并行算法在三维景观可视化中的应用初探

1 概述当代高技术研究的许多领域都对计算机的性能提出了巨大的挑战,大型科学计算问题的求解,特别是科学计算可视化,要求计算机具有极快的运算速度。计算机图像处理更是经常需要对海量数据进行实时处理,对计算机的计算速度要求极高。传统的计算机是串行工作的,由于电脉冲传播速度以光速为极限,受到体积和散热等技术条件的限制,这类机器性能虽然在不断提高,但仍跟不上应用的需求。从六十年代起计算机科学家就开始模拟人类组织社会劳动的并行方式,将并行原理引入计算机结构设计,开拓了设计和生产高性能计算机的崭新道路

环岸型阿基米德桥

本实用新型公开了一种环岸型阿基米德桥，该桥包括管体、锚固系统，管体由锚固系统固定在水域(海、河、湖)的岸壁上。进一步地，所述锚固系统包括至少两组刚性支撑结构和至少一组柔性锚固结构，其中所述刚性支撑结构与水域的岸壁相固定，所述柔性锚固结构与水域的岸壁或其底部相固定。本实用新型环岸型阿基米德桥以刚性支撑结构和柔性锚固结构相结合的方式固定在岸壁上。本实用新型环岸型阿基米德桥既可作为一种环岸交通设施，亦可作为水下观光的设施

CT心包新月征在非钙化的缩窄性心包炎的诊断价值

： 【目的】探讨CT“心包新月征”在非钙化的缩窄性心包炎诊断中的价值。【方法】回顾性分析经手术 及病理证实的非钙化的缩窄性心包炎患者27例，心脏肿瘤46例，全部患者均行CT平扫+增强检查，非钙化的缩 窄性心包炎患者分析其心包形态、密度、强化特征、心房、心室、下腔静脉的表现；心脏肿瘤患者分析其心包形态， 是否出现“心包新月征”。【结果】27例非钙化缩窄性心包炎患者中，18例患者出现“心包新月征”改变，占66.7%； 心室不同程度变形13例，占48%；下腔静脉扩张26例，占93%；心房增大7例，占26%。46例心脏肿瘤患者中，仅 有1例患者出现类似“心包新月征”改变。用“心包新月征”诊断缩窄性心包炎时，其灵敏度是66.7%，特异度是 97.8%，Youden指数是0.64。ROC曲线下面积是0.82（0.71-0.94），P<0.001。【结论】“心包新月征”是诊断非钙化的 缩窄性心包炎重要的CT征象，具有非常高的特异度，是非钙化的缩窄性心包炎与心包肿瘤的重要的影像鉴别诊 断依据

Chinese Revolution in the Socio-economic Perspective

自2004年起,本刊设立开放时代论坛,每年11月第一个周末定期举办,至今已逾十二届。开放时代论坛旨在邀集多领域学者,推进对前沿公共议题的跨学科讨论。自2015年起,本刊再设不定期的开放时代工作坊,旨在邀集某学科或某些相近学科的学者,对学科内与时势相接的重要学术问题作专门探讨。第一次开放时代工作坊于2015年1月13日至14日在中山大学举办,主题为“社会经济史视野下的中国革命“,我们希望从长时段、日常生活、地方社会的角度展现中国革命的复杂性、丰富性和延续性,以区别于惯行的党史研究。以下内容根据第一次开放时代工作坊录音整理而成,并经所有发言人审订。评论及讨论部分的小标题为编者所加。因篇幅所限,部分内容未能一并刊出

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials

Prediction of Energy Resolution in the JUNO Experiment

International audienceThis paper presents the energy resolution study in the JUNO experiment, incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase. The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV. To achieve this ambitious goal, significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector. Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution, extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons, such as the properties of liquid scintillator, performance of photomultiplier tubes, and the energy reconstruction algorithm. To account for these effects, a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed. This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution. The study reveals an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 MeV. Furthermore, the study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget. This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data taking. Moreover, it provides a guideline in comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors