On the Inner_Party Inspection Policy of Communist Party of China

中国共产党的巡视工作是在监督理论的指引下，结合我国历史的和现实的经验而形成的一种加强党内监督、推进反腐倡廉工作的重要制度安排。长期以来，对党员领导干部的有效监督和科学管理，是中国共产党党员干部监督管理体制中相对薄弱的环节之一。中国共产党成立后不久，就在党内尝试开展巡视工作，有力地推进了早期党的组织建设，使党的组织不断地发展和壮大。中国共产党执政以来，特别是党的十六大以来，针对新形势下党的建设特别是反腐倡廉建设中出现的新情况、新问题，中共中央把建立党内巡视工作制度作为完善党内监督机制、加强党内监督的一项重大举措，取得了明显成效。该制度的施行在一定程度上克服了上级党委、纪委与下级党组织领导干部的“...Combined with China's historical and realistic experiences, the inspection of the Communist Party of China has developed into a kind of strengthened inner-party supervision under the guidance of the Monitoring Theory. There has been for a long time in want of an effective and scientific system of supervision and management over party’s leading cadres as well as party’s members. Soon after its esta...学位：公共管理硕士院系专业：公共事务学院_公共管理硕士(MPA)学号：X200913619

Concentrations and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organo chlorides in surface sediment of Xiamen Western Harbour and Minjiang Estuary

参考美国EPA标准方法对厦门西港和闽江口的表层沉积物样品中持续性有机污染物PAHs、PCBs、和DDTs的含量及分布进行分析和考察 ,并对若干污染特征及成因进行探讨 .结果表明 ,厦门西港沉积物样品中总PAHs含量 (ng/ g(干重 ) )较闽江口海域为高 ,其中厦门样品测值范围是 42 5 3 - 15 2 2 4,大多高于 10 0 0 ,推断主要来源于石油类污染 ;闽江口为 316 8-12 6 0 7,大多低于 10 0 0 ,化石燃料燃烧可能是其主要来源 .PCBs和DDT的分析结果表明 ,PCBs并非两海域的主要污染物 ,其含量 (ng/ g(干重 ) )测值范围是厦门西港 9 72— 33 72 ,闽江口 8 71— 30 5 5 ;DDT类含量测值 (ng/g(干重 ) )厦门西港高于闽江口 ,范围分别为 8 6 1— 73 70和 6 17— 30 70 (河口高值站位为 6 3 88) ,空间分布呈近岸高于远岸趋势 .同时表明 ,在厦门海域表层沉积物中DDD是主要降解产物 ,而在闽江口DDE为主要降解产物The U.S.EPA analytical methods were employed to examine surface sediment concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organo chlorides (PCBs and DDTs) in Xiamen Western Harbour (XM),in June,1999,and Min River Estuary (MJ) in Oct., 1996.The spatial distribution and main possible sources of these pollutants were discussed.The ranges of PAHs concentration (ng/g(DW)) are 425-1520,with most values higher than 1000 in XM samples,and 315-1260,with most values lower than 1000 in MJ samples respectively.The main possible sources of sediment PAHs were identified as petroleum pollutants for Xiamen Western Harbour,and fossil fuel combustion products by river input for Minjiang Estuary,respectively.Sediment PCBs were found not the main pollutants in the study areas,with concentrations(ng/g(DW))ranging from 9.72 to 33.72,and from 8.71 to 30.55,in XM samples and MJ samples,respectively.Concentrations (ng/g(DW)) of sediment DDT and its degraded compounds show the trend of decreasing off the shore,while ranging from 20 to 70,and 6 to 30,in XM samples and MJ samples,respectively.Meaningful information also displays that the main degradation products are DDD in XM samples and DDE in MJ samples.As for the general results,the disadvantage of hydrodynamics,industrial and municipal wastewater discharge,and harbour activities are inferred as the main aspects of the factors affecting pollution in Xiamen Western Harbour,comparing with those in Minjiang Estuary,which is significantly affected by Minjiang River input.Measures for pollution prevention thus should be taken differently in the two areas

