Geographic Distance Between Independent Directors and Corporations and Corporate Agency Costs

中国资本市场引入独立董事制度的初衷是完善公司的治理结构，加强对公司内部人（包括大股东和管理层）的监督与制衡以保护中小投资者的利益。但是，独立董事制度自2001年建立以来，社会各界对独立董事“不独立”、“不懂事”的指责之声不绝于耳，独立董事的监督职能似乎“形同虚设”。在履职实践中，中国上市公司独立董事由于交通和时间等客观原因缺席董事会会议的现象屡见不鲜。为了参会率，“通讯表决”甚至发展成为独立董事发表意见的主流趋势。一个非常有趣而令人疑惑的现象是，既有公司偏好聘请本地人士担任独立董事，也有公司偏好聘请异地独立董事。那么，地理距离在独立董事履行监督职能过程中究竟扮演着怎样的角色？为什么上市公司会出...In China, the independent director system is originally introduced to ameliorate corporate governance, make effective oversight and control on board rights, and protect the interests of small investors. However, independent directors are faced with endless doubts such as “not independent”, “not diligent” and “not professional” since they were introduced in 2001. It seems that independent directors...学位：会计硕士院系专业：管理学院_会计硕士学号：1842014115062

Study on the Exiting Mechanism of Investing Bank

投资银行的退出往往会威胁投资者的安全,甚至会严重影响到金融体系的稳健运行,给整个社会经济生活带来重大影响。国外成熟市场上普遍建立了完备的投资银行退出机制。借鉴国际经验,中国应建立完备的投资银行退出机制。The exiting of investing bank could threaten the security of investors, even influence the operation of the financial system and social-economic life. It's necessary for China to learn from other countries' practices to establish the exiting mechanism of investing bank

国外先进结构陶瓷领域碳化硅粉体的应用技术及市场

我国碳化硅粉体产量占世界首位。碳化硅粉体在先进结构陶瓷中有广泛的用途,国外工业发达国家的状况值得分析和借鉴。分析了国外先进陶瓷领域碳化硅粉体的应用技术及市场现状,并对市场走向、新技术、新用途进行了展望

光催化泡沫陶瓷过滤器的应用研究现状和展望(英文)

高活性的光催化二氧化钛纳米材料与高气孔率的三维多孔泡沫陶瓷材料复合,得到的光催化泡沫陶瓷过滤器,具备高活性、大表面积、大通量、以及陶瓷的耐高温、耐化学腐蚀、循环适用性,在大气/水净化领域率先得到了广泛应用。在工业领域的废气脱臭处理、在农业领域的农药废水太阳光降解、在医疗卫生领域的实验室医院空气杀菌处理、在交通领域的高速列车空气净化等,已经展开应用。综述了国内外光催化泡沫陶瓷过滤器的应用研究现状、问题及其发展趋势

An Algorithm for Text Classification Based on KNN

knn(k-nEArEST nEIgHbOr)是向量空间模型中最好的文本分类算法之一。但是,当样本集较大以及文本向量维数较多时,knn算法分类的效率和准确率就会大大降低。该文提出了一种提高knn分类效率的改进算法,并且改进了相似度的计算方法,能更准确的判断维数高且样本集大的文本向量。算法在训练过程中计算出各类文本在向量空间中的分布范围,在分类过程中,根据待分类文本向量在样本空间中的分布位置,缩小其k最近邻搜索范围。实验证实改进的算法可以在保持knn分类性能基本不变的情况下,显著提高分类效率。KNN(K-Nearest Neighbor) is one of the best text classification algorithms by Vector Support Model.However,its efficiency and accuracy rate are very low for text classification task with high dimension and huge samples.In this paper,a new algorithm is intro duced to improve the efficiency rate.For high precision,we also have a new way to compute the similarity of two texts.The distribution of training samples of each class is computed in the training process.According to the position of the documents in the sample space,this al gorithm can reduce the searching range of their K nearest neighbors in the classing process.The results of experiments show that this algo rithm can save largely the classification time and has almost the same classification performance as that of the traditional KNN classification algorithm

