Reactions of Small Molecular Fuels on Applicable Nano Catalysts Surface and in-situ Electrochemical Infrared Spectroscopic Investigations

燃料电池是一种将持续供给的燃料和氧化剂中的化学能直接转化为电能的化学发电装置，是利用氢能最好的方式，也是当今科技界最热门的课题之一。氢气(H2)，甲醇(CH3OH)，甲酸(HCOOH)被认为是现今最有应用前景的燃料小分子，他们在阳极被氧化，空气中的氧气(O2)则可源源不断地在阴极为其氧化提供氧化剂，从而在电池外回路提供电能。由于纳米技术的不断发展，有效地降低了负载型高效贵金属纳米催化剂的用量；但现阶段，阳极催化剂中毒（主要为吸附态一氧化碳(CO)）与阴极氧还原低温反应活性低仍严重限制了氢氧燃料电池以及直接甲醇甲酸燃料电池的商业化过程。同时基础研究表明，模型电催化材料对这些相关小分子(CO，CH...Oxidation and reduction reactions of small molecular fuels, such as hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2), methanol (CH3OH) and formic acid (HCOOH), are utilized to transform chemical energy into electricity by the device of fuel cells. Nano-materials are the effective and low-cost catalysts for the involved fuel cell reactions including carbon monoxide (main poisoning) oxidation reaction (COR), methanol oxi...学位：理学博士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_物理化学(含化学物理)学号：2052008015017

The Chemical Constituents and Antifouling Activities of the Mangrove Plant Ceriops tagal

海洋污损生物附着在人造设备上，造成巨大的经济损失，是海洋技术面临的重大问题。有机锡和氧化亚铜被广泛的用来控制污损生物，但这些防污涂料会污染海洋环境。随着人们对环境问题的日益关注，人类迫切需要寻找高效环保型的天然防污涂料，而天然防污产物是研究天然防污涂料的基础。角果木（CeriopstagalPerr.）是红树科（Rhizophoraceae）一种重要的红树植物，富含萜类化合物包括一系列新的萜类化合物，而新的海洋萜类化合物是海洋防污涂料开发的重要源泉。本论文综合运用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、HPLC等多种色谱分离技术，对角果木根的乙醇提取物进行系统分离纯化。同时依靠红外光谱（IR）、质谱（包括ES...Marine fouling organisms often cause technical and economic problems by settling on artificial surfaces submerged in seawaters. Although organotin compounds and booster biocides have been widely used for controlling these fouling organisms, they may also pollute the aquatic environments. Along with the increasing concern about environment, effective and environmentally friendly antifoulants are ur...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_植物学学号：2005140311

Progress of Collagen Peptide Metal Chelates and Related Production Technologies

胶原蛋白肽金属螯合物是胶原蛋白肽与金属离子通过配位共价结合或吸附结合方式形成的螯合物。该螯合物作为金属矿物元素补充剂,具有生物利用率高、安全性高、生物活性高等优点。综述了胶原蛋白肽金属螯合物的螯合机理、稳定性、吸收利用、功能活性和生产制备工艺并展望了其开发应用前景,以期为相关研究提供参考。Collagen peptide metal chelates are formed by collagen peptides and metal ions through coordinate covalent bonding or adsorption binding. They have been considered as the potential approach to delivering metal mineral elements to consumers with many virtues, such as higher bioavailability, higher safety and higher bioactivity. Chelate mechanism, stability, absorption and utilization, functional activity and production technologies of collagen metal chelates were reviewed and the development prospect were also foreseen in this paper, which was expected to provide reference for related reasearches.国家自然科学基金项目（41106149;41676129）资助

Overmodulation strategy for flux trajectory tracking PWM and analysis of its characteristics

结合磁链轨迹跟踪的PWM生成原理,讨论了一种过调制实现策略。根据实际磁链对期望磁链的跟踪特性,分析建立了相位和径向两类误差模型;结合两类误差模型,定义评价指标:跟踪能力,并由此确定了过调制Ⅰ区和过调制Ⅱ区的分界点;从理论上证明了实现过调制极限状态六阶梯波调制的可行性,并给出其实现条件。开展了仿真验证和样机试验,结果表明新策略能有效提高直流母线电压的利用率,保持从线性调制、过调制Ⅰ区、过调制Ⅱ区直至六阶梯模式的平滑过渡,并明显抑制调制过程中的输出电压总谐波畸变率(THd)。A overmodulation strategy was studied based on the flux trajectory tracking PWM.First,phase error and radial error were analyzed based on the flux trajectory model.Then,combining two types of error model,a new evaluation for tracking capability was defined,and the demarcation point of overmodulation was determined.Then,the feasibility of six-step operation was proved theoretically,and the achievement conditions of six-step operation was given.Finally,the overmodulation strategy was theoretically analyzed,simulated and experimented.The results show that the new strategy effectually enhance the utilization rate of DC bus voltage and keep smooth transition form linear modulation,overmodulation to six-step operation,and markedly reduce the total harmonic distortion( THD) of the output voltage.国家自然科学基金(51177141); 福建省自然科学基金(2010J01310); 中央高校基本科研业务项目(2010121041); 航空基金(2012ZD68003

