双膦酸盐类药物用于肿瘤辅助治疗的临床研究进展

双膦酸盐是用于骨骼疾病及钙代谢性疾病治疗的一类药物,主要用于治疗骨质疏松症、佩吉特病、高钙血症等。同时临床研究显示双膦酸盐还可用于多发性骨髓瘤、乳腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌等疾病的辅助治疗,改善患者的临床结局,尤其是唑来膦酸盐的抗肿瘤效果更具优势,被广泛应用于多种恶性肿瘤的临床研究。本文就双膦酸盐在肿瘤辅助治疗中的临床研究进展进行综述。国家自然科学基金面上项目(31670939

Adaptive high-capacity reversible data hiding algorithm for medical images

提出了一种新的医学图像无损数据隐藏算法,根据医学图像特点,将隐秘信息分别嵌入在感兴趣区域和非感兴趣区域中。在非感兴趣区域中,采用自适应整数变换方法增大嵌入容量并控制失真;在感兴趣区域,采用最低有效位替换方法控制水印图像质量。实验结果表明,算法的嵌入容量在1.2 bPP到1.7 bPP之间,而峰值信噪比保持在43 db左右。与现有相关算法相比,嵌入容量具有明显优势并保持较高的图像质量。另外,本方法计算复杂度低,能方便应用于实际的医学信息系统中。A new reversible data hiding algorithm for medical images was proposed.The hidden information was embedded into Region of Interest(ROI) and non-interest respectively.In ROI,an adaptive integer transform scheme was employed to enhance the embedding capacity and control distortions.And in Region of Non-Interest(RONI),the classical Least Significant Bit(LSB) method was used to keep the marked image's quality.The experimental results show that,compared with previous works,the performance of the proposed method has been significantly improved in terms of capacity and image quality.The proposed method's embedding capacity is between 1.2 bpp and 1.7 bpp,while the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR) can maintain the 43 dB or so.Moreover,the proposed method with high run efficiency can be applied into the practical hospital information system.国家自然科学基金资助项目(61103202);国家重点实验室2011年度开放基金资助项目(SKLST201113);福建星火科技项目(2010S0017);莆田市科技项目(2011G04-2

Electrodeposition and Lithium Storage Performance of Amorphous Fe-P Alloy Electrodes

应用电沉积技术制备了fE-P合金电极材料。采用X射线衍射(Xrd)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了该合金材料的相结构和表面形貌。Xrd分析结果表明电沉积的fE-P合金具有非晶态结构。电化学性能测试表明:平面结构的fE-P合金电极首次放电(脱锂)容量达542MAH.g-1,首次循环的库仑效率为60%;50周循环之后放电容量为366MAH.g-1。用非原位的Xrd和SEM对电极的充放电机理进行了初步研究,结果表明,首次充电(嵌锂)过程中形成lI3P相,电极表面生成纳米棒结构铁-磷合金,它能有效缓解锂嵌入/脱出时引起的合金结构变化,抑制合金材料的体积膨胀,从而提高该合金电极的充放电效率和循环性能。The planar structural Fe-P alloy deposits were prepared by electroplating.The structure and electrochem-ical performance of the electroplated Fe-P alloys have been investigated in detail.XRD results showed that Fe-P al-loy deposit exhibits an amorphous state.Electrochemical tests showed that the Fe-P alloy composite electrodes can deliver a discharge capacity of 542mAh.g-1 in the first cycle and the coulombic efficiency of 60%.At the 50th cycle the discharge capacity was 366mAh.g-1.The Fe-P electrodes with nanorods structure obtained during cycling was beneficial in reducing the irreversible capacity of Fe-P alloy electrode at initial charge-discharge,and in relaxing the volume expansion during cycling,which improved the cycleability of Fe-P alloy electrode.They are also beneficial to diffusion of Li inset/out of materials,and improve coulombic efficiency in charge-discharge cycle.国家自然科学基金(No.20773102、20833005);国家“973计划”(No.2009CB220102);国家基础科学人才培养基金(No.J0630429)项目资

