Study on the Viral Nervous Necrosis in Grouper

摘要应用流行病学调查方法，对福建南部地区海水养殖石斑鱼近年来日益严重的暴发性传染病进行调查和研究。首次阐明了该地区养殖石斑鱼传染病的主要种类及其流行病学特征，病毒性神经坏死病(viralnervousnecrosis，VNN)是该地区最常见、危害也最大的传染病，常导致大批石斑鱼鱼苗和幼体发病死亡。该传染病具有典型的神经症状，游动异常，中枢神经和视网膜组织出现空泡坏死病变。病鱼除了神经异常外，无其它临床病症，体表及体内也无明显的病理变化或寄生虫寄生。该病通过鱼卵行垂直传播，也可经养殖水体行水平传播。来自受感染亲鱼的垂直传播是鱼苗感染的主要途径。各种石斑鱼以及不同日龄的石斑鱼均易感，但对幼体的危害...Abstract In recent years, some cultured groupers in southern Fujian, China have been suffered a fulminant infectious disease causing mass mortalities. The main pathogens and their epidemiological properties were illustrated by using epidemiological investigation. It indicated that the viral nervous necrosis virus has been the most important pathogen infected by the fishes, and heavy mor...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋系_海洋生物学学号：B20012700

欧鳗“狂游症”病调查报告

欧鳗“狂游症”病调查报告黄印尧陈信忠颜江华（厦门动植物检疫局361012）（厦门大学抗癌研究中心361021）近年来，我国从欧美引进了大量的鳗苗，但欧鳗的病害，尤其是以狂游衰竭而死亡为主要特征的“狂游症“病常常造成全场鳗鱼发病死亡，死亡率达90%以上..

The pathogeny of ulcer disease in Epinephlus awoara

2002年夏季厦门同安湾一带气候炎热,降雨量少,海水盐度偏高,同安湾刘五店的网箱养殖石斑鱼大面积暴发溃疡病。本研究调查了石斑鱼溃疡病暴发的特征和症状,主要表现为肌肉溃疡坏死、眼球脱落、鱼骨暴露等。从病鱼体表及内脏分离出优势菌群命名为TS 628,经回归感染证实TS 628就是引发本次石斑鱼溃疡病的病原菌。对病原菌进行鉴定发现,该菌革兰氏染色呈阴性,电镜下观察菌体呈短杆状,极端单鞭毛,综合研究该菌在形态、生理生化、16SrDNA同源性及药物敏感性等方面的特性,基本确认分离到的病原菌为哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi),该菌对氯霉素、壮观霉素等多种抗生素敏感,对万古霉素、青霉素G等抗生素不敏感。哈维氏弧菌是水产养殖病害常见病原菌,但作为养殖石斑鱼的病原菌在国内属首次报道。The summer of 2002 was hot and dry in Xiamen, and the seawater salinity was higher than usual, sometimes reaching 38 in Tongan Bay. From the end of May, ulcer disease occured on a large scale in Tongan Bay. In the middle of June, a heavy rain brought about high mortality among the cultured groupers, which caused serious loss. The characteristics of ulcer disease were observed. Infected groupers displayed sluggish swimming and refused feeding, several days later, the groupers' eyes swelled and became ulcerated, the tail turned red, the scales became detached and the back muscle gradually ulcerated, then the eyes even dropped out and the muscle became so necrotic that the spine was exposed, finally the diseased fishes died. Anatomized the dead fish and found that the livers and gills were pale and the gallbladder was distended. The time course from appearance of disease signs to death lasted about a week. Dominant bacteria, which were Gram-negative and seen short rod with single polar flagellum under electron microscope, were isolated and designated TS-628. In artifical infection test all fish　of the experimental group died on the third day after injected with bacterial suspension, while all the fish in control group showed no signs till the end of another week observation. The dead grouper had pale livers and gills and small ulcerations on the caudal fin and anal fins. These were the same signs as the natural infected fishes. The re-isolate also had the same characteristics as TS-628, which proved the isolate TS-628 was the pathogenic bacteria that triggered this ulcer disease. Different methods were used to identify the pathogenic bacteria in this study. The identification result through VITEK-AMS system GNI card was that TS-628 was Burkholderia mallei, with 99% reliability. While traditional biochemical identification revealed that TS-628 exhibited relVibrio harveyi through comparison with Bergey's Manual Determinative Bacteriology. In order to confirm absolutely different results above, further researches were carried out to identify TS-628 again. So 471bp sequence of TS-62816S rRNA gene was amplify and compared with all DNA sequences (1192858 in total) in genebank (GenBank+EMBL+DDBJ+PDB), homology analyses showed that 16 sequences were picked out to have the highest similarity, with 98% identity. These 16 sequences all originated fromV. harveyV. carchiariae which also belongs to harveyi because their similarity in physiological and biological characteristics and DNA homology. According to morphological features, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene homology comparison of the bacteria, the patV. harveyi. Drug sensitivity test showed that the pathogenic bacteria were highly sensitive to chloramphenicol, actinospectcinV. harveyi is a kind of pathogenic bacterium commonly found iV. harveyi is reported as the pathogenic bacteria of cage-cultured grouper in China. And V. harveyi should be regarded as an opportunistic pathogen which has close relation to temperature and salinity and easily causes vibriosis under conditions of high temperatures and drought. Therefore, it is necessary to guard agV. harveyi vibriosis in such summer days.福建省重大科技项目资助(2002N009

