,且不太集中.GTG分泌物可能具有几个复杂的功能,其中低粘度的NMPS可能有助于加速强粘性精液通过狭窄的交接器管腔作用,而高粘度的AMPS功能则更为复杂. 【英文摘要】 The gonopod tegumental glands(GTG) of Scylla serrata grouped about the ejaculatory canal.The first gonopod tapered quickly to a thin,curved process terminating in a point.Tegumental glands were located at approximately 2/5 of the gonopod length,also some situated much further between approximately 3/5 or 4/5 of the gonopod length.GTG resembling the PTG(pleopod tegumental glands).The same group glands or a single gland show different intensely staining neutral mucopolysaccharide(NMPS) and an intensely staini...国家863项目(2002AA603013)资

Studies on the structure and function of male and female reproductive system and spermatophore artifical transfer of the mud crab Scylla serrata(Forskål)

锯缘青蟹(Scyllaserrata)，是我国重要的经济海洋蟹类。本实验采用组织学、组织化学、超微和透射电子显微镜观察等技术对其生殖系统结构和功能进行深入的研究。重点集中在精荚的形成、转移、贮存及授精和产卵过程，主要结果如下。 1.锯缘青蟹精荚形成开始于精巢，精巢中最成熟的精子呈现游离状态，在此处开始形成初级精荚壁。前输精管和精巢紧密相联，为连续性结构。前输精管中的精荚进一步形成次级精荚壁，次级精荚壁为均质不嗜曙红物质，串联有嗜曙红精液颗粒的构造，逐渐形成大量椭圆形的完整精荚结构。前输精管后部分泌大量颗粒状精液。贮精囊为雄蟹精荚的贮存场所，具有内环外纵两层肌肉层，具有大量精液颗粒。后输精...Scylla serrata is a commercially important marine crab in China. To help elucidate its reproductive characteristics,the functional anatomy of the male reproductive system and the female spermathecae are investigated using the histological techniques, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and microscopic observaion of fresh material，focusing on sperm transfer, sperm storage in the seminal ...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋生物学学号：B19992700

Quality and Viability Evaluation of Crustacean Spermatozoa

甲壳动物精子质量和活力的评价对于研究甲壳动物的繁育、人工授精、精子冷冻、体外遗传操作等有重要意义。本文归纳了甲壳动物无鞭毛精子活力和质量评价的最新研究进展，主要方法有精子数目和形态、精子生物染色、生化成分、低渗外吐、精卵相互作用及诱导顶体反应等，并提出了展望，希望对相关的研究能有一定的参考价值。 【英文摘要】 ：The quality and viability of crustacean spermatozoa is important for reproduction , artifical insemination, spermatozoa cryopreservation , genetic operation in vitro etc. The studies on the viability and quality evaluation of crustacean non-flagellum spermatozoa are reviewed, such as sperm shape and quantity, biostain, Hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST), biochemical analysis, sperm-egg attachment or fertilization assay ,induction of sperm acrosome reaction. The prospects of the research field have also bee...福建省自然科学基金项目(C9810006);; 福建省“海洋生物优良种质和生物活性物质的应用基础研究”资

Acrosin Activity of Spermatozoa in Spermathecae of Scylla serrata

【中文摘要】 顶体酶是精子顶体部特有的胰蛋白酶,其在顶体反应、精子和透明带的结合及穿透中起重要作用。本文采用测定精子顶体氨基化酶活力方法来测定锯缘青蟹(Scyllaserrata)精子的顶体酶活力。据测定,青蟹纳精囊精子顶体酶活力分别为3.566μIU/106和4.248μIU/106。青蟹精子顶体酶活力和用同样方法测定的其它物种(如猪、人、马)相比较低。这反应了不同物种之间的精子顶体酶活力存在着较显著的差异,也反应青蟹纳精囊中精子处于一种抑制状态。这种精子活力抑制方式可能有利于精子在纳精囊中的长期存活。本实验结果也说明,临床应用的顶体酶测定方法也可以用于蟹类精液质量的评价。 【英文摘要】 Acrosin, a sperm-specific arosomal proteinase, has an essential role in the fertilization process and is thought to be important in the acrosome reaction, sperm-zona binding and zona penetration. The spermatozoa acrosin activity of Scylla serrata is measured with a simplified clinical assay of total sperm acrosin activity. This method is based on the measurement of amidase activity of sperm suspensions. The acrosin activity assay has been used in many animals. Results of these studies indicated that use of ...国家“863”高技术发展计划(2002AA603013

Comparison of fatty acid composition in cell membrane of Scylla Paramamosain between different waters in winter

通过比较冬季不同海区锯缘青蟹(SCyllA PArAMAMOSAIn)细胞膜脂肪酸组成,旨在理解冬季低温对甲壳动物细胞膜脂肪酸组成的影响。利用气相色谱法测定采自厦门和宁海海区锯缘青蟹鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉细胞膜中脂肪酸组成。结果显示:锯缘青蟹鳃和肝胰腺细胞膜中C16∶0和C16∶1在宁海海区显著低于厦门海区(P0.05)。结果表明:冬季温度较低的宁海海区,细胞膜脂肪酸组成中不饱和脂肪酸增加,饱和指数下降,从而维持细胞膜的流动性和正常生理功能的执行。研究亮点:本研究率先以采自冬季不同海区的锯缘青蟹为研究对象,比较其鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉中细胞膜脂肪酸组成,研究冬季自然低温对青蟹细胞膜脂肪酸组成影响;探讨不同器官组织细胞膜在冬季低温适应上的差异,为青蟹北移驯养和越冬提供理论依据和生产指导。Gas chromatograph method was used to measure fatty acid composition in cell membrane of mud crab Scylla paramamosain from the different waters in winter in order to understand the impact of low temperature on fatty acid composition in membrane and the adaptation in winter.The results showed that the different changes of fatty acid composition appeared in cell membranes of different organs and tissues in S.paramamosain C16∶0 and C16∶1 relative content in cell membranes of gills and hepatopancreas in Ninghai waters were significant lower than these in Xiamen waters respectively(P0.05).In conclusion,in Ninghai waters with the lower temperature in winter,the increase of relative contents of non-saturation fatty acids in cell membrane results in the decrease of saturation index to be used to keep the fluidity of cell membrane and ensure its ability to perform biological function.国家高技术研究发展计划(2002AA603013