Electrochemical and In Situ FTIR Studies of Adsorption and Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether on Platinum Electrode

运用电化学循环伏安法(CV)和原位傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)反射光谱,研究了不同pH值溶液中二甲醚(DME)在Pt电极上的解离吸附和氧化过程.稳态CV结果给出,在0.1mol·L-1H2SO4溶液中,当电位处于0.05-0.35V(vsRHE)区间,约70%的Pt表面位被DME的解离吸附产物占据.DME电氧化反应的活性随pH值增加而下降,在0.1mol·L-1NaOH溶液中,氢的吸脱附几乎不受抑制且观察不到明显的氧化电流,表明DME醚键上氧原子的质子化是其发生解离吸附和氧化的必要条件.原位FTIR光谱研究给出DME解离吸附和氧化过程的分子水平信息,指出DME在低电位区间解离生成线型吸附态CO(COL)毒性中间体.当电位高于0.55V(vsRHE)时,COL开始氧化为CO2;在0.75-1.00V(vsRHE)的电位区间则可同时发生经活性中间体(HCOOH)的氧化过程.Dissociative adsorption and electrooxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) on a platinum electrode in different pH solutions were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ FTIR reflection spectroscopy. The coverage of the dissociative adsorbed species was measured about 70% from hydrogen adsorption-desorption region (0.05-0.35 V(vs RHE)) of steady-state voltammogram recorded in 0.1 mol·L-1 H2SO4 solution. It was found that the electrochemical reactivity of DME was pH dependent, i.e., the larger the pH value was, the less the reactivity of DME would be. No perceptible reactivity of DME in 0.1 mol·L-1 NaOH solution could be detected. It was revealed that the protonation of the oxygen atom in the C-O-C bond played a key role in the electrooxidation of DME. In situ FTIR spectroscopic results illustrated that linearly bonded CO (COL) species determined at low potential region were derived from the dissociative adsorption of DME and behaved as 'poisoning' intermediate. The COL species could be oxidized to CO2 at potential higher than 0.55 V (vs RHE), and in the potential range from 0.75 to 1.00 V (vs RHE) DME was oxidized simultaneously via HCOOH species that were identified as the reactive intermediates.国家自然科学基金(20433060,20673091)资助项

福建邵武将石地区维管束植物区系分析

福建邵武将石地区的植物区系处于泛北极植物区,中国-日本森林植物亚区的华东地区,有维管束植物173科461属915种(含种下单位).该区植物种类丰富,具有许多珍稀、古老、孑遗植物成分.在科、属水平上对其区系特征进行了分析,结果表明:热带分布类型的科占绝对优势,共77科,占53.1%;温带分布类型有37科,占25.5%;属的区系成分中,属的热带分布类型计197属,占区总属数的52.2%,温带分布类型共有169属,占44.9%.可见该植物区系的热带、亚热带成分占主导地位,温带成分次之.聚类分析结果表明该地区种子植物区系成分和庐山自然保护区关系最为密切,鼎湖山自然保护区次之,和五台山自然保护区的差异较大,这主要由它们生态地理条件、区系成分组成的差异所决定

Comparison of life and psychological status of the elderly between families with children absent and families with children

目的　比较研究城市空巢老人与非空巢老人的生活和心理状况。方法　以《中脉老年生活质量指数调查问卷》为材料,对7个城市2 225位独居、夫妻同住和非空巢老人的调查数据进行分析。结果　大多数老年人的经济收入偏低,非空巢老人给予子女经济支持和体力付出的压力较大;大多数老年人的心情较好,但超过1 /4的独居老人心情较差;老年人的主观幸福感居中上水平,但独居老人的主观幸福感、与家人交流满意度较低;在养老依靠问题上空巢老人(尤其是独居老人)对于家人的期望较低;对于第三方赡养和老年人再婚的问题,夫妻同住老人比较理解和支持。 结论　夫妻同住老人的生活和心理状况均较好,独居老人的心理状况较差,非空巢老人的经济和体力付出的压力较大