Studies on the morphology, taxnomy and life history of leucocytozoon from chicken and other birds in Fujian Province

本文报告福建省2种鸡住白虫和7种鸟类住白虫的生物学及 流行学情况．2种鸡住白虫为沙氏住白虫（Leucocytozoon sabrazesiMathis&Leger,194I)和卡氏住白虫（L. caulleryiMathis&Leger,1910).7种鸟类住白虫 分别为马氏住白虫（L.marchouriMathis&Leger 1910）、布林氏住白虫（L.brimontiMathis& Leger,1910)、燕誉住白虫（L.fringillinarum woodcock1910)、曼氏住白虫（L.monardiRodhain, 1931）伯劳住白虫（L.laniumsp....学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_微生物学学号：MJ10006

Adiagnostic and Cure Report on the Viral Disease of Haliotis divericolor aquatilis

1999～ 2 0 0 0年冬春季节。福建省东山、漳浦养殖九孔鲍鱼暴发急性、毁灭性传染病流行。经过一系列实验室检验和病例复制试验 ,证实它是由一种大小 5 0～ 80 x12 0～ 15 0 nm球状病毒侵袭鲍体所引起的。该病采取隔离消毒、净水养殖、药浴和饲喂药物饲料 ,可以起到很好的防制作用A spherovirus around 50 80 x 120 150nm in fecting Haliotis divericolor aquatilis is proved as a pathogen of a fatal infectious diease which had occurred on many abalone feedlots in Dongshan and Zhanpu of Fujian province in recent years by using laboratory examination and case replication.This disease could be cured and control its pervasion by using isolation method,breeding in health water,bathing and feeding with some drugs

Study on the Pathogen of the Fulminant Infectious Disease in the Fry ofEpinephelus lanceolatus in Southern Fujian

