基于眼动实验的右转车辆驾驶员注视行为研究

机非混行的特征使交叉口是交通事故多发区域,驾驶员的注视行为研究是指导驾驶员安全右转、减少冲突的重要手段。依托驾驶员倾向性实验,采集了109名驾驶员的问卷数据,将驾驶员分为保守型和激进型两类,并选择6名不同类别的驾驶员进行了实车眼动实验,对不同倾向驾驶员在右转过程中的注视行为进行研究。研究结果表明:保守型驾驶员主要分布于大部分女性和高驾龄人群,激进型驾驶员主要分布于大部分驾龄较短和年龄在30岁左右的人群;机动车右转过程中驾驶员视点路径呈线性分布,保守型驾驶员在右转时注视点密度和注视强度明显高于激进型驾驶员,激进型驾驶员在右转时忽视右侧区域,导致与行人冲突中存在更多的盲区和危险点。研究为解决右转车辆与过街行人冲突的核心问题提供理论基础,训练驾驶人的视觉搜索和危险感知能力,提高驾驶员驾驶技术,减少机动车右转与过街行人交通事故。北京市社科基金项目(15JGC139

新国土空间规划体系下交通规划的适应性变革——以厦门为例

从\"多规合一\"到国土空间规划体系的提出,充分体现了国家规划管理体制和规划治理思路的转变。在此背景下,交通规划作为国土空间规划体系的一部分也面临迫切的深层次变革。本文梳理了我国空间规划体系提出的过程和含义,基于现有规划体系中交通规划所处的地位和作用以及与其他城乡规划的联系,分析了在新国土空间规划体系下,交通规划变革的必要性;进而提出了交通规划的变革要点:首先,交通规划的变革要认识新国土空间规划体系下交通规划面临的主要矛盾,明确交通规划的作用,厘清交通部门与城乡规划各部门之间的职能关系;其次,确定交通规划与空间规划体系的适应性发展,即交通规划既需要在管控层面与空间规划体系的规划思路、分级管控和划定的\"三区三线\"相协调,也需要在发展上充分体现新时代交通强国战略需求。最后,以厦门市为例,介绍了厦门对于建立空间规划一张蓝图的探索,分析了厦门交通系统规划与全域空间规划一张图的适应性,以期为新国土空间规划体系背景下的交通系统规划提供思路借鉴

Study on construction scheme of BRT pavement maintenance in Xiamen

以厦门BRT路面施工养护为例,分析研究传统BRT路面养护施工方案的不足之处,进而从设计、施工等方面对传统的BRT路面养护施工方案进行优化处理,提出新的BRT路面养护施工方案,并在试验段进行应用。分析优化后的BRT路面养护施工方案在试验段的应用效果,将该施工方案推荐到整个BRT路面施工养护工程中。最后,以厦门BRT路面工程为例,得出BRT路面的病害防治应综合考虑设计与施工,严格控制施工质量的结论。Taking the construction maintenance of Xiamen BRT road as an example, the deficiencies in the traditional BRT pavement construction schemes were analysed. Then the BRT pavement construction schemes were optimized from the aspects of the design and construction. Moreover, a new BRT pavement construction scheme was proposed, which was applied in a test section of a pavement maintenance project. After analysing the optimized effect of the BRT pavement maintenance scheme in the test section, the construction scheme was extended to the whole BRT pavement maintenance project. The results confirm that the design and construction of the pavement should be considered integrally to ensure the disease prevention and control of the BRT road surface and to guarantee a strict control of the construction quality.厦门市科技局项目（3502Z20153001

高速铁路常旅客计划“积分升座”经济福利模型构建研究

随着"客运提质计划"的提出,常旅客计划作为高速铁路客运服务模式的重要创新,受到各界的关注,而目前积分制度仍然具有较明显的使用局限。为提高旅客获得感,增加铁路盈利,提升社会福利,构建高速铁路常旅客计划"积分升座"经济福利模型,从模型设定及经济福利变化分析2个方面,进一步研究高速铁路常旅客计划"积分升座"经济福利变化。"积分升座"作为一项新的制度,为提升铁路市场营销能力、加快构建常旅客服务体系提供研究支撑。国家自然科学基金项目(71602167)厦门大学校长基金(20720180077

差异化设施布局下的建筑物人流疏散效率研究

建筑物内行人疏散受时间和空间限制,各种出入口、通道和瓶颈错综复杂。依托既有建筑空间,设计了正常疏散人群下3种不同设施布局方案,估计了各方案不同瓶颈影响下的安全逃生最短时间,并建立了考虑设施布局和动态信息的建筑物安全疏散模型,并通过仿真,对比分析了不同方案间的疏散时间、区域密度的变化和疏散效率。研究表明,模型计算与仿真能够有效的估计不同设施布局下的行人疏散效率,进而为不同的设施布局方案的选取提供建议。北京建筑大学市属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(X18030),北京建筑大学教学科学研究项目(Y1806

