Research on preferential tax policies of stimulatingsmall and micro enterprise development

小微企业在我国国民经济中扮演着重要的角色，是经济发展的生力军、就业的主要渠道、科技创新的主要来源。现阶段我国经济下行压力很大，作为市场中最活跃的细胞，小微企业的生存和发展关系着整个国民经济的持续发展。但小微企业先天在与大中型企业市场中竞争中处于弱势地位，且每个地区差异很大，难以实现市场的公平竞争。税收优惠作为矫正市场调控失灵的有效工具，可以调整经济结构、充分发挥税收的经济杠杆作用，利用其职能帮助企业度过难关。通过完善小微企业税收优惠政策，促进小微企业的健康持续的发展。 2011至2014年，财政部国家税务总局先后三次提高小型微利企业所得税减半征收标准，2013年8月起免征月销售额或营业额2万...Small and micro enterprises play an important role in our national economy, which are the fresh troops of economic development, the main channels of employment and primary sources of technological innovation. At the present stage, our national economy has a great downturn pressure. While as the most active cells in the market, the survival and development of small and micro enterprises concern the...学位：税务硕士院系专业：经济学院_税务硕士学号：1552012115182

Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Assisted Particle Formation Process

摘要超临界流体制备微纳米粉体技术是近十几年来国内外正积极研发的一项新技术，与传统的颗粒形成方法比，该类方法具有产品纯度高、粒径分布可控、制造工艺简单、操作温度低、避免使用有机溶剂等许多明显的优点。而其中的气体饱和溶液微粒形成技术（ParticlesFromationfromGas-SaturatedSolutions，PGSS）是超临界流体制备超微粉体技术新近的发展，目前国内还没有研究报道。本文在系统概述有关PGSS的典型工艺流程、制备微细颗粒的影响因素、最近理论研究进展等的基础上，介绍了一套自行设计及搭建的PGSS实验装置；并以该装置研究了CO2辅助的微粒化技术（即PGSS技术），以及在其基...Abstract The study of producing microparticles has already become a hot topic currently, in which using the Supercritical Fluids (SCF) techniques to prepare superfine particles has some significant advantages over traditional methods, such as little environmental pollution, preferable particle morphology, controllable particle sizes, simple equipments and low operation temperature. Particl...学位：工学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院化学工程与生物工程系_化学工程学号：20033300

Understand on concept of estuary ecosystem safety

主要阐述生态安全的概念,对生态安全概念的起源、发展及国内外学者对生态安全概念的理解进行归纳总结。生态安全的概念应该包括生态健康、生态服务、生态风险三部分内容。本文在对生态安全概念研究的基础上,归纳分析河口生态安全的内涵。河口生态安全概念的认知和理解是河口生态评价和管理的基础,本文将以此为目的积极进行生态安全及河口生态安全概念的探索、分析和归纳总结。The concept of ecosystem safety is studied in this paper.Its origin and development as well as the domestic and foreign scholars on it are summarized.The concept of ecosystem safety includes the ecosystem health,service as well as risk.The summary and analysis of the estuary ecosystem safety connotation are made based on the studies of the ecosystem safety concept.The learning and understanding of the estuary ecosystem safety concept is the first step to valuate and manage the estuary ecosystem.For this purpose,the analysis and summary of the estuary ecosystem safety concept were given.海洋公益性行业科研专项(200805064);国家908专项(908-02-03-01

The evaluating index system for estuary ecosystem safety based on PSR model

PSr模型是有效的生态评价和管理模型,近年来其在生态系统评价领域的运用越来越普遍。本文对PSr模型的产生、原理及其主要的类型进行介绍,介绍其在生态评价领域的运用概况,并重点介绍其在流域-河口及海洋生态安全评价中的运用,为河口生态安全评价做准备。本文对PSr模型在河口生态安全评价中的适用性进行分析,并基于PSr模型构建了河口生态安全评价指标体系,最后指出该模型在评价中存在的主要问题。PSR model is an efficient model for evaluating and managing ecosystem and has been used more and more popular in the field of ecosystem assessment in recent years.This paper introduced the origin,theories and types of PSR model,as well as its application in the field of ecosystem assessment,especially the assessment of base-estuary and ocean ecosystem safety,searched for assessing the estuary ecosystem safety.Practicability of PSR model in the assessment of estuary ecosystem safety was analyzed.It constructed the index system of estuary ecosystem safety assessment and put forward some problems about this model eventually.海洋公益性行业科研专项(200805064);国家908专项(908-02-03-01