Discussion on the Participation of Infantile Massage in Community Health Care

小儿推拿具有取穴少、经济安全、操作简单、家长易学等优点,适合在社区中推广。本文就其参与社区卫生服务的方式、内容、优势、问题和解决方法等方面,对实现小儿推拿“家庭化“进行论述,认为小儿推拿参与社区卫生服务最理想的方式是实现其“家庭化“,且“家庭化“的建立将是医疗技术进入社区的重要措施,是家庭卫生服务中最具特色的形式之一。Infantile massage has many advantages,for example,less acupoint selection,economic,safe,simple operation and easy to learn.It's suitable for promoting in the community.From aspects of methods,details,advantages,problems and solutions of infantile massage participating in community health service,the paper discussed infantile massage "family oriented"and thought that achieving its "family oriented"was the best way of infantile massage participating in community health service.The building of its"family oriented"was the key of medical technology entering into the community,and was one of the most unique forms of the family health service

无偿献血者中隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染及表面抗原突变分析

采用多种免疫学检测和核酸检测相结合的方法调查了我国南方某城市无偿献血者中隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的存在情况。结果在9023例乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阴性的无偿献血者中,共发现17例HBV DNA阳性,隐匿性HBV感染者的发生率为0.19%(95%CI:0.11～0.30%)。序列分析显示其中6例在HBsAg"a"表位(aa124～aa147)存在不同程度氨基酸突变,突变发生率为42.9%(6/14,有3例未扩增出"a"表位片段序列),G145R突变是该地区隐匿性HBV携带者中发生频率最高的突变(4/6,66.7%)。隐匿性HBV感染者中基因型C的比例(10/17)显著高于HBsAg阳性的HBV感染者(0/15,P<0.01)

Determination of Alkylphenol in Water Samples by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Based on Poly(vinylimidazole-divinylbenzene) Monolithic Material and Liquid Chromatographic Analysis

建立了简单、快速、灵敏测定水环境中的双酚A(bPA)、辛基酚(OP)、壬基酚(nP)的方法。以聚(n-乙烯基咪唑-二乙烯基苯)整体材料为涂层的搅拌棒固相萃取技术富集目标物,然后与高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器联用测定水样品中烷基酚类污染物。考察了萃取时间、解析时间、样品基质的PH值、离子强度等实验条件对萃取效率的影响。在最佳条件下,3种目标化合物的线性范围是1.0~200μg/l,检出限lOd(S/n=3)在0.13~0.66μg/l之间,定量限lOQ(S/n=10)在0.44~2.19μg/l之间。在对海水和污水处理厂的实际水样测定中,3种目标化合物的不同加标水平的回收率为37.8%~101.1%。本方法具有简便、快速、高效、灵敏等优点。A method for the determination of bisphenol A,octyphenol,nonylphenol in water samples was developed using stir bar sorptive extraction(SBSE) based on poly(vinylimidazole-divinylbenzene) monolithic material(SBSEM) combined with high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection.To achieve the optimum extraction performance,several main extraction parameters,including extraction and desorption time,pH value and contents of inorganic salt in the sample matrix,were investigated.Under the optimized experimental conditions,the method showed good linearity and repeatability,low detection limits (S/N=3) and quantification limits(S/N=10) of the proposed method for the target compounds were achieved within the range of 0.13-0.66 and 0.44-2.19 μg/L,respectively.The extraction performance of SBSEM to the target compounds was also compared with commercial SBSE which used polydimethylsiloxane as coating.The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the target compounds in water samples.The recoveries of spiked target compounds in real samples ranged from 37.8%-101.1%.The results indicated that the developed method possessed advantages such as sensitivity,simplicity,low cost and high feasibility.国家自然科学基金(No.20805039);福建省青年科技人才创新项目(No.2006F3117)资

Epoxidation of Styrene Catalyzed by Lanthanum-doped Hydroxyapatite with Hydrogen Peroxide