交易成本视角下深圳生态线内社区的改造困境和策略

生态控制线是生态空间管控的重要举措之一,也是保护城市生态环境和提升生态环境质量的有效手段。但是,由于复杂的产权纠纷和历史遗留问题,它的划定在实际操作过程中面临着诸多挑战。妥善处理生态线内已建社区和合理进行社区改造已成为重要议题。本文以深圳市为例,系统梳理生态线内社区的特征,并引入交易成本的概念,分析生态线内社区改造过程中政府、社区、居民和开发商等利益主体的成本与收益,指出生态线内社区改造的难点在于交易成本过高以及收益与成本缺口巨大,并在此基础上提出一系列针对性的改造策略,以期更好地推进生态线内社区改造,逐步完成生态修复工作,更好地实现生态价值与社会经济价值,并为其他城市提供借鉴和参考

Determining the optimal structure of the traffic and transportation network

This paper is related to the optimal structure of the traffic and transportation network. Differing from the related literature which investigates the optimal structure of the traffic and transportation network based on the viewpoint that the network is scale-free, a network evolving model which is relatively adaptive for the traffic and transportation network is proposed to analyze the node degree distribution. At each time step of the network evolving, the total volume of traffics overall the network is increased. After running the user-equilibrium assignment algorithm, the congestion degree factor of each link on the network is calculated according to the ratio of the number of overloaded links to that of total links. The finding is that the structural performance of the traffic and transportation network for resisting the congestion is strongly dependent on the self-connecting probability and the number of links added at each time step during the growth of the network, not necessarily the total volume of traffics

Cause analysis of the landslide accident using count model

According to occurrence characteristics of landslides distributing in the southwest zone of China, an analytical model based on Count Model (CM) is proposed to investigate the causes and impacting factors of landslide accidents. The count data of an estimate regression model for the cause analysis is collected from different observed landslide locations at Wanzhou District, Chongqing, China. Since the collected landslide occurrence data is not necessarily following the Poisson distribution that the proposed Count Model is estimated via quasi-maximum likelihood (QML) method. Two regression models based on the count data (i.e. two Count Models) are formulated. The first is the model to analyze the relationship between the cause of the landslide and landslide characteristic factors. The second one is to investigate the relationship of landslide causes and the external environmental factors. Based on the outputted coefficient values of the two count models, we conclude that the occurrence of landslides is positively related to the hillside angle and the slope height of the landslide, and is negatively related to the unit weight of soil and the distance to the river. As far as the environmental factors, changes of the average precipitation per month, and the artificial evacuation volume would positively affect the occurrence of landslides. Comparatively, the characteristic factor of landslide is more susceptible than the external environmental factor for causing the landslides

Calculation of Capacity of the Express Freight Transportation Service Network under Constraint of Delivery Time

鉴于快捷货运网络中存在多种运输方式、对货物运达服务要求高等特点,提出以运达时间可靠性为主要约束的快捷货运服务网络运输能力计算方法,设计遗传操作与蒙特卡洛模拟相结合的混合智能算法。对既有文献的算例进行结果分析后得出:当快捷货运需求较低时,快捷货运服务网络可以在要求的运达时间限制条件下完成相应的运输任务;当快捷货运需求很高时,快捷货运服务网络运输能力的可靠性急剧下降,即当拥挤时,快捷货运服务网络运达时间可靠性很难得到保证。In view of the characteristics of the express freight transportation network such as multi-mode operations and high requirements for delivery service,the method for determining the capacity of the express freight transportation service network was put forward under constraint of reliability of the delivery time.The hybrid intelligent algorithm was designed,which integrated the genetic operation and Monte Carlo simulation.Referring to the existing relevant literature,results of a numerical case show as follows: When the demand level of express freight transportation is low,the express freight transportation service network is able to finish all freight assignments at the required delivery time;when the express freight transportation demand reaches a very high level,the reliability of the express freight transportation service network decreases dramatically,i.e.,in the case of congestion,the reliability of on-time delivery is hard to be guaranteed.教育部人文社科研究基金(12YJCZH237); 福建省科技厅软科学项目(2012R0078); 铁道部科技研究开发计划(2011X004

Research on algorithm of determining scale of intermodal freight network and cargo turnover volume proportions

通过30年来全国范围综合货运网络基础数据的分析,采用数理统计的方法,得出了三大产业生产总值和5种运输方式所承担货物周转量的相关关系函数,并以此确定了综合货运网络各种运输方式的里程规模.结合当前常规数据结构,建立不同运输方式所承担货物周转量合理比例的多目标货物周转量比例计算模型(CCTV MOdEl),并基于运输效率、运输效益、对经济增长的贡献分别确定了合理货物周转量构成比例.结果表明,模型利用国内的常规数据结构能够较好的预测综合货运周转量比例,并应用于未来综合货运结构的预测和分析,不同目标值决定了不同的运输方式货物周转量构成比例.The basic data of national intermodal freight network in recent thirty years are analyzed,and mathematical statistics is applied to these data.The functions of correlativity among gross products of the three industries and turnover volume of cargo transported by five transportation modes respectively are plotted.These correlativity functions are used to determine the mileage scale of intermodal freight network.The mathematical model for the reasonable turnover volume proportion of cargo transported by various modes(CCTV Model)is formulated,which is based on three levels of objectives,the transportation efficiency,the transportation profit and the degree of contributions to economic growth.The results show that the model by using the conventional data of domestic structure can better predict comprehensive freight turnover ratio,and apply to the future comprehensive freight forecast and analysis of the structure.Different targets determine the different proportions of freight turnover ratio for different transportation modes.国家“973”计划项目资助(2012CB725403