Damage to Alexandrlum tamarense DNA Caused by Hydroxyl Radicals

利用羟基自由基(·OH)压载水处理系统,采用大气压强电场放电技术制取·OH溶液对塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrlum tamarense)进行处理。通过普通光学显微镜,荧光显微镜和电子显微镜对·OH处理前后的塔玛亚历山大藻的细胞结构进行观测。结果表明,·OH能有效破坏藻细胞,从而造成藻类死亡。利用随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplification polymorphic DNA,RAPD)和实时定量PCR(RT-PCR)相结合的技术检测·OH对DNA链的破坏作用。共得到了3条有显著差异的扩增产物。这3条扩增产物经测序,并通过NCBI(national center of biotechnology information)的比对分析,最终得到1条可用RT-PCR检测·OH对DNA破坏作用的基因序列。以上的结果表明,·OH压载水处理系统能有效去除塔玛亚历山大藻,并对其DNA造成破坏。This paper referred to a ballast water treatment system by using hydroxyl radical(·OH),in which the atmospheric pressure electric discharge technology was applied to produce hydroxyl radicals to treat Alexandrlum tamarense.The morphology of A.tamarense before and after being treated by ·OH was observed by ordinary optical microscope,fluorescence microscope and electron microscope,respectively.The findings presented that ·OH effectively did damage to the algal cells and led to algae perishing and the damage of ·OH to DNA strand was detected by using combination of random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)and RT-PCR technology.In addition,three DNA bands with differences were found and sequenced;then sequence alignment was performed in the website of National Center of Biotechnology Information(NCBI).Finally,a gene sequence was found for RT-PCR analysis that further proved the damage to DNA strand.In conclusion,the ballast water treatment system of ·OH was capable to removes A.tamarense in water effectively,causing damages of the DNA strand.中国杰出青年学者基金(NSFC)(61025001);; 中国国家科技支撑项目(2013BAC06B00);; 海洋科学研究公共利益的专项基

Application of Hydroxyl Radicals Ballast Water Treatment System on Ship

构建了250 m~3/h羟基自由基压载水处理系统并进行了实船试验。整个试验按照国际海事组织(IMO)的要求进行,对水中藻类、细菌和水质参数进行了检测。试验结果显示,经此系统处理后压载水中藻类浓度和细菌浓度达到了IMO规定的压载水排放标准;处理后的压载水水质变好,不会造成二次污染。该系统可实现在压载水的输送过程中杀灭外来水生生物和病原体,并可以改善水质。A 250 m3/h hydroxyl radicals ballast water treatment system is constructed and tested on ship. The whole experiment is conducted in accordance with the requirements of International Maritime Organization(IMO). The concentration of algae and bacteria, as well as some water quality parameters are determined. Experimental results show that the concentration of algae and bacteria in ballast water treated by this system achieved the ballast water discharge standard of IMO regulations. The treated ballast water has higher water quality and will not cause secondary pollution. The system can kill the alien aquatic organisms and pathogens in the process of delivering ballast water and can improve water quality

Treatment System of Ballast Water in Oceanic Ships Using Hydroxyl Radical(·OH) Based on Strong Electric-field Discharge