Three-dimensional Porous Cu_6Sn_5 Alloy Anodes for Lithium-ion Batteries

以三维多孔泡沫铜为基底,通过直接电沉积的方法制备锂离子电池Cu6Sn5合金负极材料.发现合金表面大量的微孔和“小岛”不仅增大电极的表面积,而且显著缓解充放电过程中的体积变化.测得三维多孔Cu6Sn5合金的初始放电(嵌锂)容量为620mAh·g-1,充电(脱锂)容量为560mAh·g-1,库仑效率达到90.3%,具有较好的循环性能.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示,在泡沫铜基底上制备的Cu6Sn5合金电极具有比通常的铜片基底更好的结构稳定性,经过50周充放电循环后无明显的脱落现象.Three-dimensional porous Cu6Sn5 alloy electrodes were prepared by electroplating using copper foam as current collector.The micro-holes and small islands on surface of the Cu6Sn5 alloy increased largely the surface area of the electrode,and improved significantly the ability of the electrode in buffering the volume change in process of charge/discharge when the Cu6Sn5 alloy was employed as anode in a lithium-ion battery.Galvonostatic charging/discharging results demonstrated that the initial discharge(lithiation)and charge(delithiation)specific capacities of the Cu6Sn5 alloy electrode were 620 mAh·g-1 and 560 mAh·g-1,respectively.It demonstrated that the Cu6Sn5 alloy electrode exhibited a large initial coulomb efficiency(90.3%)and good capacity retention.SEM(scanning electron microscope)results illustrated that the Cu6Sn5 alloy deposited on copper foam substrate was more stable than that on a conventional copper substrate,and displayed no obvious exfoliation after 50 charge/discharge cycles.国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973)(2002CB211804)资

Preparation and Capacity Fading Mechanism of Tin Thin Film as Anode of Lithium-ion Battery

以电镀的方法在铜基底上沉积薄膜锡作为锂离子电池负极材料.运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电化学循环伏安、电化学充放电和交流阻抗等多种方法对其结构和性能进行表征和研究.结果表明所制备的薄膜锡电极主要为四方晶系结构,其初始放电(嵌锂)容量为709mAh?g-1,充电(脱锂)容量为561mAh?g-1.电化学循环伏安研究发现在嵌/脱锂过程中薄膜锡经历了多种相变过程.电化学阻抗谱结果说明,首次嵌锂过程中当电极电位达到1.2V在电极表面形成SEI膜,而当电极电位低于0.4V表面SEI膜出现破裂,归因于体积膨胀所致.SEM研究表明30次充放电循环后薄膜锡负极出现龟裂现象.Tin thin film coated on Cu substrate as anode of lithium-ion battery was prepared by electroplating. Its structure and properties were characterized and studied by X-ray diffration, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, charging/discharging test and AC impedence method. XRD patterns indicate that the tin thin film exhibits a structure of tetragonal crystal. The first discharge and charge capacities of the tin thin film electrode were determined to be 709 and 561 mAh?g-1, respectively. Cyclic voltammetric results illustrated that multi-phase changes occurred during the lithiation and delithiation. Electrochemical impedance spectros- copy (EIS) results indicated that SEI film was begun to form on the surface of tin thin film electrode at 1.2 V, and then break down below 0.4 V because of large volume expansion. SEM investigations revealed that the tin thin film electrode appeared serious cracks after 30 charging and discharging cycles.国家重点基础研究和发展规划(973项目)(No.2002CB211804)资助项目

Fabrication and Performance of Cu_6Sn_5 Alloy Anode Using Porous Cu as Current Collector

以氢气泡为动力学模板电沉积获得多孔铜,并通过热处理增强其结构稳定性.进一步将多孔铜作为基底通过电沉积制备Cu-Sn合金负极.Xrd结果给出其组成为Cu6Sn5合金,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察到Cu6Sn5合金电极为三维(3d)多孔结构.充放电结果指出,Cu6Sn5合金电极具有较好的充放电性能,其首次放电(嵌锂)和充电(脱锂)容量分别为735和571MAH·g-1,并且具有较好的容量保持率.运用电化学阻抗谱研究了Cu6Sn5合金电极在商业电解液中的界面特性.Porous Cu was fabricated by electrodeposition through a kinetic template of hydrogen bubbles.The product was subsequently annealed to increase its structural stability.The Cu-Sn alloy was then electrodeposited onto porous Cu which served as a current collector.X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies ascertained that the composition of the Cu-Sn alloy was Cu6Sn5 and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations showed a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure of the electrode.The first charge/discharge capacities of the Cu6Sn5 alloy electrode were measured respectively at 735 and 571 mAh·g-1,and a good retention of the capacities has been determined.Interfacial properties of the Cu6Sn5 alloy electrode in a commercial electrolyte were also studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2009CB220102)资

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study on Phase Transformation of Cu_6Sn_5 Alloy Anode

以粗糙铜箔为基底,采用一步电沉积法获得Cu-Sn合金,X射线衍射(Xrd)测试结果显示其主要为Cu6Sn5合金相.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试结果表明该合金表面由大量“小岛“组成,且每个“小岛“上存在大量纳米合金粒子.充放电测试结果表明,以该合金为锂离子电池负极,其初始放电(嵌锂)和充电(脱锂)容量分别为461和405MAH·g-1.电化学阻抗谱测试结果显示,Cu6Sn5合金电极在阴极极化过程中分别出现了代表固体电解质界面膜(SEI膜)阻抗、电荷传递阻抗和相变阻抗的圆弧,并详细分析了它们的变化规律.The Cu-Sn alloy electrode was prepared by a one-step electrodepositing method using rough Cu foil as the substrate,and was determined as the intermetallic composite of Cu6Sn5 using an X-ray diffraction(XRD) method.The electrode surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) which displayed "small islands" structure with many nano-particles on it.The first discharge and charge capacities were determined as 461 and 405 mAh·g-1,respectively.Electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS) indicated that there appeared three arcs in the Nyquist plots respectively representing the impedance of solid electrolyte interphase film,charge transfer and phase transformation in the first lithiation,and their evolutive principles were also investigated.国家重点基础研究和发展规划(973)(No.2009CB220102);国家自然科学基金(No.20773102)资助项

