神庙祭典与社区发展模式──莆田江口平原的例证

神庙祭典与社区发展模式──莆田江口平原的例证郑振满在中国传统社会的区域研究中，前人已经提出了若干不同的分析概念与理论模式，如“祭祀圈“、“市集区“、“宗族“、“乡族“、“乡绅“等理论，都是学者耳熟能详的。以往的研究成果表明，这些理论对于探讨中国区域社..

The Evolution of Local Finance and Government Functions in Fujian during the Qing Dynasty

清初承袭明后期的“一条鞭法” ,对地方财政实行分级分类定额包干体制 ,同时大幅度删减地方财政预算 ,使各级地方政府职能趋于萎缩。清中叶推行的“耗羡归公”与“养廉银”制度 ,原是为了弥补各级政府办公经费之不足 ,但由于此后盛行“就廉摊捐” ,使之名存实亡 ;另一方面 ,由于清后期对地方存留经费实行全省统一结算制度 ,使基层政府失去了财政自主权。晚清地方财政主要依赖于捐纳与厘金 ,强化了地方政府的某些职能 ,但同时也促进了绅商一体化 ,推动了基层社会的自治化进程。The early Qing inherited the Ming policy of single whip reform, which created a quota system at each level of government administration that simultaneously reduced local budgets and weaken capabilities at all levels of local government. In the mid-Qing the system of meltage fees (haokou guigong) and salary supplements (yanglian yin) was implemented to strengthen local government but as these new policies were corrupted and they disappeared. By the later Qing dynasty, all of Fujian Province had a centralized uniform budget system, and the local governments had lost their financial autonomy. As a way out, during the late Qing period, the local governments depended on donations and lijin paid by local merchants for their finances. This strengthened efficiency and performance of local government, but led to the integration of gentry and merchants. Consequently, it also created a possibility of autonomy of the local governments

明后期福建地方行政的演变——兼论明中叶的财政改革

明后期福建地方行政的演变——兼论明中叶的财政改革郑振满前人论及明代的政治体制，往往片面强调专制主义中央集权的高度发展，而忽视地方行政的实际效能及其演变趋势。笔者认为，就国家与社会的关系而言，明代地方政府的行政职能趋于萎缩，因而导致了社会控制权的下移，..

森正夫与傅衣凌、杨国桢先生论明清地主、农民土地权利与地方社会

1983年9月,日本名古屋大学教授森正夫在厦门大学与傅衣凌、杨国桢先生进行一个月的合作研究,以《明清时代地主土地所有及农民有关土地诸权利的特点》为题,在各自阅读对方所写的有关论著及历史资料的基础上,围绕“地主土地所有的特点“、“农民有关土地的诸权利“、“土地所有和地方社会“三个主题,举行了6次研究会,报告研究心得并展开讨论。会后,由研究生郑振满、郑志章根据录音,将讨论发言部分整理成这份纪录。从纪录可以看到改革开放初期中日史学界交流活跃的一个场景,感受学术对话与互动的潮流和气氛。时间虽过去了二十六年,有关研究已有新的开拓和发展,但当年论学的视野和问题意识,思想激荡产生的智慧之光,仍具有学术史的价值。为纪念改革开放三十年,并庆贺杨国桢先生治史五十年,特全文刊出,以飨读者

新史料与新史学——郑振满教授访谈

○郑老师,您的硕士论文《明清时期闽北乡族地主经济》与博士论文《明清福建家族组织与社会变迁》,都是在傅衣凌教授指导之下完成的。我们很想知道傅先生是怎样引导您的研究方向,而您又是如何研究上述课题的

无

明清时期，乡族地主经济褥到了迅迷的发展，在长江中下游地区及东南沿海各省尤为发达，本文以闽北地区为典型，对这一历史现象作了剖析。明清时期的乡族地主经济，体现了乡族组织与地主经济的直接结合。从所有权的归属来看，乡族地主经济可以分为族产与地方公产两大系统；前者是宗族内部各个血缘集团与地主经济的结合，后者是由乡绅组成的各种地方组织与地主经济的结合。乡族组织与地主经济的结合，有种种不同的名义，其大别为祭祀、教育、赈恤及共他公益事业：相应地，乡族地主经济也有种种不同的名称，如祭产，学田、义田、役田、桥田、渡田、等等。族产是闽北乡族地主经济的重心，祭产又是闽北族产的主要成份。乡族组织的封建剥削活动，以地租、...学位：历史学硕士院系专业：人文学院历史学系_中国古代史学号：SHAO00015