采用超声辅助的液相沉淀法制备不同lA掺杂量的羟基磷灰石催化剂,采用Xrd,bET,fT-Ir,SEM,EdS和CO2-TPd等手段表征催化剂的结构和表面性质,并考察其在双氧水氧化剂存在下催化苯乙烯环氧化反应的性能.结果表明,随着lA的引入,羟基磷灰石晶格中部分CA2+被lA3+取代,发生一定程度的晶格畸变,并使表面某些碱性位强度和数量有所增加,当lA/(CA+lA)原子比为0.02时,lA掺杂型羟基磷灰石的表面强碱性位数量达到最大,表现出最佳的苯乙烯双氧水环氧化的催化活性,苯乙烯转化率和环氧苯乙烷选择性分别为76.2%和83.5%.lA掺杂型羟基磷灰石可多次循环使用,具有较稳定的结构和催化性能.A series of lanthanum-doped hydroxyapatite(La-HAP) catalysts were prepared.The physicochemical properties of La-HAP were characterized by X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform inferred spectroscopy,scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy and CO2 temperature-programmed desorption.The catalytic activity of La-HAP for the epoxidation of styrene was investigated with H2O2 as an oxidant.The results indicated that with the introduction of La dopant,some Ca2+ in hydroxyapatite lattice were replaced by La3+,resulting in a lattice distortion and an increase in strength and quantity of surface base.The La-HAP catalyst with a La/(Ca+La) atomic ratio of 0.02 exhibited a maximum number of strong basic sites and provided the highest catalytic activity with 76.2% styrene conversion and 83.5% selectivity to epoxide.Such La-HAP catalyst could be reused several times with considerable stabilities in structure and performance.国家自然科学基金项目(20923004

Determination of Nitrate in Seawater with Valve-Free Continuous Flow Analysis

建立了一种无阀连续流动分析方法和装置,仅用一台多通道蠕动泵传送试剂和样品,无需依靠注入阀、电磁阀和定量环进行试剂或样品的选择和定量输入。样品通过; 铜-镉还原柱,将硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐,然后用重氮-偶氮光度法进行测定。研究结果表明,硝酸盐的线性范围为5 ~ 180 mumol; /L,方法检出限为0.27 mumol /L,对10和80 mumol; /L硝酸盐溶液连续测定11次,相对标准偏差分别为1.4%和1.3%,不同盐度的实际水样加标回收率在99.4% ~; 106.1%之间。测定结果与流动注射分析法相比,无显著性差异。与流动注射分析相比,无阀设计装置大大降低了成本,操作更加简便,有利于在普通实验室或; 现场连续监测中推广使用。本方法成功应用于厦门西港海水样品中硝酸盐的测定以及九龙江河口区的硝酸盐走航式监测。A valve-free continuous flow method and its corresponding instrument were established, with only two multi-channel pump for delivering the sample and reagent, without any injection or solenoid valves and sample loop for selecting and adding the sample or reagent. Nitrate was reduced to nitrite with Cu-Cd reductant column, and then detected with spectrophotometric detector.The proposed method was suitable for determination of nitrate at normal level in most of estuary and coastal seawaters. With the optimum parameters, the linear range and detection limit were 5-180 mu M and 0.27 mu M, respectively. The nitrate samples (10 and 80 mu M) were continually measured for 11 times, and the relative standard deviations were 1.4% and 1.3%, respectively. The recovery of real samples at different salinity was ranged from 99.4% to 106.1%. There were no significant differences in the analytical results between the proposed method and a reference method, i. e., flow injection analysis. In comparison with flow injection analysis, the method and instrument were less cost and easy to operate,and was suitable to be applied in general laboratories and field for continuous monitoring. The method was successfully applied to measure nitrate of seawater samples in Xiamen western harbor and underway monitor nitrate in the Jiulongjiang estuary.National Natural Science Foundation of China [41306090

Determination of Alkylphenol in Water Samples by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Based on Poly (vinylimidazole-divinylbenzene) Monolithic Material and Liquid Chromatographic Analysis

A method for the determination of bisphenol A, octyphenol, nonylphenol in water samples was developed using stir bar sorptive extraction(SBSE) based on poly(vinylimidazole-divinylbenzene) monolithic material (SBSFM) combined with high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. To achieve the optimum extraction performance, several main extraction parameters' including extraction and desorption time, pH value and contents of inorganic salt in the sample matrix, were investigated. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the method showed good linearity and repeatability, low detection limits (S/N = 3) and quantification limits (S/N = 10) of the proposed method for the target compounds were achieved within the range of 0.13 - 0.66 and 0.44 - 2.19 mu g/L, respectively. The extraction performance of SBSEM to the target compounds was also compared with commercial SBSE which used polydimethylsiloxane as coaling. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the target compounds in water samples. The recoveries of spiked target compounds in real samples ranged front 37.8% - 101.1%. The results indicated that the developed method possessed advantages such as sensitivity, simplicity, low cost and high feasibility