LiCoO_2正极材料电子和离子传输特性的电化学阻抗谱研究

运用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了LiCoO2正极的电子和离子传输特性,及其在电解液中贮存和充放电过程中的变化规律.发现当LiCoO2正极在电解液中贮存达到9h时,在EIS的中频区域出现一个新的半圆,随着贮存时间进一步延长,该半圆不断增大.在充放电过程中,这一中频区域半圆随电极电位的变化发生可逆的增大和减小,其变化规律与LixCoO2电子电导率随电极电位的变化规律相一致.因此,这一新的EIS特征应归属于LiCoO2正极在贮存或锂离子嵌脱过程中LixCoO2电子电导率的变化.研究结果还发现,LiCoO2正极表面SEI膜阻抗在充放电过程中可逆地增大和减小,也可归因于充放电过程中LiCoO2正极活性材料电子电导率的变化.国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2002CB211804)资助项

Structure and Properties of Three-dimensional Reticular Sn-Co Alloy Electrodes as Anode Material for Lithium Batteries

应用电沉积技术制备了三维网状结构的Sn-Co合金负极材料,采用XRD、SEM和电化学方法考察了该负极材料的结构和性能.XRD分析表明,该三维网状结构的Sn-Co合金镀层为六方固溶体结构.其电化学性能测试表明:三维网状结构Sn-Co合金微晶电极的性能稳定,其首次放电容量高达493.4mAh·g-1,首次库仑效率达80.03%,而平面结构Sn-Co合金电极的首次库仑效率为63.47%.经50周充放电循环后,三维网状结构Sn-Co合金电极的放电容量为329.6mAh·g-1,放电容量保持率为66.8%;SEM分析表明:三维网状Sn-Co合金电极表面是由大小不一、高低不同的“岛”紧密排列在一起;“岛”和多孔结构的存在,缓冲了锂嵌入时体积的膨胀,部分抑制了材料结构的变化,减缓了电极容量的衰减,改善了电极的循环性能.The three-dimensional reticular Sn-Co alloy deposits were prepared by electroplating.The structure and electrochemical performance of the electroplated three-dimensional reticular Sn-Co alloys have been investigated in detail.Experimental results show that the Sn-Co alloy film is of hexagonal solid solution,with Sn as the solvent,Co as the solute.Electrochemical tests show that the three-dimensional reticular Sn-Co alloy coating electrodes can deliver a discharge capacity of 493.4 mAh·g-1 in the first cycle.At the 50th cycle the charge was 329.6 mAh·g-1.The three-dimensional reticular structure in Sn-Co alloy electrode was beneficial in reducing the irreversible capacity of Sn-Co alloy electrode at initial charge-discharge,and in relaxing the volume expansion during cycling,which improved the cyclability of Sn-Co alloy electrode.They are also beneficial to diffusion of Li into /out of macroporous materials,and improve coulomb efficiency in charge-discharge cycle.国家重点基础研究和发展规划(973项目,2002CB211804)资助项

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Study of the First Delithiation of Spinel Lithium Manganese Oxide

研究了尖晶石锂锰氧化物电极首次脱锂过程中的电化学阻抗特征.通过选取适当的等效电路拟合实验所得的电化学阻抗谱数据,获得了首次脱锂过程中固体电解质相界面膜(SEI膜)的电阻、电容以及电荷传递电阻、双电层电容等随电极极化电位的变化规律.The first delithiation of the spinel LiMn2O4 electrode was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Appropriate equivalent circuits were proposed to fit the experimental EIS data. Based on the fitting results, the variation of the capacitance and the resistance of SEI(solid electrolyte interphase) film, the resistance of charge transfer, and the capacitance of double layer along with the increase of polarization potential were quantitatively analyzed. The results demonstrated that the resistance and the thickness of the SEI film formed on the spinel LiMn2O4 electrode were both increased with the increase of polarization potential in the first delithiation of the spinel LiMn2O4 electrode; The charge transfer resistance decreases below 4.15 V and increases above 4.15 V, corresponding to the two-step reversible (de)intercalation of lithium between LiMn2O4 and λ-MnO2; The double layer capacitance was influenced by both the state of the spinel LiMn2O4 electrode(different polarization potential) and the two-step reversible (de)intercalation of lithium.国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2002CB211804)资