Internationalization and Localization:Social and Cultural Changes in the Hometowns of Overseas Chinese in Modern South Fujian

近代中国侨乡的社会文化变迁,深受海外移民的制约和影响。已有的研究成果表明,海外移民在推进侨乡现代化的过程中,强化了原有的乡土社会文化传统。本文通过考察闽南华侨的跨国生存状态、侨乡社会权势的转移及侨乡社会文化的传承,探讨近代闽南侨乡的国际化与地方化进程。所谓国际化,是指闽南侨乡的社会经济中心不断外移,海外华侨成为闽南侨乡的地方精英,海外世界与闽南侨乡的联系日益密切。所谓地方化,是指闽南侨乡的政治权力中心不断下移,侨乡建设与地方公共事务受到了空前的重视,本地社会文化传统得到了更新和延续。深入研究这一历史过程,对于探讨全球化时代地方传统的发展前景,无疑具有理论意义和学术价值。The social and cultural changes in the hometowns of overseas Chinese in modern China were deeply restricted and influenced by overseas emigrants.Presented studies indicate that in the process of promoting the modernization of their hometowns overseas emigrants reinforced existing local social and cultural traditions.By researching the transnational living conditions of South Fujian overseas Chinese,the transfer of social power,and the transmission of social and cultural traditions in the hometowns of overseas Chinese,this article explores the process of internationalization and localization of the hometowns of overseas Chinese in modern South Fujian.The "internationalization" mentioned here refers to the continuous outward movement of the economic centers of these hometowns.Overseas Chinese became the local elites of South Fujian,and relations between the outside world and South Fujian became closer and closer."Localization" refers to the continuous devolution of political power in South Fujian.Local development and public affairs received unprecedented attention in these hometowns,and local social and cultural traditions were renewed and continued.In-depth research on this historical process will undoubtedly be of theoretical significance and scholarly value for exploring the prospects for developing local traditions in times of globalization

The Tradition of Local-Lineage Autonomy among the Hakka in Western Hokkien——A Case Study of The genealogies of the Wu lineage in Peitian

在中国传统社会中,实行以家族组织为基础的乡族自治,曾经是许多政治家和思想家的社会理想。在不同的时代与不同的地区,由于客观历史条件的限制,乡族自治的形式与内容不尽相同。所谓乡族自治,是指在国家法律和官府授权之下,对乡族事务实行自我管理;在聚族而居的社会环境中,乡族自治主要表现为家族自治。解读福建省长汀县培田吴氏家族的族谱资料,可以发现闽西客家的乡族自治传统,与晚清地方自治有历史渊源。培田吴氏的家训、家法与族规,体现了家族自治的理想模式。培田吴氏的各大支派和社团组织,对乡族公共事务和公益事业实行了有效的管理。清末新政期间成立的“培田公益社“,取代了乡约的行政职能,实现了从家族自治向地方自治的历史转型。In order to better understand the historical origin of local lineage autonomy(乡族)in Late Qing,this article,largely based on The Genealogies of the Wu Lineage in Peitian,Changting County,investigates the tradition of local-lineage autonomy among the Hakka in this area of western Hokkien.Although many statesmen and intellectuals,beginning in the Northern Song,attempted to carry out "local-lineage" autonomy based on the lineage structure,this article argues that the form of such autonomy was quite variegated and depended on the specific historical conditions.Therefore,empirical and comparative studies are needed to understand how such local autonomy was actually carried out.The Wu lineage,which had lived together for a long time,achieved local-lineage autonomy largely through relying on the lineage structure.Within the confines of the national law and governing authorities,the Wu lineage tried to manage lineage affairs through family instructions,family discipline,and lineage regulations.The Wu lineage's success represents an ideal model of lineage autonomy.The branches and associations of the Wu lineage possessed wealth and effectively managed communal affairs and public welfare.For example,the Peitian Public Welfare Association,established during the New Deal period of Late Qing,replaced the administrative functions of the communal compacts and reflected the historical transformation from lineage autonomy to local autonomy.国家社科基金项目“明清时代的乡族、乡绅与官僚政治”(04BZS016)的阶段性研究成