Effects of soil cadmium pollution on Allium sativum seedling growth and root antioxidant system

通过土培实验研究了镉污染胁迫对大蒜幼苗生长及根系抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明:与对照组比较,土壤低浓度镉对大蒜幼苗生长略有促进作用,单株鲜质量、干质量、根长及地上部分高度略有增加,而根系活力、可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物坡化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著升高,抗氧化防御酶系统仍保持平衡,表现在膜脂质过氧化产物(MDA)含量与对照组无明显差异;但随着土壤镉浓度的进一步增加,大蒜平均单株鲜质量、干质量、平均最大根长及地上部分高度均显著降低,同时,根系活力和可溶性蛋白含量增幅逐渐减弱,抗氧化防御酶系统平衡受到破坏,根系MDA含量显著上升。大蒜对镉吸收积累主要在根部,而向地上部分转运较少。With soil culture experiment, this paper studied the effects of Cd on the seedling growth and root antioxidant system of Allium sativum roots. The results showed that under lower concentrations (<5 mg·L-1) of Cd, the average fresh and dry mass per plant, root length and aboveground height increased slightly, root vigor, soluble protein content, SOD, POD and CAT activities increased obviously, and root antioxidant enzyme system still kept balance, reflecting in the little difference of root MDA content with the control. However, when the Cd concentration was higher than 5 mg·L-1, the average fresh and dry mass per plant, root length and aboveground height decreased markedly, the increments of root vigor and soluble protein content abated, the balance of antioxidant enzyme system was broken, and the MDA content increased obviously. The study also showed the absorbed Cd by A. sativum was mainly accumulated in roots, and only small amount of Cd was transfered to the leaves.安徽省教育厅自然基金项目(KJ2007B021);; 阜阳师范学院院级课题资助项目(2007LQ04

教材语言调查统计方法的新发展——基于基础教育新课标人教版、苏教版、北师大版、语文版的比较

对于任何一门科学而言,其成熟的主要标志是研究方法的科学化、系统化。在教材语言研究的过程中,开始我们多使用频次、文本数和分布率、累计频率等统计方法。由于教材语言具有基础性、有限性和有序性的特点,我们进一步提出教材语言统计的新方法,即复现调查法、使用度调查和频率差等教材语言统计方法。调查方法的发展和演进,有助于我们对教材语言的特点、性质和面貌有更进一步的认识

用HPLC-MS-MS快速分析和鉴定三尖杉植物内生真菌发酵液中的Brefeldin A

采用HPLC -MS -MS联用技术 ,分析了C56和C65两株具有抗肿瘤活性的三尖杉植物内生真菌发酵液抽提物 ,首次报道了这两株真菌都能产生BrefeldinA(BFA)。采用ESI-MS总离子流跟踪分析HPLC的洗脱液 ,并用低能量的CID -MS -MS(碰撞诱导裂解方式 )进一步确定目标离子峰为BFA分子离子峰 ,这为植物内生真菌发酵液中的有效成分的早期鉴别奠定了基

Effects of mowing plus waterlogging on germination and seedling growth of Spartina alterniflora

互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)是我国危害最严重的外来入侵植物之一,探索环保、经济、有效地防治互花米草的技术对保护我国海滩生态环境具有重要意义。本研究通过人工气候室(20~25℃)的盆栽实验,研究刈割与淹水对互花米草萌发和幼苗生长的影响。实验持续4个月,对互花米草地上部分进行了2次刈割,首次刈割是在互花米草生长季结束时,3个月后进行第二次刈割。首次刈割后持续淹水至实验结束,淹水处理设计0、5、10、20 cm四个淹水深度。首次刈割后各淹水处理互花米草根茎上迅速萌发克隆苗,种子的萌发比克隆苗晚约3个月。不同淹水深度对克隆苗的萌发和生长均有抑制作用,克隆苗株数、株高和地上生物量均随淹水深度增加而减少。第二次刈割后各淹水处理均没有再萌发克隆苗,但有少量种子实生苗,其中20 cm水深处理的实生苗数量最少。刈割加淹水可以很好地抑制互花米草的萌发和幼苗生长,据此建议互花米草防治方案为:在春季萌芽前,修筑堤坝,保持淹水20 cm,在营养生长期后期贴地刈割互花米草,继续淹水,第二年重复同样的刈割和淹水。为防止二次入侵,需要在邻近的互花米草分布区同时进行治理。&nbsp;</p