气液界面培养的鼻黏膜上皮细胞的纤毛分化

目的 :建立培养人鼻黏膜上皮 (HNE)细胞的纤毛分化模型。方法 :HNE细胞培养在覆盖Ⅰ型胶原凝胶的支持膜上 ,采用无血清培养液 ,行气液界面 (ALI)培养 ,用扫描电镜及图像分析技术对纤毛面积进行定量分析。结果 :液面下培养 2周的HNE细胞纤毛分化很差 (0 .31% ) ,而行ALI培养 2周的HNE细胞纤毛分化数量明显增加 (8.6 2 % ) ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。 结论 :采用ALI培养 ,提供细胞生长的极性环境 ,可以促进体外培养的鼻黏膜上皮细胞的纤毛分

Review on assessment methods of estuarine ecological safety

介绍了河口生态系统的内涵,总结对比国内外学者对流域—河口及海洋生态安全评价方法的分类,认为基于评价技术方法对生态安全评价方法进行分类比较合理。介绍了一些国内外主要的生态安全评价方法,及其在流域—河口及海洋生态安全评价中的应用,为河口生态安全评价拓宽思路、提供方法。对生态安全评价的发展趋势和发展要求进行分析,认为在河口生态安全的概念研究、指标体系的构建和定量评价技术方法等方面需要进一步加强。This article studies the connotation of estuarine ecosystems and summarizes the classification methods on the ecological safety assessment based on the domestic and foreign research in the basin and marine estuaries.The result showes that it is suitable to classify the assessment methods of ecological safety based on the evaluation technical methods.Some popular ecological safety assessment methods as well as their applications in "basin-estuary" and marine ecosystem assessment are also introduced and it will provide better methods for the estuarine ecological safety assessment.The article analizes the trend and demand in the estuarine ecological safety assessment,too.The author point out that there is a great many work to do in the definition of the estuarine ecological safety,indexes system creation as well as quantitative assessment.海洋公益性行业科研专项(200805064);国家908专项(908-02-03-01

Distribution of anaerobic bacteria in surface sediments from the Western Arctic Sea

用逐步稀释法在4℃和25℃培养条件下测定了西北冰洋海域24个表层沉积物样品中厌氧菌(AnAErObIC bACTErIA,AAb)的检出率和含量.同时,分析了这两项指标的水平分布(纬度间、经度间)差异,以及在不同水深的变化特征.结果表明,在4℃和25℃培养条件下厌氧菌检出率高达100%,AAb含量范围分别为9.00x102~2.40x107CEll·g-1和2.90x104~2.40x107CEll·g-1,平均含量分别为4.54x106CEll·g-1和3.99x106CEll·g-1.AAb含量存在水平分布差异,随着纬度升高,或经度自西向东,或水深的加大,AAb的含量均呈现逐渐降低的趋势.The occurrence and content of anaerobic bacteria in 24 surface sediments in the Western Arctic Ocean were measured via progressive dilution under laboratory incubation at 4℃ and 25℃,and the spatial patterns of anaerobic bacteria distribution were further examined.All the samples have anaerobic bacteria.The contents of anaerobic bacteria cultivated ranged from 9.00×102 to 2.40×107 cell· g-1 wet sample (the same hereafter) and 2.90×104 to 2.40×107 cell· g-1 with an average of 4.54×106 cell· g-1 and 3.99×106 cell· g-1 in the 4℃ and 25℃ samples,respectively.The distributions of anaerobic bacteria varied by both latitude and longitude,and also in sediment samples with different water depths.The anaerobic bacteria content decreased from low latitude to high latitude,from the western area to the eastern area,and from shallow water to deep basin.国家自然科学基金(No.40576060;40376017)---

人工智能支撑新型电力系统能源供给及消纳

能源革命和数字革命方兴未艾，正共同推动中国能源电力系统向新型电力系统转型升级。人工智能有助于新型电力系统实现精准建模、高效分析及智能决策控制，是新型电力系统构建的关键支撑技术。通过对人工智能在电力系统源、网、荷、储等关键环节的预测、建模、分析、优化控制等核心应用的现状进行综述，对元学习、无监督预训练、可解释性与人机混合增强等人工智能领域的技术发展和其在新型电力系统的应用进行分析展望，为中国人工智能技术与新型电力系统的深度融合发展提供参考借鉴

Study on the Application of Novel Spectrometric Technique--Ⅱ.Determination of Protein Labeled by Dyes

将所提出的光谱检测新技术应用于常用标记染料的分析测定， 所得光谱图形状与吸收光谱相似， 检测限比相应的分光光度法测定降低1 个数量级左右.The novel spectrometric technique proposed applied to study the protein labeled by dyes.The spectral profiles gained by this technique were all similar to the corresponding UV-Vis absorption spectra,and the detection limits of proteins by this method were 10 times lower than that by spectrophotometry.The complex ratios of dyes to protein were also examined by equimolar continuous change method and molar ratio method.国家自然科学基金!（29745002