船舶压载水的交换可能致使海洋中不同海域生物的交互入侵,打破原有海域生态系统的平衡,为此,研究了一种基于强电离放电方法规模化制备羟基自由基技术的新型船舶压载水处理系统。该系统利用大气压下强电场电离放电,将氧气和气态水充分电离,离解产生大量氧活性粒子,并通过高速射流,在管路中完成空化效应,制备高浓度羟基溶液,实现在船舶压载水装载过程中快速、高效的杀灭有害微生物和病原体。实验结果显示,压载水经过质量流量为10 T/H的压载水处理系统处理后,藻和细菌被全部杀灭,致死率达100%。在48 H和120 H两个时间点对处理舱进行检测,未发现有再生现象发生。除此之外,比较处理前后水质参数及生物学指标变化情况,经羟基处理后丙二醛(MdA)浓度有明显升高,而水中bOd、COd质量浓度明显降低。通过对MdA检测,羟基杀灭机制很可能是通过影响细胞脂质过氧化进程来完成。处理后压载水的水质得到了明显改善,减轻了压载水排放过程中对排放水域的环境压力。Exchanging ballast water from ships might cause the interactive bio-invasion of different seawater, and break ecological balance.Therefore, we described a ship ballast water system which generates hydroxyl radical from strong electric field ionization discharge.The discharge at atmospheric pressure could ionize O2 in air and gaseous H2O to form a large amount of oxygen active particles, which were injected into a tube of the ballast water treatment system to generate a high concentration of ?OH solution through the cavitation effect.The ?OH solution could kill harmful micro-organisms in ballast water quickly and efficiently.Test results showed that, after being treated by the system at a flow speed of 10 t/h, the single-cell algae and bacteria in ballast water were almost completely eliminated, and the micro-organisms did not reactivate at 48 h and 120 h.In the treated ballast water, the concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA) obviously increased while BOD and COD decreased significantly.According to the MDA test, ?OH probably kills algae and bacteria though preoxidating their cytolipin.The treatment can effectively lower the pollution from the ballast water.The results indicate that solution of high ?OH concentration significantly improves the quality of ballast water, hence it relieves the environmental threats of the ballast water discharge on local marine system.国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2012AA062609); 国际科技合作项目(2010DFA61470); 国家杰出青年科学基金(61025001)~

Study on the corrosion effect of ballast tank caused by ballast water treatment of hydroxyl radical

针对羟基自由基(·OH)法处理船舶压载水过程中可能对压载舱造成腐蚀情况进行研究。在最大羟基处理浓度2.5 Mg/l条件下作用压载舱常用低碳钢、不锈钢及非金属材料,检测处理前后压舱水对压载舱材料的腐蚀影响。结果表明羟基法处理压载水系统在高效杀灭外来有害生物的过程中,对压载舱金属与非金属并不具有明显的腐蚀增强,这一结果满足IMO的技术要求。羟基法在快速处理船舶压载水的同时对于压载舱壁金属腐蚀而言是安全的。该研究结果对日后压载舱的防腐设计以及压载水处理装置在船舶上的推广应用具有重要的意义。The thesis presents the study of the situation that hydroxyl radical( ·OH) may cause the corrosion of ballast tank material in the process of ballast water treatment.Under the highest using concentration of hydroxyl radical,the materials,such as low-carbon steel,stainless steel,and Non-metallic,are commonly used in the ballast tank to evaluate the corrosion influence that ballast water makes on the materials of ballast tank in the pre-and post-treatment testing.The result showed that the corrosion effect of the hydroxyl radical on the metal and non-metal materials does not increase obviously when used in the system of ballast water treatment to effectively kill the exotic pests,which meets the requirements of IMO.It is safe for ballast tank wall metal to utilize the hydroxyl radical in the ballast water treatment.The study result holds a great significance for the anti-corrosion design of the ballast tank and the popularization as well as the application of this ballast water treatment system on board.国家高技术研究发展计划(2012AA062609); 国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(61025001

乙烷在纳米氧化镍上温和氧化脱氢制乙烯

用溶胶 -凝胶法制备的纳米氧化镍具有较好的乙烷氧化脱氢低温反应活性 .3 80℃下焙烧的NiO粒子大小在 8nm左右 ,与大尺寸氧化镍相比 ,获得相同收率时反应温度大约下降 12 5℃ .并通过BET ,TPR ,TPD ,XPS等手段对不同焙烧温度的氧化镍催化剂进行表征 ,研究其粒子大小与对氧的活化能力及反应活性的关联

钴基催化剂上乙烷氧化脱氢的催化作用

比较了氧化钴、氧化镍分别对乙烯、乙烷氧化的催化性能 ,结果发现 :乙烯在氧化钴较氧化镍上更易进一步深度氧化生成CO2 .通过对新制担载型Co 基催化剂随反应温度反复升、降温的乙烷氧化脱氢 (ODHE)性能研究 ,展现了氧化钴活性相与SiO2 载体相互作用对催化性能的影响 .Weiss原位磁研究结果表明 :SiO2 担载的氧化钴催化剂较难还原 ,即使在反应气中氧被完全耗完时 ,钴仍停留在Co2 + 的价态上 .通过对数十个担载和未担载、不同载体、不同担载量的Co 基催化剂的ODHE性能考察表明 :在Co 基催化剂上ODHE反应机理一般遵从Hetero homogeneous机理