应用RT PCR技术,检测了福建南部石斑鱼育苗场患病紫石斑鱼的病原,结果检出神经坏死病毒;对该病毒的RT PCR产物进行了核酸测序和序列分析,与基因库中马拉巴斑和紫石斑神经坏死病毒编码病毒核衣壳蛋白的基因片段序列的同源性大于97%.病原菌分离鉴定结果,有2菌株分别是溶藻弧菌和豚鼠气单胞菌,对实验动物有一定的毒力.药敏试验表明这些菌株对常用抗生素表现耐药.临床症状和实验结果都表明,神经坏死病毒感染是导致石斑鱼大批死亡的主要原因,而溶藻弧菌和豚鼠气单胞菌应为继发感染,加重了病情,使更多的石斑鱼死亡.In recent years, some cultured fry of grouperEpinephelus lanceolatus in southern Fujian Province, China had suffered an epidemical disease which caused heavy mortality. The average death rate was as high as 60 to 80 percent. The sick or died groupers did not show any patholgical signs other than neurological abnormalities in the early time of the disease, no significant external or intermal lesions or parasites were observed. An initial study was taken on the pathogen infected by the fishes. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect nervous necrosis virus. It was found that the juvenile grouper had been infected with nervous necrosis virus. The fragment of 421bp of NNV was amplified and sequenced. It showed more than 97 percent homologue with the sequences of other NNV strains from grouper in Gene Bank. This result also indicated that the amplified sequence was the conservative area of the gene in NNV.Two strain of pathogen asVibrio alginolyticus andAeromonas caviae were separated from the sick grouper. These germs had virulence to the experimental animal and did not sensitive to most antibiotics. All of the clinic symptoms and examinations indicated that the NNV was the major cause of the disease and the second-infection ofV. alginolyticus andA. caviae had high morbidity and more mortality from the infection in these fries.福建省科技厅科技项目(2002N009);; 厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20032009)资

STUDY ON THE SPHERICAL VIRUS DISEASE IN CULTURED ABALONE HALIOTIS DIVERICOLOR

本文系统报告1999年～2001年间,福建省东山、漳浦人工养殖九孔鲍暴发急性、毁灭性传染病的流行病学、临床症状和病理变化,该病原被分离鉴定为约100nm的球状DNA病毒,无血凝性;本文建立了病毒琼脂扩散诊断法;在5个试验场开展隔离消毒、消灭病原、砂滤水养殖、药浴和应用药物饲料等防治方法,并取得成功。Thispaperdealswiththeepidemiologicobservation,clinicalsymptomsandpathologicfeaturesofabaloneHaliotisdi-vericolorinafatalinfectiousdiseacewhichhadoccurredonmanyabalonefeedlotsinDongshanandZhanpudistrictsinFujianprovinceduring1999-2001.ADNAvirusaround100nmhadbeenisolatedandprovedasthemajorpathogenbyusinglaboratoryexaminationandcasereplication.Thisvirustakesaglobularformandhasnoemagglutinationwitherythrocytes.Anagargeldiffusiontesthadbeenmadetodiagnosethisvirosis.Thediseasehadbeencuredsuccessfullyin5abalonefeedlotsbyusingisolationmethod,breedinginhealthwater,bathingandfeedingwithsomedrugs

Study on Aeromanas hydrophila Collected from the Cultured Crocodilus porosus

厦门H野生动物园内饲养的一群湾鳄于2001年11月初暴发急性传染病,并引起部分死亡,病鳄表现内脏和体表出血等败血症状,从肝脏中分离出2株细菌(代号Croc01和Croc02),经鉴定分别为嗜水气单胞菌和表皮葡萄球菌.根据溶血性、动物毒力、药敏和防治试验等证实菌株Croc01即嗜水气单胞菌能产生外毒素,具有溶血性,为本次传染病的主要致病原.应用敏感药物治疗取得良好的疗效.Some cultured crocodiles Crocodilus porosus in a wild zoo in Xiamen had broken an acute infectious disease and caused to death in November 2001. The ill crocodiles took a septicaemia symptom like visceral and body surface hemorrhage. Two strains marked as Croc01 and Croc02 isolated from the diseased crocodiles were identified as Aeromanas hydrophila and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The Croc01 strain was proved to be the major pathogen of the disease by hemolysin test, animal toxicity test, antibiotic sensitivity test and cure experiment. It can produce exotoxin and has beta hemolysin completely. The tested animals can be cured by injecting with sensitive antibiotics which had been approved to be keenness to the strain