Study on organochlorine pesticide and PCBs at surface water in Xiamen Harbour

利用GC -ECD对厦门西港 1998年 7月取得的 9个站位表层水体中的 18种有机氯农药 (HCHs ,DDTs等 )和 12种多氯联苯 (PCBs)进行分析。其中有机氯农药的浓度范围 6 .6 0～ 32 .6ng/L(其中HCHs:3.5 1～ 2 7.8ng/L ,均值 8.5 7ng/L ;DDTs:0 .95～ 2 .2 5ng/L ,均值 1.45ng/L) ,多氯联苯的浓度为 0 .0 8～ 1.6 9ng/L ,同国内外其他港口海区相比较 ,其污染程度相对较低。同时 ,对有机氯污染的分析表明 ,发现近年来仍有有机氯的污染输入 ,其农药的使用主要集中在六六六和滴滴涕上 ;多氯联苯和有机氯农药在厦门西港有着相似的分布及来源特征。organochlorine pesticides and 12 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) at the sruface water in Xiamen Harbour were determined. The range of organochlorine pesticides was 6.60～32.60 ng/L, and the PCBs concentrations were 0.08～1.69 ng/L. Compared with the results of other harbor and estuaries, it showed that the contamination for organic chlorine pollutants was more slight than those of others. At the same time, it was found that organochlorine pesticides and PCBs have the similar geological destribution and resources.福建省自然科学基金!项目 (D9810 0 0 3

Evaluation and Fate of the Organic Chlorine Pesticides at the Waters in Jiulong River Estuary

1999 0 6,对九龙江口 1 5个站位的表层水 ,1 3个站位的间隙水进行了 1 8种有机氯农药的测定结果表明 ,有机氯农药总含量在表层水中的浓度范围为 51 3～ 2 4 79ng L ;在间隙水中的浓度范围是 2 66～ 33355ng L .对不同有机氯的含量在各站位的分布特征进行了探讨 ,发现Methoxychlor(甲氧滴涕 ) ,EndosulfanSulfate(硫酸硫丹 ) ,Endrinaldehyde(乙醛异狄氏剂 )以及EndosulfanII(硫丹 ) ,Dieldrin(狄氏剂 ) ,Deta HCH和Beta HCH 7种有机氯农药在 1 8种有机氯农药中都占主要部分 ;九龙江口的六六六的含量顺序 :β >δ α >γ ;对于滴滴涕 ,表层水中的含量 :DDE DDD >DDT ;间隙水中的含量 :DDE DDT >DDD ,二者DDE的含量都在总DDTs的 50 %以上 ,说明环境中的DDTs主要降解为DDE ;九龙江口有机氯农药随着盐度梯度 ,在河口中呈去除趋势 ;且间隙水中有机氯农药比表层水中的浓度高 ,说明其倾向于吸附在沉积物颗粒上 ,其浓度差使得有机污染物可能通过再悬浮等过程从底层向上层迁移 .九龙江口的有机氯农药污染与其他港湾相比 ,污染水平相当 ,部分站位水质有机氯农药 (HCHs和DDTs)超过国家一类水质的标准 .Organochlorine Pesticides at the water(surface water and porewater) in Jiulong River Estuary were determined. The range of organochlorine pesticides at surface water was 51.3～2479ng/L, and the concentration in porewater was 266～33355ng/L. The results showed that the organochlorine pesticides were removed in the estuary and the sediments were the reservior of the organochlorine pesticides. Compared with the results of other harbor and estuaries , it showed that the contamination for organic chlorine pollutants in Jiulong River Estuary was similar to those of others. At the same time,the risk of organochlorine pesticides in the estuary was evaluated.1998年教育部重点项目、基金委资助留学人员短期回国工作讲学专项基金!项目联合资助 (4 9910 76 0 74

The trends and characteristics of organochlorines pollution in surface sediments of Xiamen Western Bay

利用GC ECD对厦门西港 1 998年 7月取得的 8个站位表层沉积物中的 1 8种有机氯农药 (HCHs,DDTs)等和 1 2种多氯联苯 (PCBs)进行分析 .其中有机氯农药的浓度范围ND(未检测出 )— 0 58ng/g(其中HCHs和DDTs的含量分别为ND—0 1 4ng/g与ND— 0 0 6ng/g) ,多氯联苯的浓度为ND— 0 32ng/g ,与 1 986、1 993年的厦门西港的分析结果相比较 ,污染程度明显降低 ;说明近年来的厦门的有机污染得到逐步控制 ,也与有机物随时间推移逐渐详解有关 ,分析表明多氯联苯和有机氯农药在厦门西港有着相似的分布特征 .The contents of 18 organochlorine pesticedes and 12 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in suface sediments from Xiamen Western Bay were analyzed by GC\|ECD. The range of organochlorine pesticides was ND—0 58?ng/g,and the PCBs were ND—0 32?ng/g.Compared with the results of Xiamen Harbor in 1986 and 1993, it showed that the pollution of organochlorines decreased gradually along the time, in Xiamen Harbor became and the contamination was more slightly than that of other Harbors or Estuaries. At the same time, it was found that the geological distributions of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs, also the HCHs and DDTs were similar to each other, which indicated that the polltion was cansed by a same source