铜箔量热计的激波管标定

铜箔量热计作为一种厚膜热电偶，在大热流测量方面有较好的应用优势。本文在铜箔量热计工作原理的基础上，对其非理想性误差进行理论分析，同时利用激波管对其进行标定。理论分析结果表明铜箔量热计在应用前须要进行标定。激波管标定结果显示单个铜箔量热计具有较好的重复性，批次传感器散差低于12%

状态相关非饱和土力学理论及应用

陆表土体绝大多数处于非饱和状态, 它是所有建筑物与边坡的承载体, 也是植物生长的根基. 在全球气候变化引发的强降雨等极端天气事件以及日益增强的人类工程活动影响下, 陆表非饱和土极易发生塑性变形、失稳滑动或生态退化等灾病害. 据联合国减灾办公室统计, 近50年的非饱和土边坡滑动灾害造成全球1000多万人死亡. 传统非饱和土力学理论难以解决气候变化与工程活动作用下非饱和土中普遍存在的渗流-变形-强度耦合问题, 也无法考虑非饱和土与植物间的相互作用. 通过长期对非饱和土力学的系统研究, 笔者研究团队发现了吸力和应力状态耦合影响非饱和土渗流-变形-强度的规律, 建立了状态相关非饱和土本构理论; 推导了植被非饱和土的渗流与稳定性计算方法, 为非饱和土生态护坡提供了科学依据, 进而研发了生态型三层土质覆盖系统, 解决了传统方法容易失稳和老化问题. 新型覆盖系统已成功应用于深圳最大的生活垃圾填埋场, 被在编国标推荐使用. Unsaturated soils are prevalent on the Earth’s surface and significantly impact construction engineering and vegetation growth. Their characteristics are governed not only by the stress state but also by the moisture content (known as suction) and are affected by several factors such as engineering activities, climate change, and vegetation. Seepage, deformation, and instability in unsaturated soils have led to various disasters, such as slope failures, excessive embankment settlement, and ecological degradation, posing a threat to sustainable development, particularly under climate change. According to the International Disaster Database, unsaturated soil slope failures have caused over 10 million fatalities in the last 50 years. The conventional theory of unsaturated soil mechanics is insufficient in accurately analyzing problems associated with seepage, deformation, and stability, coupled with the effects of climate change and engineering activities. Moreover, it does not account for the hydromechanical interaction between unsaturated soil and vegetation. To address these gaps in the classical theory’s applicability, the research team, led by the first author of this paper, conducted extensive research on unsaturated soil mechanics and its applications. The team discovered the state-dependent hydromechanical coupling behavior of unsaturated soils and developed an innovative state-dependent elastoplastic constitutive framework. This new framework was used to establish design guidelines to enhance the design of slopes and pavements. The research team also devised a theoretical method for computing the seepage and stability of vegetated unsaturated soils, providing a solid scientific foundation for exploring unsaturated bioengineered slopes. Additionally, the team introduced a novel sustainable cover system that employs construction waste, negating the requirement for a geomembrane. This system was successfully applied at the Xiaping landfill site, the largest domestic waste landfill in Shenzhen, and has been incorporated into China’s national standard, “Technical Code for Geotechnical Engineering of Municipal Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill”