Fabrication and Characteristic Analysis of Holographic Subwavelength Anti-reflective Gratings

亚波长微结构是指尺寸小于作用光波长的周期结构。当周期性微结构表面的周期与入射波长相比要小或小得多的时候，传统的衍射现象消失，仅有零级衍射存在。通过改变其周期与刻蚀深度，可以改变其反射率与透射率，从而可以制作亚波长光栅减反层。由于一维亚波长光栅在许多情况下两个偏振态的减反效果是不一样的，在实际应用中存在许多不便。为了既能够实现良好的减反效果又能够在两个偏振态达到同样的效果，本文研究了二维亚波长结构，设计并制作了周期小于可见光波长、结构形状为正弦型的二维正交亚波长光栅。经测试这种光栅象多层抗反膜一样，在可见光波段具有很好的增透作用，与理论相吻合。二维六角晶格结构可以看作是由多组方向不同的一维光栅构...Subwavelength structures refer to the periodic structures whose sizes are smaller than the light wavelengths. When the periods of the subwavelength structures are smaller or much smaller than light wavelengths, traditional diffraction phenomenon vanishes and only the zeroth order diffraction exists. The reflectivity and transmittance of such structures can be changed by changing the periods and et...学位：理学硕士院系专业：物理与机电工程学院物理学系_凝聚态物理学号：1982006115180

Fabrication and characteristic analysis of two-dimensional anti-reflective subwavelength periodic gratings

运用等效介质理论研究了占空比随深度变化的二维亚波长光栅的抗反射原理。对全息干涉法制得的正弦型光栅进行了详细分析,表明这类光栅形成了渐变折射率的抗反膜结构。设计并利用两束相干光对称入射到记录介质(光刻胶)分两次曝光的全息方法制备了适用于可见波段的周期为310nM的二维正交正弦型光栅。测试结果表明这种光栅在整个可见光波段具有增透作用,有潜力作为传统抗反膜的替代品。将具有浮雕结构的记录介质为母版并采用模压或浇铸等方法,可将结构复制到其它材料上。这类抗反射材料具有制作简单、成本低、可大批量生产等优点。On the base of the effective medium theory(EMT),the anti-reflection property of subwavelength cross gratings with filling factors changing with depth is studied.Sinusoidal shaped gratings fabricated with holographic lithography are analyzed in detail,indicating that this kind of grating can form the structure similar to graded index anti-reflective coatings.Two-dimensional sinusoidal cross gratings with 310 nm period were designed and fabricated using double-exposure method,with two coherent beams symmetrically incident to the recording medium(photoresist).The result shows that the grating has enhanced the transmission at visible wave band,thus has the potential to replace the traditional anti-reflective coatings.Taking the recording medium with relief structures as the master and using embossing or casting methods,the structures can be replicated to other materials.Such anti-reflection materials have the merits of simple fabrication,low cost and mass production

Abundance and production of bacteria and their correlations with environmental factor

以2014年8月南海北部海水样品为研究对象,利用平板计数法和流式细胞仪计数法对南海北部表层和垂直海域可培养细菌和细菌总数分布状况进行研究,对细菌; 生产力进行测定,并结合环境因子进行相关性分析。结果表明:珠江口到南海北部海域,水平方向可培养细菌总数变化范围是3.70*10~2 ~; 1.42*10~3 CFU/mL,细菌总数变化范围是5.12 * 10~5 ~1.61 * 10~6; cells/mL,细菌生产力的变化范围是0.03 ~0.40 mg/m~3/h;垂直方向上可培养细菌变化范围是1.08 *10~3 ~9.00; *10~3 CFU/mL,细菌生产力变化范围是0.01 ~0.08; mg/m~3/h,其中表层海水中的细菌生产力明显高于底层。与环境因子相关性分析表明,水平方向上,影响南海北部表层海水细菌总数和细菌生产力的主要因; 素是温度、盐度、硝酸盐(NO_3-N)、硅酸盐(SiO_3-Si)、亚硝酸盐(NO_2-N)和磷酸盐(PO_4-P)(P<0.05);垂直方向上; ,影响南海北部可培养细菌总数的主要因素是NO_2-N(P<0.05),影响细菌生产力的主要影响因素是温度和盐度(P; <0.05)。可见,南海北部表层海水中细菌总数高于可培养细菌总数2; ~3个数量级,表明该海域表层海水存在大量不可培养细菌;细菌的生命活动在海水表层相较底层更为活跃。Distribution of abundance and production of bacteria and their; correlations with environmental factor were investigated, using plate; count method and flow cytometry, in the surface and vertical waters of; the northern south China sea in August 2014. The cultivable bacterial; abundance ranged from 3.70 * 10~2 CFU/mL to 1.42 * 10~3 CFU/ mL, the; total bacterial abundance ranged from 5.12 * 10~5 cells/mL to 1.61 *; 10~6 cells/mL and the bacterial productions varied from 0.03 mg/m~3/h to; 0.40 mg/m~3/h in horizontal distribution. In vertical distribution, the; cultivable bacterial abundance ranged from 1.08 * 10~3 CFU/mL to 9.00 *; 10~3 CFU/mL and the bacterial productions varied from 0.01 mg/m~3/h to; 0.08 mg/m~3/h, respectively. The correlation analysis results showed; that the environmental factors affecting the abundance of total bacteria; and bacterial productivity included temperature, salinity,; nitrate(NO_3-N),silicate (SiO_3-Si), nitrite (NO_2-N),and phosphate; (PO_4-P) (P<0.05). NO_2-N was the main influencing factor to cultivable; bacteria abundance (P < 0.05), while bacterial productivity was highly; correlated with temperature and salinity in vertical distribution of; northern south China sea (P < 0.05). The total bacterial abundance was 2; ~ 3 orders of magnitude higher than cultivable bacteria, suggesting that; there were many uncultured bacterium in surface water of northern south; China sea and bacterial activities in the surface maybe more active than; in the bottom.全球变化与海气交互作用; 国家重点研发计划全球变化及应对专项; 海洋公益性行业科研专

