抗凝药防治急性静脉血栓栓塞症的有效性和安全性的系统评价和网状Meta分析

目的系统评价新型抗凝口服药(NOACs)和传统抗凝药防治急性静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的有效性和安全性。方法系统检索2018-03-10之前Pub Med、Em Base、Cochrane Library等数据库,纳入NOACs防治急性VTE的随机对照试验(RCT)共12篇,涉及患者42343例(试验组21162例,对照组21181例),进行数据提取和质量评价后,用R软件和Stata软件进行直接比较和网状Meta分析。结果 NOACs与传统抗凝药物的有效性相比,总静脉血栓与相关死亡事件的发生率差异无统计学意义(均P> 0. 05)。安全性:阿哌沙班组(10 mg bid)与阿哌沙班组(2. 5 mg bid)、利伐沙班组(10 mg od)、利伐沙班组(15 mg bid)和标准治疗组(2. 0≤INR≤3. 0)这4组相比,重大出血及临床相关非重大出血事件的发生率显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。达比加群酯组(150 mg bid)、依度沙班组(30 or 60 mg qd)与华法林组(2. 0≤INR≤3. 0)相比,重大出血及临床相关非重大出血事件的发生率显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。结论 NOACs防治急性VTE的有效性具有和传统抗凝药物同样的效果,且NOACs的安全性优于标准治疗和华法林。国家自然科学基金资助项目(81472031; 81101331);;福建省卫生系统中青年骨干人才重点项目基金资助项目(2015-ZQN-ZD-32);;厦门市第二批青年创新创业人才基金资助项目(2015-A-03

Response of Photosynthetic Apparatus to Different Irradiance in Flag Leaves of High-Yielding Winter Wheat PH01-35 Grown under Low Light Conditions

为了解弱光下生长的小麦叶片在不同光强下PS II和光合电子传递链的工作状态,解释其突然转入强光下时发生光抑制和光破坏的原因,以PH01-35为材料,采用大田人工遮光的方法,测定了小麦旗叶叶绿素含量、光合特性参数及快速光曲线。弱光处理15 d后,旗叶叶绿素含量明显上升,净光合速率、光补偿点、光饱和点、表观量子效率、羧化效率均出现不同程度的下降。与250μMOl M-2 S-1的弱光适应3 H相比,1 200μMOl M-2 S-1的强光适应3 H后,弱光下生长叶片的快速光曲线初始斜率下降幅度较大,曲线下降部分的斜率、最大相对电子传递速率、半饱和光强的上升幅度均小于自然光下生长的叶片,光能利用能力较低,其非光化学猝灭系数nPQ也明显低于自然光下生长的叶片,为自然光下生长叶片的87.5%。弱光下生长的小麦叶片光能吸收能力增强,但较低的光能利用能力和过剩光能耗散能力是其转入自然强光后易发生光抑制甚至光破坏的主要原因。To further explain the mechanism of photoinhibition and light damage in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) leaves when it was suddenly transferred from low light to high light conditions,the responses of photosynthetic apparatus in shaded leaves of the high-yielding winter wheat line,PH01-35,were examined using chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange techniques.After 15-day shading,the chlorophyll content increased greatly,but the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),light compensation point(LCP),light saturation point(LSP),apparent quantum yield(AQY),and carboxylation efficiency(CE) all decreased.Compared with leaves grown in full sunlight,the initial slope(α),decline slope(β),maximum relative electron transport rate(rETRmax),and minimum saturating irradiance(Ek) of rapid light curves in leaves grown in low light were lower when the plant was transferred from low light intensity of 250 μmol m-2 s-1 to high light intensity of 1 200 μmol m-2 s-1.Non photochemical quenching(NPQ) in leaves grown in low light was significantly lower than that in leaves grown in full sunlight,indicating that the ability of light use and thermal energy dissipation was limited in leaves grown in low light.The wheat leaves grown in low light were more suscepti-ble to photoinhibition due to low CO2 assimilation and photoprotective ability,such as xanthophylls cycle-dependent dissipation of excessive energy,despite the better energy absorbability in low light conditions.山东省农业良种工程重大课题(鲁农良种字[2006]6号)资

A New Random Walk Simulation Model for Study of Diffusion Behavior of Single Particle Within Two-Dimensional Space