A Method to Do Lexical Analysis while Word-position Tagging

提出了一种新的字位置信息标记,使用该标记可以实现字标注分词和词性分析的一体化。通过设计一套包含了词性信息的字位置信息标记,在训练前对训练语料进行改造,将训练语料转化成用新标记标注的语料,然后根据转化的结果进行训练,并用训练产生的隐马模型(HMM)对待分词字符串进行字标注,最后找出最大概率路径作为分词结果,该分词结果同时也包含了词法分析的结果。该文将隐马模型中的VITErbI算法修改成n-VITErbI算法,采用n-VITErbI算法可以实现查找分词图中的前n条最大概率路径。实验表明,该模型可以较准确的完成分词操作,同时可以产生有一定引导作用的词法分析结果。A new kind of tags for the word-position tagging.word-position tagging and lexical analysis integration can be achieved using the new tags.the new kind of tags contains both the lexical information and the word-position information,before the training process,modify the trainning data using the new tags,then train the word segment model with the modified trainning data,after the trainning fin ished,use the model to do a word segment process on a sentence,then get the result from the model.the result will be both the word seg ment result and the lexical analysis result.This article also changed the viberti algorithm of HMM into N-viberti,which can find the top N results of a word segment graphy.Experiments show that through the model,we can get a good word segment result,and a lexical analysis result in the same time,though the accuracy is still relatively low

纤维复合材料后微屈曲的理论和实验

后微屈曲是单向纤维复合材料和层状复合材料压缩破坏过程的基本特征。结合Kevlar 49增强648/BF_3·400(脆性环氧)和EP(韧性环氧)基复合材料对后微屈曲的折带扩展进行理论分析和实验研究。理论预测与实验结果达到定性、定量符合;实验展现出扩展折带模式的微屈曲特征

新生儿先天性巨细胞病毒感染的研究进展

巨细胞病毒(CMV)是全球最常见、危害最大且严重被忽视的新生儿先天性感染病原体,是新生儿中枢神经性耳聋和神经发育迟缓最主要的原因,全球新生儿先天性CMV感染的流行率总体为0.2%～2%[1]。新生儿发生先天性CMV感染后,约有15%～20%将出现永久性的生理缺陷,给社会带来较大的疾病负担。本文对先天性CMV感染的病原学、流行现状、临床表现、疾病负担和防治措施进行综合概述,旨在提高对新生儿先天性CMV感染的社会关注度。先天性CMV感染是指母亲在妊娠期内通过胎盘或脐血将病毒传给胎儿而导致的CMV感染[2-3],是宫内胎儿最常见的病毒感染,可导致新生儿中枢神经性耳聋和神经发育迟缓,甚至死亡。然而,过去先天性国家自然科学基金(81472015,31670927

pH-Induced Simultaneous Synthesis and Self-Assembly of 3D Layered beta-FeOOH Nanorods

Higher-ordered architectures self-assembly of nanomaterials have recently attracted increasing attention. In this work, we report a spontaneous and efficient route to simultaneous synthesis and self-assembly of 3D layered beta-FeOOH nanorods depending oil a pH-induced strategy, in which the continuous change of pH is achieved by hydrolysis of FeCl3 center dot 6H(2)O in the presence of urea under hydrothermal conditions. The electron microscopy observations reveal that the square-prismic beta-FeOOH nanorods are self-assembled ill a side-by-side fashion to form highly oriented 2D nanorod arrays, and the 2D nanorod arrays are further stacked in a face-to-face fashion to form the Final 3D layered architectures. Oil the basis of time-dependent experiments, a multistage reaction mechanism for the formation of the 3D layered beta-FeOOH nanorods architecture is presented, involving the fast growth and synchronous self-assembly of the nanorods toward I D, 213, and 3D spontaneously. The experimental evidence further demonstrates that the urea-decomposition-dependent pH continuously changing in the Solution, spontaneously altering the driving force competition between the electrostatic repulsive force and the attractive van der Waals force among the nanorods building blocks, is the essential factor to influence the self-assembly of the beta-FeOOH nanorods from 1D to 3D.NSFC,20525103,20801045,20531050,20725310 973 Program 2007CB81530

如何讲好中国品牌故事

中国需要"走出去",中国必须"走出去",这是中国的发展战略,也是中国发展的必由之路。在中国"走出去"的战略中,不仅人要走出去,文化要走出去,思想要走出去,更基础的是企业要走出去,品牌要走出去,产品要走出去。迄今为止,我们的产品走出去了不少,但我们的企业走出去的却不多,我们的品牌走出去的更是寥寥无几。而品牌走出去远比企业走出去、产品走出去更为重要。因此在中国"走出去"战略中,品牌走出