CDK5-dependent BAG3 degradation modulates synaptic protein turnover

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是严重威胁人类健康的重大神经系统疾病，AD的发生发展与衰老密切相关，目前临床治疗方法十分有限。因此迫切需要从AD致病早期入手，发现和鉴定导致AD神经功能紊乱的机制和靶点，为AD的早期防治提供基础。张杰教授及其团队从高通量磷酸化蛋白质组学入手，系统研究了CDK5在神经细胞中的磷酸化底物，鉴定出了在蛋白质量控制中发挥重要功能的BAG3蛋白是CDK5的全新底物。课题组从磷酸化蛋白质组学入手，发现和阐明了细胞周期蛋白激酶5（CDK5）通过调控BAG3在维持突触蛋白水平调控中的作用机制，及其在阿尔茨海默病（AD）发生发展中的机理。 该研究是多个团队历时8年合作完成的，香港中文大学的周熙文教授、美国匹兹堡大学的Karl Herrup教授、美国Sanford-Burnham研究所的许华曦教授、美国梅奥医学中心的卜国军教授，厦门大学医学院的文磊教授、张云武教授、赵颖俊教授、薛茂强教授，军事医学科学院的袁增强教授等都参与了该工作。 厦门大学医学院2012级博士生周杰超等为文章的第一作者，张杰教授为通讯作者。Background Synaptic protein dyshomeostasis and functional loss is an early invariant feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet the unifying etiological pathway remains largely unknown. Knowing that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) plays critical roles in synaptic formation and degeneration, its phosphorylation targets were re-examined in search for candidates with direct global impacts on synaptic protein dynamics, and the associated regulatory network was also analyzed. Methods Quantitative phospho-proteomics and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify top-ranked candidates. A series of biochemical assays were used to investigate the associated regulatory signaling networks. Histological, electrochemical and behavioral assays were performed in conditional knockout, shRNA-mediated knockdown and AD-related mice models to evaluate its relevance to synaptic homeostasis and functions. Results Among candidates with known implications in synaptic modulations, BCL2-associated athanogene-3 (BAG3) ranked the highest. CDK5-mediated phosphorylation on Ser297/Ser291 (Mouse/Human) destabilized BAG3. Loss of BAG3 unleashed the selective protein degradative function of the HSP70 machinery. In neurons, this resulted in enhanced degradation of a number of glutamatergic synaptic proteins. Conditional neuronal knockout of Bag3 in vivo led to impairment of learning and memory functions. In human AD and related-mouse models, aberrant CDK5-mediated loss of BAG3 yielded similar effects on synaptic homeostasis. Detrimental effects of BAG3 loss on learning and memory functions were confirmed in these mice, and such were reversed by ectopic BAG3 re-expression. Conclusions Our results highlight that neuronal CDK5-BAG3-HSP70 signaling axis plays a critical role in modulating synaptic homeostasis. Dysregulation of the signaling pathway directly contributes to synaptic dysfunction and AD pathogenesis.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation in China (Grant: 31571055, 81522016, 81271421 to J.Z.; 81801337 to L.L; 81774377 and 81373999 to L.W.); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China-Xiamen University (Grant: 20720150062, 20720180049 and 20720160075 to J.Z.); Fundamental Research Funds for Fujian Province University Leading Talents (Grant JAT170003 to L.L); Hong Kong Research Grants Council (HKUST12/CRF/13G, GRF660813, GRF16101315, AoE/M-05/12 to K.H.; GRF16103317, GRF16100718 and GRF16100219 to H.-M,C.); Offices of Provost, VPRG and Dean of Science, HKUST (VPRGO12SC02 to K.H.); Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Improvement on Competitiveness in Hiring New Faculty Funding Scheme (Ref. 133), CUHK Faculty Startup Fund and Alzheimer’s Association Research Fellowship (AARF-17-531566) to H.-M, C. 该研究受到了国家自然科学基金、厦门大学校长基金、福建省卫生教育联合攻关基金等的资助

类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家