锆促进纳米氧化镍催化剂的制备及其对乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯的催化性能

用尿素均匀沉淀法制备了不同含量锆促进的纳米氧化镍催化剂 ,并考察了其对乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯的催化性能 .结果表明 ,纯纳米氧化镍在优化条件下的最高乙烯收率为 2 1 7% ;而锆促进的纳米氧化镍催化剂对乙烯选择性和高温抗乙烷裂解性能都有明显改善 .15 %ZrO2 NiO表现出最佳的催化性能 ,在 4 10℃下 ,乙烷转化率为 6 1 5 % ,乙烯选择性为 6 8 6 % ,乙烯收率为 4 2 2 % ;该催化剂在 4 2 0℃经 36h反应 ,乙烯收率仅下降约 4 % ,粒子没有发生明显的团聚 ,表现出较好的稳定性 .XRD结果表明 ,锆促进的纳米氧化镍粒子较纯纳米氧化镍粒子小 ,平均粒径为 5～ 7nm ;助剂锆以无定形的ZrO2 形式存在 .O2 TPD MS结果表明 ,锆的加入提高了催化剂中较高温度下脱附的氧物种量 ,降低了较低温度下脱附的氧物种量 .H2 TPR结果显示 ,锆促进的纳米氧化镍催化剂较纯纳米氧化镍难以完全还原

锆促进纳米氧化镍催化剂的制备及其对乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯的催化性能

用尿素均匀沉淀法制备了不同含量锆促进的纳米氧化镍催化剂 ,并考察了其对乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯的催化性能 .结果表明 ,纯纳米氧化镍在优化条件下的最高乙烯收率为 2 1 7% ;而锆促进的纳米氧化镍催化剂对乙烯选择性和高温抗乙烷裂解性能都有明显改善 .15 %ZrO2 NiO表现出最佳的催化性能 ,在 4 10℃下 ,乙烷转化率为 6 1 5 % ,乙烯选择性为 6 8 6 % ,乙烯收率为 4 2 2 % ;该催化剂在 4 2 0℃经 36h反应 ,乙烯收率仅下降约 4 % ,粒子没有发生明显的团聚 ,表现出较好的稳定性 .XRD结果表明 ,锆促进的纳米氧化镍粒子较纯纳米氧化镍粒子小 ,平均粒径为 5～ 7nm ;助剂锆以无定形的ZrO2 形式存在 .O2 TPD MS结果表明 ,锆的加入提高了催化剂中较高温度下脱附的氧物种量 ,降低了较低温度下脱附的氧物种量 .H2 TPR结果显示 ,锆促进的纳米氧化镍催化剂较纯纳米氧化镍难以完全还原

泾河流域耕地-人口-粮食系统与耕地压力指数时空分布

根据泾河流域1990-2005年耕地、人口和粮食的数据动态变化情况,计算了流域内31个县(区)的耕地压力指数,在此基础上分析了该指数在时间上的变化和在空间上的区域差异,并进一步探讨了以上变化和差异产生的原因。分析结果表明:耕地面积总体呈持续减少趋势,人均粮食产量呈上升趋势,这与粮食单产的提高有很大关系;最小人均耕地面积逐年减少,耕地压力总体减小,但旱灾期间突变性增大;流域内各县(区)耕地压力差异较大,西北部的丘陵沟壑区和六盘山地区耕地压力相对较大,中下游的南部丘陵沟壑区和冲积平原地区的耕地压力相对较小;复种指数、人口密度、粮食作物播种面积比例、粮食单产等要素对各县(区)指数的作用强度存在差异。最后提出了解决耕地压力的一些有效措施和方法,并对此领域的研究方向提出展望