86 research outputs found

    厦门西海域沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活力的分布、动态及其与各形态磷的关系

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    本文首次对厦门西海域表层沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活力的分布、动态进行了检测和分析,并在同步检测该沉积物各种形态磷含量的基础上对该酶与各形态磷的关系进行了探讨.结果表明,厦门西海域表层沉积物中碱性磷酸酶的活力分布与陆源排污对水体的污染有明显的相关性;酶活力与总磷、总无机磷含量相关性较大,与弱吸附可交换磷相关性不大,与总有机磷含量则呈显著不相关性.并认为,就厦门西海域而言,碱性磷酸酶活力的水平可作为小区域水体富营养化程度的重要参考指标之一.国家自然科学基金;福建省自然科学基

    我国高水平游泳运动员运动损伤特点

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    对 1999年全国游泳冠军赛和锦标赛的 18个省市代表队 12 0名高水平运动员的运动损伤进行全面、系统的调查研究。结果显示 :我国高水平游泳运动员的运动损伤患病率达 6 5 % ;女运动员患病率明显高于男运动员 ;运动员损伤多属于急性中度损伤 ;损伤多发生在冬训和赛前大负荷训练阶段 ;损伤好发部位为肩、腰、膝部 ,以肩袖损伤最多 ;受伤者多为具有 6~ 9年训练年限、运动等级达到健将级水平的 14~ 18岁的运动员 ;损伤的主要原因有超负荷和局部负荷过重、训练水平不够、生理机能或心理状态不良等。福建省教委课题! (NO .JB991345

    Isolation and Characterization of an Electricity-producing Strain Shewanella sp. S2 from Marine

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    通讯作者:[email protected][中文文摘]以厦门白城海域的潮间带表面沉积物为菌种来源筛选得到一株具有电催化活性的菌株S2,该菌株的16S rRNA和gyrB基因发育树与Shewanella oneidensis MR-1同支,相似性分别为98.5%和87%,葡萄糖、木糖、半乳糖等碳源利用及最佳生长的NaCl浓度与S.oneidensis MR-1有显著差别,因此初步鉴定为Shewanella属菌株,命名为Shewanella sp.S2。初步研究了菌株S2产电活性,在以乳酸作为碳源产电时,电压最高为150mV,相应的电流密度为66.1mA/m2。 [英文文摘]A new electrochemically active bacterium (exoelectrogen), strain S2, was isolated from coastal marine sediments of Xiamen. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences showed that strain S2 formed a lineage within the genus Shewanella and had high similarity (98.5% and 87.0%, respectively) with strain S. oneidensis MR-1. The phenotypic characteristics indicated strain S2 could be distinguished easily from S. oneidensis MR-1 by its culture conditions such as pH, NaCl tolerance and carbon source utilization. Based on these results, it is identified as Shewanella sp. S2. The preliminary current generation experiments showed that S2 could use lactate and xylose for electricity production. When lactate was used as a fuel, the MFC had highest voltage (150 mV) and current density (66.1 mA/m2).中国大洋协会项目(No.DYXM-115-02-2-15

    Advance in new determination methods for pesticide residues

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    第一作者简介:王兆守(1972—),男,博士,讲师。研究方向为有机 污染物的生物降解。电话 0592–2186195;E–mail [email protected]。 联系人:王兆守。[中文文摘]介绍了农药残留检测的步骤与方法。农药残留检测主要分为4个步骤:样品的提取、净化、浓缩和检测。提取方法主要有震荡法、索式提取法、固相微萃取法、超临界流体萃取法、快速溶剂萃取法等。净化方法主要有:液-液分配净化法、柱层析法、磺化法等。浓缩方法主要有:蒸发浓缩、反渗透浓缩、K-D浓缩仪浓缩等。检测方法主要有:气相色谱-质谱联用法、荧光分析法、酶抑制法、免疫分析法、生物传感器检测法、红外光谱法、拉曼光谱法等。评述了这些方法的优点与缺陷,提出了今后的发展方向。[英文文摘]The determination of residual pesticides is mainly divided into four processes:extraction,cleanup,concentration and detection. The methods for extracting samples include shaking extraction,soxhlet’s extraction,solid phase micro-extraction,supercritical fluid extraction,accelerated solvent extraction and so on. The cleanup methods include liquid-liquid partition process,column chromatography,sulfonation and so on. The concentration methods include evaporation and concentration,reverse-osmosis,Kuderna Danish (K-D) concentrator and so on. The detection methods include gas chromatography-mass ectrometry,fluorometry,enzyme inhibition,immunoassay, biosensor and infrared spectrometry,Raman spectrometry,and so on. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods were reviewed and the development tendency in the future was pointed out.福建省青年科技人才创新项目(2007F3094);厦门大学引进人才科研启动费项目(0000-X071C3);近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室(厦门大学)开放基金(MEL0603);国家海洋局第三海洋研究所海洋生物遗传资源重点实验室开放研究基金(HY200601);国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室开放基金(200702