Fabrication and characteristic analysis of anti-reflective film of 2-D photonic crystal

为了研究2维亚波长光栅的抗反射特性,分析了2维光子晶体的2维光栅结构,通过全息3束光干涉的方法,在光刻胶上制作了六角结构的2维全息光子晶体结构。把具有2维全息光子晶体结构的光刻胶作为母版采用全息模压的方法,将结构复制到薄膜材料上。结果表明,这种抗反膜在红外波段具有增透作用,与理论分析相吻合。In order to study the anti-reflection property of two-dimension sub-wavelength gratings,the structure of twodimension grating of two-dimension photonic crystal was analyzed in detail.The two-dimension hexagonal structure photonic crystal was fabricated with three coherent beams incident onto the recording medium (photoresist) with holographic recording method.Taking the recording medium with relief structures as the master and using embossing technology,the structures can be replicated to polyvinylchlorid fihn.The measured result shows that the transmittance of the thin film at infrared wave band is enhanced,in good agreement with the theoretical result.福建省科技计划资助项目(2007F3099

Fabrication of Photonic Crystal with Holography and Its Application in LED

阐述了全息技术实现制作光子晶体的机理,并采用3块点元全息图进行组合设计,制成含有3块相互对称分布的组合全息元件(CHE),利用CHE和一个空间滤波器构成一套制备大面积光子晶体的系统,使光子晶体的制备技术可能达到真正意义上的实用化.并对其在发光二极管上的应用作了初步探讨,将二维光子晶体置入GaN基蓝光LED的P区,使其发光效率提高为原来的1.35倍.A mechanism of fabricating photonic crystal(PhCs) by a holographic technique is described in this paper.A fabricating large-area PhCs system consisting of CHE and a space filter is made.The key element in the fabrication system is a combined holographic element(CHE) consisting of three symmetrical gratings which is designed by three thick-glass-matching system,so the fabrication technology of PhCs will be in real application.Some preliminary work in the application of PhCs to light emitting diode is done.Two-dimensional PhCs is fabricated on the surface of light emitting diode and the light extraction is inhanced to 1.35 times.福建省自然科学基金资助项目(A0510003

Sabatier反应器的小型化研究

针对中长期载人航天CO2处理与02循环再生问题,在Sabatier反应热力学分析的基础上,通过优化反应器高低温区的反应温度及进出口温度并预测冷却气体的最佳流量及出口温度,提出了适于载人航天的Sabatier反应流程及基于微化工技术的微反应器设计方案,制造出一套地面Sabatier反应试验样机.在H2/CO2摩尔比为3.5、原料气流量为4.3L/min、高温反应器温度为260-268℃、低温反应器温度为210-235℃的条件下,头现了4500小时稳定运行、耳转化率大于98%、系统压力降小于4kPa的结果,为未来实用微反应器的设计奠定了技术基础

微反应器中甲苯液相SO_3磺化工艺研究

以具有快速强放热特性的甲苯液相SO3磺化为目标反应，利用微反应器热、质传递能力强的优点，以提高反应性能和过程可控性。针对微反应器内的甲苯液相SO3磺化工艺进行了研究，考察了反应温度、SO3质量分数、SO3与甲苯物质的量之比、空速（LHSV）、产物放置时间、溶剂极性和母液循环次数对产物选择性的影响。结果表明，在温度为28℃、LHSV为13000h2、1,2．二氯乙烷为溶剂的条件下，通过母液多次循环，磺酸异构体产物中对甲苯磺酸的选择性高达96．54％，间甲苯磺酸选择性则降低至0．33％

Sabatier反应器的小型化研究

针对中长期载人航天CO2处理与02循环再生问题,在Sabatier反应热力学分析的基础上,通过优化反应器高低温区的反应温度及进出口温度并预测冷却气体的最佳流量及出口温度,提出了适于载人航天的Sabatier反应流程及基于微化工技术的微反应器设计方案,制造出一套地面Sabatier反应试验样机.在H2/CO2摩尔比为3.5、原料气流量为4.3L/min、高温反应器温度为260-268℃、低温反应器温度为210-235℃的条件下,头现了4500小时稳定运行、耳转化率大于98%、系统压力降小于4kPa的结果,为未来实用微反应器的设计奠定了技术基础

微反应器中甲苯液相SO_3磺化工艺研究

以具有快速强放热特性的甲苯液相SO3磺化为目标反应，利用微反应器热、质传递能力强的优点，以提高反应性能和过程可控性。针对微反应器内的甲苯液相SO3磺化工艺进行了研究，考察了反应温度、SO3质量分数、SO3与甲苯物质的量之比、空速（LHSV）、产物放置时间、溶剂极性和母液循环次数对产物选择性的影响。结果表明，在温度为28℃、LHSV为13000h2、1,2．二氯乙烷为溶剂的条件下，通过母液多次循环，磺酸异构体产物中对甲苯磺酸的选择性高达96．54％，间甲苯磺酸选择性则降低至0．33％