Guilty by implicit racial bias: the guilty/not guilty Impicit Association Test

For many legal scholars, startling scientific evidence of implicit racial bias, including the now famous Implicit Association Test (IAT), have revealed a truth about racial discrimination in America that had previously been difficult to prove. Yet despite commentators&rsquo; progress in considering how the law should respond to this new evidence of racial bias, two challenges have continued to limit legal scholarship on implicit bias from achieving its full potential. First, empirical social science on implicit bias has rarely focused on the law. For example, prior to the study presented in this article, no IATs had been designed specifically to test law-related hypotheses. And second, legal scholarship on implicit bias has tended to maintain a narrow substantive focus, often considering discrimination in the workplace and in policy-making, but rarely considering racial biases in other areas of law. The question, for example, of whether jury verdicts in criminal trials are tainted by implicit racial biases has yet to be considered adequately.</p

An Investigation of AIDS-related Knowledge and Reactions among College Students in China.

A total of 251 Chinese college students from Shanghai (31 males, 88 females) and Guangzhou (59 males, 73 females) completed a series of scales concerning AIDS related knowledge, affective feelings and attitude toward PWA, discomfort of contact with PWA, perceived responsibility of contracting AIDS, and support of coercive polices. Results showed that college students (a)had misconceptions about casual contagion of AIDS, independent of correct beliefs about AIDS, (b) expressed significant negative feelings toward PWA, (c) expressed discomfort of contact with PWA, (d) did not support coercive policies upon PWA ; (e) did not think it was PWA&rsquo;s responsibility to contract AIDS; and that (a) compared with college students from Guangzhou, those from Shanghai were more knowledgeable of AIDS and exhibited less negative feelings, negative attitude toward PWA and attributed less responsibility to PWA for their contracting of AIDS; and (b) it was misconception about casual contagion of AIDS but not correct beliefs about AIDS that was consistently predictive of negative reactions toward PWA. These findings call for strong efforts in disseminating AIDS related knowledge, particularly what can&rsquo;t cause AIDS, and eliminating negative reactions towards PWA among college students in China, especially students in Guangzhou area.</p

泛文化的自我促进：基于中国人的行为和认知神经的新证据

如何使人民生活得更有尊严和幸福?这是当下国家和社会关注的重要问题（温家宝，2010）。西方研究表明，通过促进个人自尊可以提高个体心理健康和促进个人主观幸福感。我们将开展系列研究探讨：1）在中国文化下，自我促进或高的自尊是否可以促进个体的心理健康和主观幸福感？2）中国人如何巧妙地促进和维护积极自我或自尊？3）中国人的自我促进（self-enhancement,追求积极自我或高自尊的动机）是否和西方人有着类似的神经机制？该项目的完成在理论上将澄清自我促进的文化普遍性争议，实践上对提高我国人民心理健康水平、如何让人民生活得更有尊严、更加幸福具有重要指导价值

中国心理学会会议论文集

现有研究表明,文化会影响人们的主观幸福感。以西方被试为主的研究发现,个体主义倾向越强,个体的幸福感越高。但对于集体主义文化下个体的主观幸福感,一系列证据暗示集体主义倾向可能更为重要。本研究选取集体主义文化的代表&mdash;&mdash;中国,分别开展了一项横断研究和一项行为遗传学研究。研究一(横断研究)调查了3168名大一新生的个人主义倾向、集体主义倾向、主观幸福感(包括生活满意度和情感幸福)。结果发现,个体主义与生活&nbsp;</p

中国心理学会会议论文集

文化变迁是一项历久弥新的研究,它所涵盖的领域十分广泛,在心理学领域中,研究文化变迁的方法主要有横断面研究、横断历史元分析和文化产品研究。本文采用文化产品研究这一全新的视角,针对中国几十年来翻天覆地的变化,审视了时代巨变下中国人心理与行为的变化。文化产品是指&quot;有形、共享、公共的文化表征&quot;,包含了书籍、人名、歌词、广告、电视电影、网络、政策等各种形式,它直观地展现了产品诞生时代文化本身的特征以及当时文&nbsp;</p

自我肯定降低个体对威胁信息的记忆偏向

摘要：大量研究已经证实人们存在对威胁信息的记忆偏向，即相较于一般刺激，人们对威胁性刺激有更好的记忆。这种记忆偏向会对个体的身心健康造成诸多不良影响，比如对威胁相关信息和情景的不断重现闪回是创伤后应激障碍的核心特征之一。因此，如何帮助个体降低对威胁信息的记忆偏向十分具有现实意义和研究价值。在威胁研究中，自我肯定已被证实是一种十分有效的威胁应对方式，但尚无研究从认知的角度探讨自我肯定对威胁的记忆偏向的影响。本研究探讨了自我肯定是否可以降低个体对死亡威胁信息的记忆偏向。实验选取73名在校大学生随机分配至自我肯定组和控制组。其中，自我肯定组被试完成经典的自我肯定价值论文（控制组则完成一篇无关论文任务）。随后，所有被试完成点探测任务，实际上该任务的主要目的是将死亡威胁图片和中性图片随机呈现给被试。24小时后，被试返回实验室完成意外的再认任务。研究表明，自我肯定可以有效降低个体对死亡威胁图片的记忆偏向，即相较于控制组，自我肯定组被试对死亡威胁图片的记忆下降；而对中性图片而言，两组被试的再认记忆不存在差异。本研究首次探讨自我肯定对威胁信息记忆偏向的影响并从认知的角度拓展了自我肯定积极功能的研究。</p