Fertilizer on wheat yield and nutrients uptake characters of dry land in different precipitation years

【目的】探讨降水、施肥与旱地小麦产量和吸肥特性的关系,为不同降水年型小麦的合理施肥提供依据。【方法】以"长武134"为供试材料,通过定位试验,以不施肥为对照,研究不同降水年型(干旱年、常态年、丰水年)下长期不同施肥处理(氮磷有机肥配施(NPM)、氮磷肥配施(NP)、单施有机肥(M)、单施氮肥(N)、单施磷肥(P))对小麦产量和养分吸收特性的影响。【结果】在不同降水年型下,NPM处理的增产效果显著,增产幅度为258.9%～300.0%;M处理在干旱年、常态年、丰水年分别增产172.4%,211.1%和262.2%;NPM处理氮、磷、钾的平均吸收量最高,在丰水年M处理小麦籽粒吸氮量、吸磷量、吸钾量分别较NP处理提高了85.0%,84.8%,40.6%。【结论】在不同降水年型下,合理施肥均能使小麦产量大幅度增加;有机肥在促进作物养分吸收方面作用显著。【Objective】The relationship between precipitation,fertilization,wheat yield and nutrients uptake were investigated to propose a rational way of fertilization under different precipitation years.【Method】Based on a long-term fertilizer experiment with fixed site on continuous wheat in Changwu,Shaanxi Province,the effect of long-term different fertilizer application,the wheat yield and nutrients uptake characters were compared with the treatment of no fertilizer(CK).Different fertilizer treatments were unferti..

Effects of different fertilization on yield of wheat and water and fertilizer use efficiency in the Loess Plateau

在长期定位试验的基础上,研究了黄土高原旱地不同施肥对小麦产量、土壤养分和水分的变化及其利用效率的影响。结果表明,单施有机肥(M)增产效果较好,产量达5265.0 kg/hm2;有机肥和化肥配施(NPM)小麦产量最高,达5898.8 kg/hm2。NPM配施小麦总吸氮量最大,比单施氮肥(N)增加了131.4 kg/hm2;NPM配施的氮肥利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率、氮肥生理利用率分别为67.0%、49.16 kg/kg、36.97 kg/kg、73.11kg/kg;在不同施肥体系中其变化趋势基本一致,均为:

Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Vegetation Characteristics of Continuous Cropping Alfalfa Grasslands in Loess Plateau

利用长期定位试验,对不同施肥条件的苜蓿草地植被特征变化进行了研究。结果表明,不同施肥处理下连作苜蓿草地群落物种丰富度指数变化不显著。群落盖度增大,群落高度亦明显增加。施肥可维持群落多样性和稳定性,提高苜蓿草地生产力。施肥后苜蓿种群生态位宽度明显上升,竞争力相对增强,而杂类草生态位宽度降低,竞争力相对减弱。连作施肥条件下苜蓿种群与其它物种之间没有最大的生态位重叠,杂类草之间生态位重叠较大,它们之间的竞争较为激烈且占主要地位,施肥可提高苜蓿草地质量和经济价值。狗尾草等杂草入侵是导致苜蓿人工草地退化的一个重要影响因素