分子的扩散行为是微观化学的重要研究领域. 影响扩散行为的因素很多，但是目前各个因素的具体影响效果还不明确. 作者基于随机行走理论建立了分子在二维空间的扩散模型，依据此模型自主开发了模拟软件以及数据分析系统，并利用该模拟软件系统研究了势垒尧横向速度等因素对扩散行为的影响，验证了该模型的可靠性，证明根据该模型可以得到和实验尧理论相吻合的结果. 该软件有望成为模拟微观化学扩散行为的潜在平台，如电化学以及膜过滤过程中的扩散.Research on diffusion behaviors is of significant value in that it is closely related to transport phenomena in micro-chemistry. However, the effects of variables on diffusion are still unclear. Here, we developed and programmed a simulation methodology along with data analysis, which was capable to simulate the diffusion of a particle within twodimensional heterogeneous space in large timescale; the effects of periodically arranged impenetrable barriers of specific shape and lateral drifting velocity on diffusion behavior were studied. As well as standard mean square displacement analysis, a new method, the appearance probability distribution method, was introduced, which revealed whether the particle tended to be present at certain positions. This article introduced the construction of the simulation model and demonstrated the validity of the model. The results showed that our model fit qualitatively well with experiments and theories. The model was proved to be an excellent potential platform for simulating the diffusion behaviors in micro-chemistry, such as the diffusion process in electrochemistry as well as nanofiltration membrane.This work was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2010CB732400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (20821063, 20873063, 51071084, and 21273113), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2010389).This work was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2010CB732400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (20821063, 20873063, 51071084, and 21273113), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2010389).作者联系地址：南京大学 化学化工学院, 生命分析化学国家重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210008Author's Address: State Key Lab of A nalytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

Influence of Vegetation Restoration on Distribution of Aggregate and Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Loess Plateau

植被是影响土壤有机碳含量和土壤结构的重要因素,植被通过凋落物影响有机碳输入的数量和质量,同时有改善土壤结构特别是水稳性团聚体的数量。探讨黄土高原侵蚀地区植被恢复后对土壤有机碳、氮及其团聚体平均重量直径的影响,研究结果显示土壤有机碳、全氮含量与水稳性团聚体平均重量直径的变化趋势相同,平均重量直径与有机C含量之间有二次多项式关系。植被类型是影响土壤碳、氮含量的关键因素,植被恢复增加土壤养分含量,改善土壤结构和土壤环境

论建筑电气施工阶段应注意的问题及预防措施

建筑工程项目的建造质量关系到人民群众的生活和工作，高质量的建筑工程项目可以推动经济社会的良好发展。在城镇化水平不断提升、人民对美好生活需要日益提高的时代背景下，对建筑工程行业也提出了更高的标准和要求，必须要注重建筑工程项目的建造施工质量以及施工安全，电气工程作为建筑工程项目建设环节的一个重要内容，对建筑工程项目的建造质量有直接的影响。电气技术的良好应用，可以保障建筑工程项目的电气设备的稳定安全运行，因此在建筑工程项目的电气施工环节，必须受到施工单位的高度关注。然而，目前建筑工程项目的电气工程建设还有一些需要解决的问题，必须要结合工程项目的建设实际，制定科学合理的施工计划，以确保建筑工程项目的总体建设质量。</jats:p

建筑给排水施工技术的优化及发展探讨

建筑工程施工中给排水的施工质量直接关系到建筑项目整体的竣工质量，文章结合笔者个人工作经验，探讨了建筑给排水施工当前存在的若干问题，并给出了优化及发展建议，为今后更好的提升建筑给排水施工质量提供参考与借鉴。</jats:p

Regionalization and Construction of Eco-economic Functional Areas for Small Watersheds in Loess Hilly-gully Region of Southern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

以土地生态景观格局优化为基础,以功能定位与建设为目标,进行了上黄示范区生态经济功能区规划与建设,提出了生态保护功能区、旱作农业功能区和高效生态农业功能区的景观生态特征、主体功能、主体模式和指标要求。通过5a的生态经济功能区建设,上黄示范区2010年人均收入达到4470元,人均产粮480kg;植被覆盖率达到70.3%,土壤侵蚀模数小于500t/(km2.a),初步实现了生态保护区&quot;保土、理水、储碳和植物资源保育利用&quot;,旱作农业区&quot;土壤培肥、粮食增产、土地生产力提高&quot;,高效生态农业区&quot;光热水资源优化组合、低碳高效、社会生态经济和谐发展&quot;的功能目标。建立的功能区模式和相应的建设技术体系,将为宁南及黄土丘陵区乡村一级为基本单元的生态经济功能区规划建设提供有益借鉴

The evidence and significances of hydraulic lift in plant roots

对根水倒流的研究进展进行了综述，分析和介绍了其存在类型、普遍性、发生量、发生位置、生理学基础等，讨论了其在植物生理学、生态学、营养学和作物栽培学等学科中的重要意义，并指出其存在问题和进一步研究的方向

The Effect of Fertilizer Apply Methods on Improving Nitrogen Transport and Increasing Crop Yield

通过改进宁南黄土丘陵区旱作农田施肥的三种方法与现行两种施肥方法的对比试验研究，结果表明．改进后的施肥方法不仅能减少农田春麦系统中氮素ＮＨ３挥发，土壤残留，和不明途径损失，而且能显著提高氮肥利用率，从而使&ldquo;三高一低&rdquo;的氮素运移特征得到明显改善，同时还能提高肥料的增产作用。在三种改进的施肥方法中以１／４基肥＋１／２深追＋１／４叶喷的方法，效果更好