    Some characteristics of energy exchange at the underlying surface of desert and oasis in Hexi Corridor

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    在河西走廊黑河地区沙漠和绿洲下垫面生态条件下,用涡旋相关法研究了能量输送的不同模式和日变化进程;以及两种生态条件下能量输送间可能存在的相互关系。在沙漠生态条件下,大部分净辐射用于显热散失,另一部分用于向地下传输,较少部分则用于潜热输送,其方向在白天向下,在夜间向上;其Bowen比为13.16。在绿洲的麦田生态条件下,能量输送的基本模式为:大部分净辐射用于潜热散失,其输送方向与沙漠相反,另一部分用于显热散失,其输送方向一般在午后约3h即由上传转为下传。土壤热通量在最大时一般不超过40W/m2。冠层光合作用固定的能量则更小,其数量级维持在10W/m2以下,小麦不同生长阶段各能量分量占净辐射的比例有所变化。麦田的Bowen比从分蘖期的0.33降到拔节期末的0.095。当有干热大风自沙漠吹向绿洲时观测了典型的绿洲效应,其能量输送模式发生很大变化,显热显著下传,地热流量减弱,潜热散失强烈,起风后约2h潜热甚至高于净辐射。表明沙漠的能量组分参与了麦田的能量平衡过程。 【英文摘要】 With eddy correlation,we studied the pattern and dinurnal variation course of energy transfer for the underlying surface of desert and wheat field in oasis and their possible relationship between two ecological conditions at Heihe River region in Hexi Corridor during the HEIFE project.In the desert,the most net radiation( Rn )was consumed by sensible heat( H )transfer,another part of Rn conducted into desert surface,and a small part of Rn was dissipated by latent heat( LE ) transfer on a fine ...中国科学院资助项目;;国家自然科学基金;;日本文部省资助项

    Some biometeorological features of wheat field in the ecological conditions of oasis at the Heihe Region

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    观测分析了 HEIFE地区绿洲中麦田的一些微气候特征 ,结果表明 SPAC中水势随高度呈显著梯度分布 ,在土壤 -植物以及植物 -大气界面 ,水势值存在两个大的跳跃 ;水势廓线存在明显的日变化 ;SPAC各部分水势变化的起伏顺序是大气 >植物 >土壤 ,说明水势变化受植物水分代谢进程直至气象因子的强烈影响和控制。冠层上方近地面风温湿的时空剖面显示出白天与夜晚相比 ,大气混合得较好 ;日出前则大气较为稳定 ;在典型晴天条件下 ,麦田上方的大气存在内边界。其结构受来自沙漠干热风的影响和控制。冠层内部也存在着温度、湿度、CO2 浓度、PAR、蒸腾作用、光合作用、气孔导度和叶温的垂直梯度 ,其廓线的日变化主要受太阳辐射的强烈控制 ,同时也受冠层内部不同层面叶片水分代谢强弱以及土壤状况的影响 ,其温湿廓线表现出与冠层上方不同的变化模式。 【英文摘要】 We observed and analysed some characteristics of biometeorology over and within canopy in spring wheat field in the ecological conditions of oasis during HEIFE program.Water potential in SPAC appeared a well vertical profile and the profile showed an obvious diurnal variation.There were water potential jumps in the SPAC junction boundaries.Sequence of variation intensity for water potential in each part of the SPAC was atmosphere,plant and soil.It is shown that the water potential was influenced and control...中国科学院资助;; 国家自然科学基金!( No.94 870 0 4 );; 日本文部省资助!( No.0 2 0 4 1 0 4 3

    晶体化合物标准熵的离子参数估算式

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    <正> 周振华曾提出一些计算同类化合物标准熵值的z/r近似式(科学通报,28(1983),17:1087),但适用范围较窄,而且用该式计算的镀化合物标准熵值不合理。考虑到质量和

    锡中矿常见氧化物的氯化反应性

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    本文对锡中矿中常见氧化物进行了量子化学计算,并提出了一个衡量有关氧化物氯化反应难易程度的反应性指标
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